Gagauz Republic Gagauz Respublikası (Gagauz) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1989[a]–1995[b] | |||||||||||
 Map of the territory claimed by the Gagauz Republic; control over all of this area was relative | |||||||||||
| Status | Self-proclaimed state | ||||||||||
| Capital | Comrat 46°19′N28°40′E / 46.317°N 28.667°E /46.317; 28.667 | ||||||||||
| Common languages | Gagauz,Romanian,Russian | ||||||||||
| Government | Republic | ||||||||||
| President | |||||||||||
• 1991–1995 | Stepan Topal | ||||||||||
| Establishment | |||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||
• The Gagauz ASSR is unilaterally proclaimed | 12 November 1989 | ||||||||||
• Gagauz ASSR unilaterally raised into the Gagauz SSR separate from the Moldavian SSR | 19 August 1990 | ||||||||||
• Dissolution of the Soviet Union;de facto independence of the Gagauz Republic | 26 December 1991 | ||||||||||
• Entry into force of a law reintegrating Gagauzia as an "autonomous territorial unit" into Moldova | 14 January 1995 | ||||||||||
• Established | 12 November 1989[a] | ||||||||||
• Disestablished | 14 January 1995[b] | ||||||||||
| Currency | Soviet ruble,Moldovan cupon,Moldovan leu | ||||||||||
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| Today part of | Moldova | ||||||||||
TheGagauz Republic (Gagauz:Gagauz Respublikası,[ɡɑɡɑˈusrɪsˈpublʲɪkəsə];Romanian:Republica Găgăuzia,[reˈpublikaɡəɡəˈuzia];Russian:Республика Гагаузия,romanized: Respublika Gagauziya,[rɪsˈpublʲɪkəɡɐɡəˈuzɪjə]) was a self-proclaimed unrecognised political entity, first declared in 1989, that separated fromMoldova in 1990 during thedissolution of the Soviet Union but later peacefully joined Moldova after beingde facto independent from 1991 to 1995.[2][3]
TheSpecial Congress of Representatives of the Gagauz people was held on 12 November 1989, in which the Gagauz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was proclaimed in theMoldavian SSR, but on the next day thePresidium of theSupreme Council of Moldavia abolished the Special Congress' decisions, calling them unconstitutional.[4]
The Congress of People's Deputies of the Steppe South of the Moldavian SSR declared itself separate from the Moldavian SSR and the establishment of the Gagauz Republic within the Soviet Union on 19 August 1990.[5] Two days later, the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Moldavian SSR held an emergency meeting, and a decision was reached to declare the republic illegal and the congress unconstitutional.[6] A detachment of Moldovan volunteers andpolice units were sent to Gagauzia to quell the dissidence, but the arrival ofSSV soldiers prevented bloodshed.
Initially, the republic was made up of five districts:Comrat,Ceadîr-Lunga,Vulcănești,Basarabeasca, andTaraclia.[4]
The Gagauz Republic never declared itself formally independent, and only became ade facto independent state following thedissolution of the Soviet Union.[2]
On 23 December 1994, on the basis of agreements reached by the Gagauz Republic and the Republic of Moldova, a document on the peaceful reintegration of Gagauzia, with rights of autonomy, was signed. It entered into force on 14 January 1995. The reintegration of Gagauzia was carried out from December 1994 to June 1995, when the Gagauz Republic legally dissolved and became theAutonomous Territorial Unit of Gagauzia.
As the Gagauzia conflict was developing and tensions between the Gagauz and the central government inChișinău remained high, the Gagauz localities started establishing paramilitary structures such as the Budjak Battalion (Gagauz:Bucak Batalyonu;Romanian:Batalionul Bugeac) for their self-defense.[7]
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