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Frovatriptan

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Chemical compound

Pharmaceutical compound
Frovatriptan
Clinical data
Trade namesFrova
Other namesSB-209509; SB209509; EN-3266; EN3266; VML-251; VML251
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa604013
License data
Pregnancy
category
Routes of
administration
Oral
Drug classSerotonin5-HT1B,5-HT1D,5-HT1F, and5-HT7 receptoragonist
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability20–30%
MetabolismLiver
Eliminationhalf-life26–30 hours[1]
ExcretionKidney
Identifiers
  • (+)-(R)-3-Methylamino-6-carboxamido-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole
CAS Number
PubChemCID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard(EPA)
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC14H17N3O
Molar mass243.310 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • CN[C@@H]3CCc2[nH]c1ccc(C(N)=O)cc1c2C3
  • InChI=1S/C14H17N3O/c1-16-9-3-5-13-11(7-9)10-6-8(14(15)18)2-4-12(10)17-13/h2,4,6,9,16-17H,3,5,7H2,1H3,(H2,15,18)/t9-/m1/s1 checkY
  • Key:XPSQPHWEGNHMSK-SECBINFHSA-N checkY
  (verify)

Frovatriptan, sold under the brand nameFrova among others, is atriptanmedication developed byVernalis for the treatment ofmigraineheadaches[2] and for short term prevention ofmenstrual migraine.[3][4] The product is licensed toEndo Pharmaceuticals in North America andMenarini in Europe.[5]

Medical uses

[edit]

Frovatriptan is used in the treatment ofmigraine.

Available forms

[edit]

It is available as 2.5 mg tablets.

Contraindications

[edit]

Frovatriptan should not be given to patients with:

  • Ischemic heart disease
  • Cerebrovascular syndrome
  • Peripheral vascular disease
  • Uncontrolled hypertension
  • Hemiplegic or basilar migraine

Side effects

[edit]

Rare, but serious cardiac events have been reported in patients with risk factors predictive of CAD. These include: coronary artery vasospasm, transient myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction,ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.

Pharmacology

[edit]

Pharmacodynamics

[edit]
Further information:Serotonin receptor agonist andTriptan § Mechanism of action
Frovatriptan activities
TargetAffinity (Ki, nM)
5-HT1A50–62 (Ki)
759–>10,000 (EC50Tooltip half-maximal effective concentration)
38% (EmaxTooltip maximal efficacy)
5-HT1B2.5–46 (Ki)
6.3–20 (EC50)
92% (
Emax)
5-HT1D1.7–10 (Ki)
2–5 (EC50)
98% (
Emax)
5-HT1E>1,000 (Ki)
6,610–>10,000 (EC50)
44% (
Emax)
5-HT1F63–120 (Ki)
79–447 (EC50)
46% (
Emax)
5-HT2A>10,000 (Ki)
>10,000 (EC50)
5-HT2B>10,000 (Ki)
>10,000 (EC50)
5-HT2C>5,000 (Ki)
ND (EC50)
5-HT3>1,000 (mouse/rat)
5-HT4ND
5-HT5AND
5-HT6ND
5-HT7107–200 (Ki)
38 (EC50)
α1>10,000 (rat)
α1Aα1DND
α2Aα2CND
β1β3ND
D1>10,000
D2>10,000
D3>10,000
D4D5ND
H1>10,000 (guinea pig)
H2H4ND
M1M5ND
I1,I2ND
σ1,σ2ND
TAAR1Tooltip Trace amine-associated receptor 1ND
SERTTooltip Serotonin transporterND
NETTooltip Norepinephrine transporterND
DATTooltip Dopamine transporterND
Notes: The smaller the value, the more avidly the drug binds to the site. All proteins are human unless otherwise specified.Refs:[6][7][1][8][4][9][10]
[11][12][13][14][15]

Frovatriptan is aserotonin receptoragonist, with highaffinity for theserotonin5-HT1B and5-HT1D receptors and with weaker activity at the serotonin5-HT1F receptor.[12] It has no significant effects on the GABAA mediated channel activity andbenzodiazepine binding sites.[citation needed] Frovatriptan inhibits excessive dilation of arteries that supply blood to the head.[citation needed] Uniquely among most triptans, frovatriptan is also a relativelypotentserotonin5-HT7 receptoragonist.[12] It is inactive at the serotonin5-HT2A and5-HT2B receptors.[12]

Pharmacokinetics

[edit]

Frovatriptan has a terminalelimination half-life of approximately 26 hours, making it the longest within its class.[16]

Chemistry

[edit]

Frovatriptan'schemical structure is unusual amongtriptans, with other triptans being simpletryptamines or closely related compounds but frovatriptan instead being atricycliccyclized tryptamine andtetrahydrocarbazolaminederivative.[17] It can be thought of as a 5-substituted andside chain-cyclizedderivative ofN-methyltryptamine (NMT).[17]

The experimentallog P of frovatriptan is 0.9 and its predicted log P is 1.2.[18]

History

[edit]

Frovatriptan was first described in thescientific literature by 1997.[19][20][21] It was approved for medical use in theUnited States in 2001.[22]

Society and culture

[edit]

Legal status

[edit]

Frovatriptan is available only byprescription in the United States and Canada.[23]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abTfelt-Hansen P, De Vries P, Saxena PR (December 2000). "Triptans in migraine: a comparative review of pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and efficacy".Drugs.60 (6):1259–1287.doi:10.2165/00003495-200060060-00003.PMID 11152011.
  2. ^Allais G, Benedetto C (2016)."Spotlight on frovatriptan: a review of its efficacy in the treatment of migraine".Drug Design, Development and Therapy.10:3225–3236.doi:10.2147/DDDT.S105932.PMC 5055118.PMID 27757013.
  3. ^MacGregor EA (2014)."A review of frovatriptan for the treatment of menstrual migraine".International Journal of Women's Health.6:523–35.doi:10.2147/IJWH.S63444.PMC 4039425.PMID 24904224.
  4. ^abCole P, Rabasseda X (September 2002). "Frovatriptan: a selective type 1B/1D serotonin receptor agonist for the treatment of migraine headache".Drugs Today (Barc).38 (9):615–629.doi:10.1358/dot.2002.38.9.696537.PMID 12582449.
  5. ^"Frova". Vernalis. Archived fromthe original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved28 November 2007.
  6. ^Liu T."Simple Search Results".BindingDB. Retrieved28 July 2025.
  7. ^De Vries P, Villalón CM, Saxena PR (1999). "Pharmacology of triptans".Emerging Drugs.4 (1):107–125.doi:10.1517/14728214.4.1.107.ISSN 1361-9195.
  8. ^Saxena PR, Tfelt-Hansen P (2001)."Success and failure of triptans".The Journal of Headache and Pain.2 (1):3–11.doi:10.1007/s101940170040.ISSN 1129-2369.PMC 3611827.
  9. ^van den Brink M (22 December 1999)."Coronary Side Effects of Antimigraine Drugs From Patient to Receptor".RePub, Erasmus University Repository. Retrieved19 June 2025.Table 1.2 Receptor binding properties (pKi values) of sumatriptan and second-generation triptans at 5-HT receptors. [...]
  10. ^van den Broek RW (13 March 2002)."Vascular Effects of Antimigraine Drugs: pharmacology of human in vitro models in migraine".RePub, Erasmus University Repository. Retrieved19 June 2025.Table 1.2 Receptor binding properties (pKi values) of the triptans at human 5-HT receptors. [...]
  11. ^Nelson DL, Phebus LA, Johnson KW, Wainscott DB, Cohen ML, Calligaro DO, et al. (October 2010). "Preclinical pharmacological profile of the selective 5-HT1F receptor agonist lasmiditan".Cephalalgia.30 (10):1159–1169.doi:10.1177/0333102410370873.PMID 20855361.
  12. ^abcdRubio-Beltrán E, Labastida-Ramírez A, Haanes KA, van den Bogaerdt A, Bogers AJ, Zanelli E, et al. (December 2019)."Characterization of binding, functional activity, and contractile responses of the selective 5-HT1F receptor agonist lasmiditan".British Journal of Pharmacology.176 (24):4681–4695.doi:10.1111/bph.14832.PMC 6965684.PMID 31418454.TABLE 1 Summary of pIC50 (negative logarithm of the molar concentration of these compounds at which 50% of the radioligand is displaced) and pKi (negative logarithm of the molar concentration of the Ki ) values of individual antimigraine drugs at 5‐HT receptors [...] TABLE 2 Summary of pEC50 values of cAMP (5‐HT1A/B/E/F and 5‐HT7), GTPγS (5‐HT1A/B/D/E/F), and IP (5‐HT2) assays of individual antimigraine drugs at 5‐HT receptors [...]
  13. ^Reuter U, Neeb L (2012)."Lasmiditan hydrochloride".Drugs of the Future.37 (10): 709.doi:10.1358/dof.2012.037.010.1873629.ISSN 0377-8282. Retrieved19 June 2025.
  14. ^Mitsikostas DD, Ward TN (2024). "Evidence-based symptomatic treatment of migraine".Migraine Management. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Vol. 199. pp. 203–218.doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-823357-3.00004-5.ISBN 978-0-12-823357-3.PMID 38307647.
  15. ^Comer MB (April 2002). "Pharmacology of the selective 5-HT(1B/1D) agonist frovatriptan".Headache.42 (Suppl 2):S47 –S53.doi:10.1046/j.1526-4610.42.s2.2.x.PMID 12028320.
  16. ^Balbisi E (September 2006)."Frovatriptan: A Review of Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Potential in the Treatment of Menstrual Migraine".Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management.2 (3):303–308.doi:10.2147/tcrm.2006.2.3.303.PMC 1936266.PMID 18360605.
  17. ^abDeleu D, Hanssens Y (July 2000). "Current and emerging second-generation triptans in acute migraine therapy: a comparative review".J Clin Pharmacol.40 (7):687–700.doi:10.1177/00912700022009431.PMID 10883409.
  18. ^"Frovatriptan".PubChem. Retrieved29 July 2025.
  19. ^Brown, A. M., Parsons, A. A., Raval, P., Porter, R., Tilford, N. S., Gager, T. L., ... & King, F. D. (1996, October). SB 209509 (VML 251), a potent constrictor of rabbit basilar artery with high affinity and selectivity for human 5-HT1D receptors. In BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY (Vol. 119, pp. P110-P110).
  20. ^Parsons AA, Parker SG, Raval P, Campbell CA, Lewis VA, Griffiths R, et al. (July 1997). "Comparison of the cardiovascular effects of the novel 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor agonist, SB 209509 (VML251), and sumatriptan in dogs".J Cardiovasc Pharmacol.30 (1):136–141.doi:10.1097/00005344-199707000-00020.PMID 9268233.
  21. ^Parsons AA, Raval P, Smith S, Tilford N, King FD, Kaumann AJ, et al. (August 1998). "Effects of the novel high-affinity 5-HT(1B/1D)-receptor ligand frovatriptan in human isolated basilar and coronary arteries".J Cardiovasc Pharmacol.32 (2):220–224.doi:10.1097/00005344-199808000-00008.PMID 9700983.
  22. ^"Drug Approval Package: Frova (Frovatriptan) NDA #21-006".accessdata.fda.gov. 20 November 2001. Retrieved28 July 2025.
  23. ^"Patient Information Sheet -- Frovatriptan succinate (marketed as Frova)". Food and Drug Administration. July 2006. Archived fromthe original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved28 November 2007.
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