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Gale Sondergaard

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
American actress (1899–1985)

Gale Sondergaard
Sondergaard in 1940
Born
Edith Holm Sondergaard

(1899-02-15)February 15, 1899
DiedAugust 14, 1985(1985-08-14) (aged 86)
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
OccupationActress
Years active1936–1983
Spouses
Children2

Gale Sondergaard (bornEdith Holm Sondergaard; February 15, 1899 – August 14, 1985) was an American actress.

Sondergaard began her acting career in theater and progressed to films in 1936. She was the first recipient of theAcademy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her film debut inAnthony Adverse (1936). She regularly had supporting roles in films during the late 1930s and 1940s, includingThe Cat and the Canary (1939),The Mark of Zorro (1940) andThe Letter (1940). For her role inAnna and the King of Siam (1946), she was nominated for her second Best Supporting Actress Academy Award. After 1949, her screen work came to an abrupt end for 20 years, primarily due to theHollywood blacklist.

Married to directorHerbert Biberman, Sondergaard supported him when he was accused of communism and imprisoned as one of theHollywood Ten in the early 1950s. She moved with Biberman to New York City and worked in theater. She only returned to occasional acting in film and television beginning in 1969, when she moved back to Los Angeles. She died from cerebrovascularthrombosis in 1985.

Early life

[edit]

Sondergaard was born inLitchfield, Minnesota, to Danish immigrants, Hans Sondergaard (born Hans Tjellesen Schmidt Søndergaard) and Anna Kirstine Søndergaard (née Holm). Her father taught at theUniversity of Minnesota, where she was a drama student.[1]

Stage and film career

[edit]

Until the late 1940s

[edit]

Sondergaard studied acting at the Minneapolis School of Dramatic Arts before joining the John Keller Shakespeare Company. She later toured North America in productions ofHamlet,Julius Caesar,The Merchant of Venice andMacbeth. After joining theTheatre Guild, she began performing on the New York stage.[2]

in the trailer forDramatic School (1938)

She made her first film appearance inAnthony Adverse (1936) as Faith Paleologus, for which she received theAcademy Award for Best Supporting Actress.[1][3] Her career flourished during the 1930s, notably as the steadfastly loyal wife of disgraced innocentAlfred Dreyfus inThe Life of Emile Zola starringPaul Muni (1937).[4]

in the trailer forThe Letter (1940)

During pre-production ofMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer's classicThe Wizard of Oz (1939), an early idea was to have theWicked Witch of the West portrayed as a slinky, glamorous villainess in a black, sequined costume, inspired by theEvil Queen inWalt Disney'sSnow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937).[1] Sondergaard was cast as the witch and photographed for two wardrobe tests, both of which survive—one as a glamorous witch, and another as a conventionally ugly one. After the decision was made to have an ugly witch, Sondergaard, reluctant to wear the disfiguring makeup and fearing it could damage her career, withdrew from the role, and it went to veteran character actressMargaret Hamilton.[5]

Sondergaard was cast as the sultry and slinky Tylette, a magically humanized but devious cat, inThe Blue Bird (1940),[6] and played the exotic, sinister Eurasian wife inThe Letter (1940) starringBette Davis.[1] She had a supporting role inThe Spider Woman (akaSherlock Holmes and the Spider Woman, 1943),[7] part of theUniversal cycle, followed by the non-canonicalThe Spider Woman Strikes Back (1946), also forUniversal.

She received a second Academy Award nomination as Best Supporting Actress for her role as the king's principal wife inAnna and the King of Siam (1946).[8]

House Un-American Activities Committee

[edit]

Sondergaard's career suffered irreparable damage during the United States CongressionalHUACRed Scare of the early 1950s when her husband was accused of being acommunist and named as one of theHollywood Ten.[9] With her career stalled, she supported her husband during the production ofSalt of the Earth (1954).[10][11] They sold their home in Hollywood shortly after they completedSalt of the Earth and moved to New York where Sondergaard was able to work in theater.[9]

Later career

[edit]

In 1969, she appeared in an off-Broadway one-woman show,Woman. She resumed her career in film and television around the same time.[7] Her revived career extended into the early 1980s.

Personal life

[edit]

Her younger sisterHester Sondergaard was also an actress who featured inSeeds of Freedom (1943),The Naked City (1948),Jigsaw (1949) andThe Big Break (1953).[12]

Sondergaard married actor Neill O'Malley in 1922; they divorced in 1930. On May 15, 1930, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, she married directorHerbert Biberman, who was then associated with the Theatre Guild Acting Company. He became afilm director and died in 1971.[13] They adopted two children, Joan Kirstine Biberman (married name Campos, 1940) and Daniel Hans Biberman.[1]

Following several strokes, Sondergaard died from cerebral vascularthrombosis in theMotion Picture and Television Hospital inWoodland Hills, Los Angeles, California in 1985, aged 86. She had been admitted to the hospital in 1982.[1][7]

Acting credits

[edit]

Stage

[edit]
Opening dateClosing dateTitleRoleTheatreRefs
Oct 08, 1928Nov 1928FaustThe WitchGuild Theatre[14]
Nov 19, 1928Jan 1929Major BarbaraSarah Undershaft, Lady Britomart's daughterGuild Theatre[15]
Oct 7, 1929Nov 1929Karl and AnnaMarie's sisterGuild Theatre[16]
Dec 17, 1929Feb 1930Red RustNinaMartin Beck Theatre[17]
May 11, 1931May 23, 1931Alison's HouseElsa - ReplacementRitz Theatre[18]
Feb 21, 1933March 1933American DreamLydia Kimball, The First Play, 1650Guild Theatre[19]
May 17, 1934Jul 1934Invitation to a MurderLorinda ChanningTheatre Masque[20]
Nov 6, 1933Nov 1933Doctor MonicaAnnaPlayhouse Theatre[21]
Dec 19, 1940Dec 28, 1940Cue for PassionFrances ChapmanRoyale Theatre[22]
Apr 02, 1980April 26, 1980Goodbye FidelPrudenciaAmbassador Theatre[23]

Film and television

[edit]
YearTitleRoleNotesRefs
1936Anthony AdverseFaith Paleologusfirst winner ofAcademy Award for Best Supporting Actress[4]
1937Maid of SalemMartha Harding[4]
Seventh HeavenNana, Diane's Sister[4]
The Life of Emile ZolaLucie Dreyfus[4]
1938Lord JeffDoris Clandon[4]
Dramatic SchoolMadame Therese Charlot[4]
1939Never Say DieJuno Marko[4]
JuarezEmpress Eugenie[4]
Sons of LibertyRachel Salomonshort[24]
The Cat and the CanaryMiss Lu[4]
The Llano KidLora Travers[4]
1940The Blue BirdTylette (the cat)[4]
The Mark of ZorroInez Quintero[4]
The LetterMrs. Hammond[4]
1941The Black CatAbigail Doone[4]
Paris CallingColette[4]
1942My Favorite BlondeMadame Stephanie Runick[4]
Enemy Agents Meet Ellery QueenMrs. Van Dorn[4]
1943A Night to RememberMrs. Devoe[4]
Appointment in BerlinGretta Van Leyden[4]
Isle of Forgotten SinsMarge Willison[4]
The Strange Death of Adolf HitlerAnna Huber[4]
Crazy HouseHerselfuncredited[4]
1944The Spider WomanAdrea SpeddingakaSherlock Holmes and the Spider Woman[4]
Follow the BoysHerselfuncredited[4]
The Invisible Man's RevengeLady Irene Herrick[4]
Christmas HolidayMrs. Monette[4]
Gypsy WildcatRhoda[4]
The ClimaxLuise[4]
Enter Arsène LupinBessie Seagrave[4]
1946The Spider Woman Strikes BackZenobia Dollard[4]
Night in ParadiseQueen Attossa[4]
Anna and the King of SiamLady Thiangnominated —Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress[4]
The Time of Their LivesEmily[4]
1947Pirates of MontereySeñorita De Sola[4]
Road to RioCatherine Vail[4]
1949East Side, West SideNora Kernan[4]
1969SlavesNew Orleans lady[4]
It Takes a ThiefMadame Olga Millardepisode: "The Scorpio Drop"
1970Get SmartHester Van Hootenepisode: "Rebecca of Funny-Folk Farm"
TangoTV movie
The Best of EverythingAmanda KeyRegular; contract role
Savage IntruderLeslie[25]
1971Night GalleryAbigail Mooreepisode: "The Dark Boy"[26]
The Bold Ones: The LawyersMrs. Marleyepisode: "The Letter of the Law"
1973The Cat CreatureHester BlackTV movie[27]
1974Medical CenterMyraepisode: "Adults Only"
NakiaBertepisode: "The Quarry"
Police StoryMarge Whiteepisode: "A World Full of Hurt"
1976Ryan's HopeMarguerite Beaulac6 episodes
The Return of a Man Called HorseElk Woman[4]
PleasantvilleOra
Hollywood on TrialHerselfdocumentary[4]
1977VisionsOra DrummondEpisode: "Pleasantville"[28]
1978CentennialAunt AugustaTV miniseries
1981The Fall GuyMrs. Jacksonepisode: "The Human Torch"
1983EchoesMrs. Edmunds[4]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcdefNissen, Axel (2007).Actresses of a Certain Character: Forty Familiar Hollywood Faces from the Thirties to the Fifties. McFarland & Company. pp. 196–202.ISBN 978-0-7864-2746-8.
  2. ^"Gale Sondergaard".International Broadway Database. The Broadway League. RetrievedAugust 2, 2014.
  3. ^"The 9th Academy Awards".Oscars.org. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. RetrievedAugust 3, 2014.
  4. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadaeafagahaiajakalamanao"Gale Sodergaard".AFI Catalog of Feature Films. American Film Institute. RetrievedAugust 1, 2014.
  5. ^Fricke, John (1990).The Wizard of Oz : the official 50th anniversary pictorial history. Jay Scarfone, William Stillman. New York, NY: Warner Books.ISBN 0-446-39186-7.OCLC 22355530.
  6. ^Lev, Peter (March 15, 2013).Twentieth Century-Fox: The Zanuck-Skouras Years, 1935–1965. University of Texas Press. pp. 67–68.ISBN 978-0-292-74447-9.
  7. ^abcFolkart, Burt A. (August 15, 1985)."Gale Sondergaard Dies; Movies' 'Spider Woman'".Los Angeles Times. RetrievedSeptember 24, 2017.
  8. ^"1946 19th Oscar nominees".Oscar.org. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Archived fromthe original on August 8, 2014. RetrievedAugust 3, 2014.
  9. ^abHogan, David J. (June 1, 2014).The Wizard of Oz FAQ: All That's Left to Know About Life, According to Oz. Applause Theatre & Cinema Books. pp. 113–115.ISBN 978-1-4803-9719-4.
  10. ^Eagan, Daniel (November 26, 2009).America's Film Legacy: The Authoritative Guide to the Landmark Movies in the National Film Registry. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 483.ISBN 978-1-4411-1647-5.
  11. ^Baker, Ellen R. (March 12, 2007).On Strike and on Film: Mexican American Families and Blacklisted Filmmakers in Cold War America. UNC Press Books. p. 106.ISBN 978-1-4696-0654-5.
  12. ^"Hester Sodergaard".AFI Catalog of Feature Films. American Film Institute. RetrievedAugust 3, 2014.
  13. ^"A Theatre Guild Wedding: Gale Sondergaard, Actress, Bride of H.J. Biberman, Executive",The New York Times, May 16, 1930.
  14. ^"Faust".IBDB. The Broadway League. RetrievedAugust 3, 2014.
  15. ^"MajorBarbara".IBDB. The Broadway League. RetrievedAugust 3, 2014.
  16. ^"Karl and Anna".IBDB. The Broadway League. RetrievedAugust 3, 2014.
  17. ^"Red Rust".IBDB. The Broadway League. RetrievedAugust 3, 2014.
  18. ^"Alison's House".IBDB. The Broadway League. RetrievedAugust 3, 2014.
  19. ^"American Dream".IBDB. The Broadway League. RetrievedAugust 3, 2014.
  20. ^"Invitation to a Murder".IBDB. The Broadway League. RetrievedAugust 3, 2014.
  21. ^"Doctor Monica".IBDB. The Broadway League. RetrievedAugust 3, 2014.
  22. ^"Cue for Passion".IBDB. The Broadway League. RetrievedAugust 3, 2014.
  23. ^"Goodbye Fidel".IBDB. The Broadway League. RetrievedAugust 3, 2014.
  24. ^Clancy Steer, Deirdre (2009).Colonial America. Infobase Publishing. p. 63.ISBN 978-1-4381-2728-6.
  25. ^Lenburg, Jeff; Howard Maurer, Joan; Lenburg, Greg (2012).The Three Stooges Scrapbook. Chicago Review Press. p. 353.ISBN 978-1-61374-085-9.
  26. ^Skelton, Scott; Benson, Jim (1999).Rod Serling's Night Gallery: An After-hours Tour. Syracuse University Press. p. 203.ISBN 978-0-8156-2782-1.
  27. ^McKenna, Michael (August 22, 2013).The ABC Movie of the Week: Big Movies for the Small Screen. Scarecrow Press. pp. 117–118, 210.ISBN 978-0-8108-9157-9.
  28. ^Roberts, Jerry (June 5, 2009).Encyclopedia of Television Film Directors. Scarecrow Press. pp. 345, 455.ISBN 978-0-8108-6378-1.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Maltin, Leonard (2015) [First published 1969]. "Gale Sondergaard".The Real Stars : Profiles and Interviews of Hollywood's Unsung Featured Players (softcover) (Sixth / eBook ed.). Great Britain: CreateSpace Independent. pp. 230–246.ISBN 978-1-5116-4485-3.
  • Alistair, Rupert (2018). "Gale Sondergaard".The Name Below the Title : 65 Classic Movie Character Actors from Hollywood's Golden Age (softcover) (First ed.). Great Britain: Independently published. pp. 240–243.ISBN 978-1-7200-3837-5.

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