Galehaut (orGalaha[l/u]t,Galeho[l]t,Gallehau[l]t,Galhault,Galeotto, et al.) is a half-giant knight and sovereign prince inArthurian legend. He is most prominent within theLancelot-Grail prose cycle where he is a noble enemy turned an ally ofKing Arthur as well as an inseparable friend (and possible lover, according to some interpretations) of Arthur's championLancelot. The figure of Galehaut should not be mistaken with Lancelot's son,Galahad (which is also Lancelot's own birth name), and some other similarly named characters.
Galehaut, a half-blood giant lord of the Distant Isles (le sire des Isles Lointaines),[1] appears for the first time in theMatter of Britain in the "Book of Galehaut" section of the early 13th-century ProseLancelot Proper, the central work in the series of anonymousOld French prose romances collectively known asLancelot-Grail (the Vulgate Cycle). An ambitious, charismatic, towering figure of a man (six inches taller than any knight[2]), he arrives with a great army to challengeKing Arthur for possession of Arthur's realm ofLogres. Though unknown to Arthur and his court, Galehaut, having set out as a young knight to conquer the entire world, has already subjugated thirty lands such as his favourite kingdom of Sorelois and acquired tremendous military power, loyal vassals, and a reputation for personal valor and noble character. Both the Vulgate Cycle and theProseTristan describe him as "the son of the Fair Giantess" (fils de la Bele Jaiande), given the name Bagotta inLa Tavola Ritonda,[3] and the evil human lordBrunor, both of whom are later killed byTristan who takes over their castle in the ProseTristan. Galehaut also has a sister, named Delice in the ProseTristan and Riccarda in the Italian versionI Due Tristani.[4] His descent is further explored in the ProseTristan as well as inPerlesvaus.
In the ensuing war, it becomes clear that Galehaut's army is going to win against Arthur's. However, Galehaut is so awed by the battlefield prowess of one of Arthur's knights, the mysteriousBlack Knight (also previously known to him as theRed Knight from Galehaut's previous campaign that he had postponed for a year in order to let Arthur gather his forces for a more honorable victory), that for his sake he renounces a certain victory and surrenders to the amazed Arthur for just a chance to spend a night alone with the enigmatic hero. The knight, who turns out to be the youngLancelot, gratefully accepts Galehaut's companionship. What follows is a tale of Galehaut's love for Lancelot, interpreted by some modern scholars as a chivalric bond and deep male friendship and by others ashomosexuality,[5][6][7][8][9] in which Galehaut figures as the central character as he becomes thetragic hero in the story. Galehaut, just as he has surrendered to Arthur, gives way beforeGuinevere, yielding Lancelot to her. He also joins Arthur'sKnights of the Round Table, and later gives refuge to Lancelot and Guinevere in his land of Sorelois during theFalse Guinevere episode. He ultimately dies at the age of 39[10] by longing for Lancelot, having been separated with him (Lancelot was first kidnapped byMorgan le Fay and then went mad and disappeared) and after receiving false news of his death. Lancelot, at the end of his own life, is buried next to Galehaut at his castle ofJoyous Gard in the tomb that he had built to consecrate and eternalise their companionship. Long after his death, Galehaut continues to be commonly recalled as an exemplar of greatness.
Since the early 13th century, there have been numerous retellings of the life, loves and chivalry of Lancelot's career and the story of his adulterous liaison with Queen Guinevere has always been part of every significant account of King Arthur. The second, overlapping love story, however, the one related in the ProseLancelot, in which Galehaut sacrifices his power, his happiness, and ultimately his life for the sake of Lancelot, has been largely forgotten. The character himself reappears in a number of Arthurian tales, in several different languages, but without the same significance. The best known retelling in English, the 15th-centuryLe Morte d'Arthur ofThomas Malory, reduced him to just a relatively villainous minor "frenemy" of Lancelot,[11] leaving Guinevere without a rival for Lancelot's affections, besides also relating a part of the Tristan side of the story in the part "The Book of Sir Tristrams de Lyons". Malory however gives a reminiscence of Galehaut's traditional role to a similarly named but different Knight of the Round Table namedGalahodin, a character taken from Galehaut's son in law and successor, Galehodin from the Vulgate (in theTavola Ritonda, Galehaut's heir is his son named Abastunagio). Malory furthermore created another of Lancelot's companions (and his own relative) similarly named Galyhod. In Italian romanceTristano Riccardiano, Galehaut dies of his wounds following a duel with Tristan in an attempt to avenge the slaying of his parents, forgiving him in the end.[12]
AsDante says in the fifth canto ofInferno,Galehaut was the book thatPaolo and Francesca had been reading, when they yield to their love. Dante mentions Galehaut [Inf. V, 137] as both the book itself and the author of it, intermediary between Lancelot and the Queen. AndBoccaccio, moved by the great lord's generosity, uses his name as the subtitle of hisDecameron ("Il Principe Galeotto"). In Spanish,galeoto is still an archaic word for apimp.[13]
Subsequent novels, plays, poems, and films have accepted that simplification of the tale. Indeed, Galehaut has become so obscure that modern readers sometimes mistake the name for a mere variant ofGalahad. Galahad is the "pure", the "chosen" knight who achieves the quest for theHoly Grail in a part of the Arthurian legend quite distinct from the story in which Galehaut appears. There is no connection between the two figures.[citation needed]