Major Shizuo Fukui | |
|---|---|
| Native name | 福井静夫 |
| Born | 25 October 1913 Yokohama |
| Died | 4 November 1993 (age 80) |
| Allegiance |  Empire of Japan, Japan |
| Branch | Navy, Coast Guard |
| Service years | 1940–1945, 1948–1952 |
| Rank | Lieutenant Commander |
| Children | Takeo Fukui |
MajorShizuo Fukui (福井 静夫,Fukui Shizuo; 1913-1993) was aJapanese author, photographer, editor, andImperial Japanese Naval andJapanese Coast Guard officer with the rank oflieutenant commander.[1] He was most famous for his comprehensive books of allcombatant vessels and minor miscellaneous vessels in the Japanese Navy duringWorld War II andpostwar Japan. His third sonTakeo Fukui was President ofHonda R&D andHonda.[2]
Shizuo was born on 25 October 1913 inYokohama,Tokyo Prefecture, and studiedshipbuilding in the Department ofMarine Engineering at theImperial University of Tokyo, graduating in 1938. From August 1941 he served on the staff of theNaval Technical Research Institute (海軍 技術 研究所).[3] He was then sent toSingapore working at 第101 工作 部 (101st Design Division) atSeletar Naval Base, repairing ships andsweeping mines, most notably overseeing the repair of thedestroyerAmatsukaze which had lost itsbridge and front twoboiler rooms by atorpedo.[4]
He would be promoted tolieutenant in 1940, then major in 1944.
He then moved in 1945 to the Shipbuilding Department ofKure, Hiroshima, then toSigmaringen as anenvoy to theVichy Francegovernment-in-exile[5] and then toToyama, where he would be at the time ofJapan's surrender serving as inspector of the Naval Technical Office.
At the end of thewar, many official photographs taken by the Navy and drawings were strictly managed and incinerated, butMinister of the NavyMitsumasa Yonai fought for the right to form a Historical Department in the Navy withMilitary GovernorDouglas MacArthur, who ultimately agreed to allow the compiling of naval histories in a research project to collect, research, and analyse technical materials with astipend of ¥500,000. Shizuo Fukui, along with hundreds of other personnel, were nominated to complete it. On 9 March 1946, after the first paper's publication, it was reformed into a licensed corporation under theMinistry of Commerce and Industry, which would eventually lead to its collapse in the 1970s.
General MacArthur'sdemobilisation efforts compounded, and theHistorical Research Committee would face severe budgetary issues.
Shizuo would rejoin themilitary as a technical officer for the Japanese Coast Guard in 1948, retiring in 1952.
Upon his retirement he began to compile a massive volume of photographs, combining those from his personal past, those from his friends and those from the Historical Research Committee which would be published posthumously in 2005,[1] and issued 7 reports from 1954 to 1958 collectively titled "海軍造船技術概要", or "An overview of the shipbuilding of the Japanese Navy". He would collaborate on more extensive endeavours, such as the book "The Development of Japanese Warships: The Transitioning of Technology and Ships" in 1956,[6] the Showa Warship General History series in 1961,[7] and "An Overview of Shipbuilding Technology" withShigeru Makino in 1987.[8]
After this he published many more articles relating to former ships and the history of the Japanese Navy, including theDaifuku Ryumaru. He became Director of Historical Materials Research atNaval Academy Etajima in 1960, where he focused onYamato-class battleships and had Todaka officially become his subordinate.
As he got older his friendsKyoshi Nagamura andYoshiyuri Amashi, who also collected ship photographs from their tenures in the Navy both died, allowing Shizuo to use their collections to greater bolster his photobooks; however eventually his age caught up with him as well. He became paralysed, and asked Todaka, his younger of 35 years to donate his works to theYamato Museum post-mortem. When he died on 4 November 1993 aged 80, his family, along with Todaka, honoured his wish donating his enormous inventory of immeasurable historical and cultural value in 400-500 cardboard boxes.
Shizuo was criticised over the years by his peers for possibly covering up information allowing other aspiring photographers to access the documents, exaggerating how much of a collection he actually had, and even falsifying photographs. For example, in 1958 he claimed he had 10,000 photographs, and by the time of his death amassing 20,000.[9] However, Shizuo refused to provide the Japanese magazineShips of the World[10] any documents or photographs backing up the claim, leading to criticism byToshio Tamura andAkira Endo in the readers' post section appearing from 1979 to 1981.
The doubt was primarily cast on the legitimacy of some of the photographs, chief among them one of the Japanese cruiserŌyodo, which was accused of being either falsified or stolen, as there are still no historical records of the actual author. In addition to the claim, made in August 1979, a "大和創世記" or "Yamato Revelation" was declared, questioning some of Shizuo's photographs of theYamato-class battleship in the November issue. In turn, Shizuo called for the firing of Tamura and Endo in 1980.
Eventually, Shizuo was found innocent as it was discovered Endo, too, kept the official drawing of a destroyer to himself, and that Shizuo wrote in 1958 his plans to donate "dozens or hundreds of separate volumes" of his photos in an area "meaning that anyone can easily obtain [them]". Endo was officially denounced byShips of the World, and temporarily banned from writing new articles. However, after Shizuo died, his promise was mostly unfulfilled, as despite his writings in 1958, he donated nothing tothe National Diet Library, and nothing to theNational Institute for Defense Studies. As a result, it is still unknown whether his criticism was valid. The final magazine issue publicly criticising Shizuo was in 1996 by educators and researchers throughGakken.
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