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The oldest traces of settlement in the district date back to theHallstatt period. Ancient, possiblyRoman, settlement remains can be found at Hardtheimer Brünnele. The place name “Gärtringen” is of Alemannic origin, whereby the settlement is probably named after a Gartheri. Gärtringen was first mentioned in a document in 1140. Originally subject to the County ofCalw, then to the Palatine Counts ofTübingen, the municipality became a part of Württemberg in 1382.
During the district reform of Württemberg during theNazi era, Gärtringen became part of the Böblingen district in 1938. In 1945, Gärtringen became part of theAmerican occupation zone and thus belonged to the newly founded state of Baden-Württemberg, which merged into its current state in 1952.