Sir Geoffrey Ernest Richard LloydFBA FLSW (born 25 January 1933), usually cited asG. E. R. Lloyd, is a historian of ancient science and medicine at theUniversity of Cambridge. He is the senior scholar in residence at theNeedham Research Institute in Cambridge, England.^[1]

His father, a Welsh physician, specialised intuberculosis. After a nomadic early education in six different schools, he obtained a scholarship toCharterhouse, where, despite an indifferent academic culture, he excelled in mathematics, and learned Italian fromWilfrid Noyce. The curriculum was biased to classics, which he was advised, misleadingly in his later view, to pursue. On obtaining another scholarship toKing's College, Cambridge he came under the influence of thepre-Socratics specialistJohn Raven. He spent a year inAthens (1954–1955) where, apart from learningmodern Greek, he also mastered thebouzouki.

A keen interest inanthropology informed his reading of ancient Greek philosophy, and his doctoral studies, conducted under the supervision ofGeoffrey Kirk, focused on patterns ofpolarity andanalogy in Greek thought, a thesis which, revised, was eventually published in 1966.

He was called up forNational Service in 1958. On 14 March 1959, following training, he wascommissioned as asecond lieutenant in theBritish Army'sIntelligence Corps. He was given theservice number 460084.^[2] He was posted toCyprus after theEOKA insurgency.

On his return to Cambridge in 1960, a chance conversation withEdmund Leach stimulated him to read deeply in the emerging approach ofstructural anthropology being formulated byClaude Lévi-Strauss. In 1965, thanks to the support ofMoses Finley, he was appointed to an assistant lectureship. Consideration of how political discourse affected the modes of scientific discourse and demonstration in Ancient Greece was a recurring theme in his methodology.

After a visit to lecture in China in 1987, Lloyd turned to the study ofClassical Chinese. This has added a broad comparative scope to his more recent work, which, following in the wake ofJoseph Needham's pioneering studies, analyses how the different political cultures of ancient China and Greece influenced the different forms of scientific discourse in those cultures.

In 1989 he was appointedmaster ofDarwin College, where he remains as an honorary fellow. Presently he spends a part of each year in his other home in Spain,^{[citation needed]} where much of his writing is now done.

Lloyd was elected aFellow of the British Academy in 1983 and awarded itsKenyon Medal in 2007.^[3] He received theGeorge Sarton Medal of theHistory of Science Society in 1987. He was elected to Honorary Foreign Membership of theAmerican Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1995, to the International Academy for the History of Science in 1997, the year in which he was knighted for 'services to the history of thought'. In 2013 he received theDan David Prize on the modern legacy of the ancient world.^[4] He is a member of the advisory board ofThe International Academic Forum. In 2013 he received theDann David Prize in recognition of his innovative and interdisciplinary research that cuts across traditional boundaries and paradigms. In 2014 he received theInternational Fyssen Prize for work in Cross-Cultural Cognition. In 2015, he was elected aFellow of the Learned Society of Wales (FLSW).^[5]

• 1966.Polarity and Analogy: Two Types of Argumentation in Early Greek Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,ISBN 0-521-05578-4; reprint Bristol Classical Press, 1922.ISBN 0-87220-140-6.
• 1968.Aristotle: The Growth and Structure of his Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,ISBN 0-521-09456-9.
• 1970.Early Greek Science: Thales to Aristotle. New York: W.W. Norton & Co.ISBN 0-393-00583-6.
• 1973.Greek Science after Aristotle. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1973.ISBN 0-393-00780-4.
• 1978.Aristotle on Mind and the Senses (Cambridge Classical Studies). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,ISBN 0-521-21669-9.
• 1978. with J. Chadwick.Hippocratic Writings (Penguin Classics). Penguin Books.ISBN 0-14-044451-3.
• 1979.Magic Reason and Experience: Studies in the Origin and Development of Greek Science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,ISBN 0-521-29641-2.
• 1983.Science, Folklore and Ideology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,ISBN 0-521-27307-2.
• 1987.The Revolutions of Wisdom: Studies in the Claims and Practice of Ancient Greek Science (Sather Classical Lectures, 52). Berkeley: University of California Press,ISBN 0-520-06742-8.
• 1990.Demystifying Mentalities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,ISBN 0-521-36680-1.
• 1991.Methods and Problems in Greek Science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,ISBN 0-521-39762-6
• 1996.Adversaries and Authorities: Investigations into ancient Greek and Chinese Science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,ISBN 0-521-55695-3.
• 1996.Aristotelian Explorations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,ISBN 0-521-55619-8.
• 2002.The Ambitions of Curiosity: Understanding the World in Ancient Greece and China. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Pr.ISBN 0-521-81542-8.
• 2002. withNathan Sivin.The Way and the Word: Science and Medicine in Early China and Greece. New Haven: Yale University. Press.ISBN 0-300-10160-0.
• 2003.In the Grip of Disease: Studies in the Greek Imagination. New York: Oxford University Press,ISBN 0-19-927587-4.
• 2004.Ancient Worlds, Modern Reflections: Philosophical Perspectives on Greek and Chinese Science and Culture. New York: Oxford University Press,ISBN 0-19-928870-4.
• 2005.The Delusions of Invulnerability: Wisdom and Morality in Ancient Greece, China and Today. London: Duckworth.ISBN 0-7156-3386-4.
• 2006.Principles And Practices in Ancient Greek And Chinese Science (Variorum Collected Studies Series). Aldershot: Ashgate.ISBN 0-86078-993-4.
• 2007.Cognitive Variations: Reflections on the Unity and Diversity of the Human Mind. New York: Oxford University PressISBN 0-19-921461-1.
• 2009.Disciplines in the Making, Oxford University Press, pp. viii + 215.ISBN 978-0-19-956787-4.
• 2012.Being, Humanity and Understanding, Oxford University Press, pp. 136.ISBN 978-0-19-965472-7.
• 2014.The Ideals of Inquiry, Oxford University Press, pp. 163.ISBN 978-0-19-870560-4.
• 2015.Analogical Investigations: Historical and Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Human Reasoning, Cambridge University Press, pp. 139.ISBN 978-1-107-10784-7.
• 2017.The Ambivalences of Rationality: Ancient and Modern Cross-Cultural Explorations, Cambridge University Press, pp. 132.ISBN 978-1108420044
• 2020.Intelligence and Intelligibility: Cross-Cultural Studies of Human Cognitive Experience, Oxford University Press, pp. 176.ISBN 978-0198854593

• Lloyd's Biography Page at the Needham Research Institute, Cambridge
• Picture of Geoffrey Lloyd
• Interview of Geoffrey Lloyd by Alan Macfarlane 7 June 2005 (video)
• Edward Grant. "1987 Sarton Medal Citation."Isis, 79(1988): 243–4.

• 1933 births
• Alumni of King's College, Cambridge
• British historians
• Fellows of the British Academy
• Fellows of King's College, Cambridge
• British scholars of ancient Greek philosophy
• Historians of science
• Knights Bachelor
• Living people
• People educated at Charterhouse School
• Masters of Darwin College, Cambridge
• Professors of the University of Cambridge
• Fellows of the Learned Society of Wales

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