Gaetano Martino | |
|---|---|
 | |
| President of the European Parliament | |
| In office 27 March 1962 – 21 March 1964 | |
| Preceded by | Hans Furler |
| Succeeded by | Jean Duvieusart |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | |
| In office 19 September 1954 – 6 May 1957 | |
| Prime Minister | Mario Scelba Antonio Segni |
| Preceded by | Attilio Piccioni |
| Succeeded by | Giuseppe Pella |
| Minister of Public Education | |
| In office 10 February 1954 – 19 September 1954 | |
| Prime Minister | Mario Scelba |
| Preceded by | Egidio Tosato |
| Succeeded by | Giuseppe Ermini |
| Member of theChamber of Deputies | |
| In office 8 May 1948 – 21 July 1967 | |
| Constituency | Catania |
| Member of theConstituent Assembly | |
| In office 25 June 1946 – 31 January 1948 | |
| Constituency | Catania |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1900-11-25)25 November 1900 |
| Died | 21 July 1967(1967-07-21) (aged 66) |
| Party | Liberal |
| Spouse | Alberta Stagno d'Alcontres |
| Children | 3 sons, includingAntonio |
| Alma mater | Sapienza University of Rome |
| Profession | Physician,teacher |
Gaetano Martino (25 November 1900 – 21 July 1967) was an Italianpolitician,physician, and university teacher.
Gaetano Martino was born in 1900 inMessina,Sicily, son of itsMayorAntonino Martino. He graduated in medicine from theSapienza University of Rome in 1923. He worked as physician for Saint-Antoine Hospital inParis.[1] In 1934, he became a teacher at theUniversity of Messina and later was also dean of the university from 1943 to 1954. From 1966 to 1967, Martino was also dean of the Sapienza University of Rome.
Martino was a prominentLiberal politician. He was elected in 1948 to theChamber of Deputies, becoming brieflyMinister of Public Education in 1954, underChristian DemocratMario Scelba. In late 1954, Martino becameMinister of Foreign Affairs after the replacement ofAttilio Piccioni, involved in theMontesi Affair.[1] He maintained his Ministry also during theAntonio Segni's Cabinet (1954–1957), but was finally removed from office by newPrime MinisterAdone Zoli.[2]
As Minister of Foreign Affairs, Martino promoted a betterEuropean integration andinternationalism, first with theMessina Conference in 1955.In 1956, he obtained the Italian acceptance to theUnited Nations. In the same year Martino, along withHalvard Lange fromNorway andLester Pearson fromCanada, became a "sage" of theNATO, promoting its involvement in civil areas.[3]Martino also attended theTreaty of Rome in 1957, establishing theEuropean Economic Community.
In 1956, the newspaperLa Repubblica published an article where Martino said that investigations on theGerman war crimes in Italy duringWorld War II would have a negative impact on theGermany's integration in Europe, like an internal disapprove of the NATO. In 1994, with discovery in a military base of an armoire with secret documents on Nazi war crimes in Italy, nickname "Armoire of Shame" ("Armadio della Vergogna"), emerged that Martino blocked the investigations to avoid German isolation duringCold War.[4]
For his role in the European integration, Martino was electedPresident of the European Parliament in 1962. He also continued to serve as Deputy in the Italian Chamber until his death in July 1967.
| Election | House | Constituency | Party | Votes | Result | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1946 | Constituent Assembly | Catania–Messina–Ragusa–Enna | UDN | 30,332 |  YElected | |
| 1948 | Chamber of Deputies | Catania–Messina–Ragusa–Enna | BN | 28,464 | YElected | |
| 1953 | Chamber of Deputies | Catania–Messina–Ragusa–Enna | PLI | 40,671 | YElected | |
| 1958 | Chamber of Deputies | Catania–Messina–Ragusa–Enna | PLI | 55,475 | YElected | |
| 1963 | Chamber of Deputies | Catania–Messina–Ragusa–Enna | PLI | 61,627 | YElected | |
Media related toGaetano Martino at Wikimedia Commons| Political offices | ||
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| Preceded by | Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs 1954–1957 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Italian Minister of Public Instruction 1954–1955 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | President of the European Parliament 1962–1964 | Succeeded by |
| Common Assembly: 1952–1958 | |
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| Parliamentary Assembly: 1958–1962 | |
| European Parliament (appointed): 1962–1979 | |
| European Parliament (elected): 1979–present | |
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