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GEM character set

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Character set of Digital Research's graphical user interface GEM
GEM character set
LanguageEnglish
Created byDigital Research
Based oncode page 437
Other related encodingsAtari ST character set,Ventura International character set

TheGEM character set is thecharacter set ofDigital Research's graphical user interfaceGEM onIntel platforms. It is based oncode page 437, the original character set of theIBM PC.

Like codepage 437, it aligns withASCII codepoints 32–126, and has additional codepoints including letters withdiacritics and other symbols. It differs from code page 437 in using otherdingbats at code points 0–31, in exchanging thebox-drawing characters 176–223 for international characters and other symbols, and exchanging code point 236 with the symbol for line integral. However, GEM is more similar tocode page 865, because the codepoints of Ø and ø match the codepoints in that codepage.

A slight adaptation forVentura Publisher is the similarVentura International character set, it has code points 0-31, 127, and 218-255 empty, and has swapped ¢ and ø and has also swapped ¥ and Ø (to match code page 437 more).

The GEM-derived file managerViewMAX, which shipped with some versions ofDR DOS as aDOSSHELL replacement, does not use the GEM character set, but loads its display fonts from DOS .CPI files[1][2][3][4][5][6] depending on the system's currentcode page.

Character set

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The following table shows the GEM character set. Each character is shown with a potentialUnicode equivalent, although some codes do not have a unique Unicode equivalent; the correct choice may depend upon context.

GEM character set[7][8][3][9]
0123456789ABCDEF
0xNUL[a][a][a][a][a]🗗[a][a][a]🕒︎🔔︎
1x[a][a][b]§
2x SP !"#$%&'()*+,-./
3x0123456789:;<=>?
4x@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO
5xPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_
6x`abcdefghijklmno
7xpqrstuvwxyz{|}~
8xÇüéâäàåçêëèïîìÄÅ
9xÉæÆôöòûùÿÖÜø£Ø¤ƒ
AxáíóúñѪº¿¡«»
Bxãõ¥¢œŒÀÃÕ§[b]©®
Cx°ÁÂÈÊËÌÍÎÏ
DxÒÓÔŠšÙÚÛŸß
ExαβΓπΣσµ[c]τΦΘΩ[d]δ[e]ɸ
Fx±÷°·²
  Different than code page 437
  1. ^abcdefghij1–8 and 18-19 are used inGEM AES user interface elements such as icons for closing, resizing and maximizingwindows.
  2. ^abCode point 20 (1416) is an unfilled paragraph sign, while code point 188 (BC16) is a filled paragraph sign. This distinction does not exist in Unicode, so both are mapped to U+00B6 PILCROW SIGN here.
  3. ^230 (E6hex) is both themicro sign (U+00B5, µ) and the Greek lowercasemu (U+03BC, μ).
  4. ^234 (EAhex) is both theohm sign (U+2126, Ω) and the Greek uppercaseomega (U+03A9, Ω). (Unicode considers the ohm sign to be equivalent to uppercase omega, and suggests that the latter be used in both contexts.[10])
  5. ^235 (EBhex) is the Greek lowercasedelta (U+03B4, δ), but it has also been used as a surrogate for the Icelandic lowercaseeth (U+00F0, ð) and thepartial derivative sign (U+2202, ∂).

See also

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References

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  1. ^Paul, Matthias R. (2001-06-10) [1995]."Format description of DOS, OS/2, and Windows NT .CPI, and Linux .CP files" (CPI.LST file) (1.30 ed.).Archived from the original on 2016-04-20. Retrieved2016-08-20.
  2. ^Elliott, John C. (2006-10-14)."CPI file format".Seasip.info.Archived from the original on 2016-09-22. Retrieved2016-09-22.
  3. ^abElliott, John C. (2006-09-03)."Codepage-related software".Seasip.info.Archived from the original on 2016-11-08. Retrieved2016-11-09.
  4. ^Brouwer, Andries Evert (2001-02-10)."CPI fonts". 0.2.Archived from the original on 2016-09-22. Retrieved2016-09-22.
  5. ^Haralambous, Yannis (September 2007).Fonts & Encodings. Translated by Horne, P. Scott (1 ed.). Sebastopol, California, USA:O'Reilly Media, Inc. pp. 601–602, 611.ISBN 978-0-596-10242-5.
  6. ^MS-DOS Programmer's Reference.Microsoft Press. 1991.ISBN 1-55615-329-5.
  7. ^"WordPlus GEM character set".WinWorld.Archived from the original on 2017-01-23. Retrieved2017-01-23.
  8. ^Lineback, Nathan."GEM 3.11 Screen Shots".Nathan's Toasty Technology page.Archived from the original on 2019-11-18. Retrieved2016-08-01.
  9. ^Elliott, John C. (2006-09-04)."Fonts for Intel GEM - System Fonts".Seasip.info.Archived from the original on 2017-02-06. Retrieved2016-09-22.
  10. ^The Unicode Consortium (2003-05-21)."Chapter 7: European Alphabetic Scripts"(PDF).The Unicode Standard 4.0.Addison-Wesley (published August 2003). p. 176.ISBN 0-321-18578-1. Retrieved2016-06-09.
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