| Gabelsberger shorthand | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Script type | |
| Creator | Franz Xaver Gabelsberger |
| Created | ≈1817 |
| Published | 1834 |
Period | 1834-1924 |
| Languages | German |
| Related scripts | |
Child systems | German Unified Shorthand (Deutsche Einheitskurzschrift) Bezenšek Shorthand Gabelsberger-Noë Shorthand |
| This article containsphonetic transcriptions in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. For the distinction between[ ],/ / and ⟨ ⟩, seeIPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. | |
Gabelsberger shorthand, named for its creator, is a form ofshorthand previously common inGermany andAustria. Created c. 1817 byFranz Xaver Gabelsberger, it was first fully described in the 1834 textbookAnleitung zur deutschen Redezeichenkunst oder Stenographie and became rapidly used.
Gabelsberger shorthand has a full alphabet with signs for both consonants and vowels. Theconsonant signs were made by simplifying the features ofcursiveLatin letters. The vowel signs are used mainly when a vowel stands at the beginning or the end of a word. Vowels in the middle of words are represented symbolically, mainly by varying the position and the impact of the following consonant signs. Contrary to the practice in many English shorthand systems (e.g.Pitman Shorthand), vowels are never entirely omitted.
Most German shorthand systems published after 1834 are ultimately based on Gabelsberger's system. Modern German shorthand,Deutsche Einheitskurzschrift, retains most of the consonant signs of Gabelsberger's alphabet but has a modified system of vowel representation.
Gabelsberger shorthand was adopted into many languages and was particularly successful in Scandinavia, the Slavic countries, and Italy. A host of shorthand systems has since appeared that build on the graphic principles laid down by Gabelsberger.
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