Front for Victory Frente para la Victoria | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Abbreviation | FPV |
| Leader | Cristina Fernández de Kirchner |
| Founder | Néstor Kirchner |
| Founded | 1 March 2003 (2003-03-01) |
| Dissolved | 12 June 2019 (2019-06-12) |
| Succeeded by | Citizen's Unity |
| Headquarters | Riobamba 460 2º A,Buenos Aires |
| Youth wing | La Cámpora |
| Membership(2012) | 153,000 |
| Ideology | |
| Political position | |
| Members | List
|
TheFront for Victory (Spanish:Frente para la Victoria, FPV) was aleft-wing[16]Peronistelectoral alliance[17] inArgentina, and is formally a faction of theJusticialist Party.[18] FormerpresidentsNéstor Kirchner andCristina Fernández de Kirchner were elected as representatives of this party.[19]
The Front for Victory is ideologically identified with what has been calledKirchnerism. Legally, the Front should not be confused with theVictory Party, which is just one of the political parties in it.
Due to internal disagreements over leadership, the Justicialist Party did not participate as such in the2003 presidential elections, so the Front for Victory was established on behalf of the presidential candidacy of Néstor Kirchner, in opposition to two other Peronist tickets (Carlos Menem'sFront for Loyalty andAdolfo Rodríguez Saá'sFront of the Popular Movement).[1]
At the2005 legislative elections the FPV, again running against other Peronist lists, won 50 of the 127 electeddeputies (out of 257) and 14 of the 24 electedsenators (out of 72), thus obtaining the majority in both Houses ofCongress.[20]
At the2007 presidential election, FPV rallied through thePlural Consensus alliance, including non-PJ candidates. Its presidential candidate Cristina Fernández de Kirchner won the Presidency on the first round, obtaining 45.29% of the total votes, some 22% ahead of her nearest challenger (Elisa Carrió for theCivic Coalition alliance), this being the widest margin any candidate had got on any modern election held in Argentina at that time.
At the 2009 mid-termlegislative election, the FPV lost its congressional majorities in both chambers, gaining just 30.80% of the national votes, thus narrowly becoming the first minority party at theArgentine National Congress, while theCivic and Social Agreement (ACyS) alliance arrived a close second.
At theOctober 2011 elections, however, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner secured her re-election with 54.11% of the votes in the first round (a percentage only surpassed in Argentina byJuan Perón andHipólito Yrigoyen), and a 38% lead over her nearest challenger (Hermes Binner of theBroad Progressive Front alliance), much widening its former performance of 2007. With 11,864,456 votes, Cristina Fernández also became the most voted person in the history of Argentine democracy, and the FPV achieved a first-time third consecutive mandate for aPeronist alliance.
At the2013 legislative election, the FPV and its allies marginally won the elections, maintaining its dominance over both chambers of the Congress.
The Front for Victory has a Declaration of Principles[21] headed by the motto: "Argentina, conviction and ability to build a new country."
The coalition has been described as left-wing progressive and Peronist in its poltical orientation. The main postulates of the front were increases of basic salary, expanding the coverage and lowering requirements necessary for retirement and pension, universal public healthcare, implementation of nuclear energy network, increasing spending on education, and protective policies for women and the elderly.[22]
The FPV takes its principles from what it calls an "intolerable" gap between the rich and the poor, and questions the role of those political parties allied to the regime in the2001 crisis that affected the country. Hence "the vital need of deepening a process of social justice, which by leaving behind a past most Argentines want to overcome, will allow the construction of a new space for political and institutional management in Argentina".
The Declaration of Principles finishes explaining that "imagining and building a new country requires conviction and ability for joining the pieces of a fragmented society and the will to do so, not from a single political party, but from the formation of a broad national front which can bring us back as a Nation this Argentina that can't wait any longer".
The Front for Victory is composed by :
In 2003 the FPV with the candidacy of Nestor Kirchner came second in the presidential elections with 22% of the vote, behind former president Carlos Menem with 24%. As provided in the Constitution, corresponded settling the election in a runoff, but Menem, with polls favoring Kirchner by more than 60%, withdrew from it, being for that reason elected President of Argentina, Nestor Carlos Kirchner, for the period 2003-10 December 2007.
At that time (2003) Front of Victory had the decisive support of the leaders of Buenos Aires with involvement of the "duhaldismo", political force of whom until then was President Eduardo Duhalde. In the 2005 elections (governors and legislators) there was a break between the Peronist Kirchner and Duhalde, which led to the exclusion of the latter from the Front for Victory and electoral confrontation between the two sectors. The decision to move against corporate economic, agricultural and livestock sector employers of soybean roots caused the confrontation. In 2005, FPV presented as presidential candidate Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner, while duhaldismo introduced Hilda "Chiche" González de Duhalde, the wife of the former president, being Cristina the first winner by a large margin.
During the Kirchner administration an advance payment of the total debt to the International Monetary Fund was made, declaring the aim of ending the subjection of the respective national economic policies to the international body.[23] Afterwards a swap debt is performed, which began renegotiations for the bonds that had been in default since 2001.
As a symbol of his administration, pursued an active policy to promote human rights. His government incorporated members of recognized human rights organization and prompted the prosecution of those responsible for crimes against humanity that occurred during the 70s, made by the Triple A and the government ofNational Reorganization Process. To carry it out, supporters in Congress voted the cancellation of the laws of Due Obedience and Full Stop,[24][better source needed] which had remained restraining such judgments since the government of Raul Alfonsin. This decision was subsequently ratified by the Judicial.[25][better source needed]
Regarding international policy, in November of that year was held in Mar del Plata the IV Summit of the Americas, where Kirchner said a rejection of the ALCA, proposed by the United States. This is considered the foundational moment for UNASUR.[26][better source needed]
Nestor Carlos Kirchner died on 27 October 2010. He was 60 years old.
On 18 July 2007, Senator of FPV, Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner was presented as the alliance's candidate for the presidential elections of October.[27]
On 28 October the candidate of the Front for Victory, Cristina Fernandez won the general election with 45.29%, leading by over 22 points to Elisa Carrio (Civic Coalition). The formula was imposed in almost all provincial districts and thus became the first woman elected to the office of President of Argentina. She assumed this role on 10 December 2007.
One of the first steps taken by President Fernandez was the creation of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, designating responsible Lino Barañao, a renowned molecular biologist. The move was accompanied by the announcement of the creation of a scientific-technological centre in Buenos Aires, composed of three institutes: Social and Human Sciences, Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology and Sciences Tecnológicas.[28]
On the 11 March 2008, the Argentine Economy Minister Martin Lousteau, announced the enactment of Resolution 125 / In the month of March 2008 was passed Resolution 125/2008,[29] establishing a new system of export duties on exports, holding its increase or decrease to international price developments. This caused a conflict with the large estate owners from the agricultural sector, who protested against the government's decision to change the tax system of exports. During the protest, the landowners and main producers declared a series of measures such as roadblocks for national disruption of basic food supply and of long distance transportation and agricultural exports, making partial lockouts (lock out) of roadblocks and other ports and direct action measures.[30] President Cristina Fernandez suspended the resolution and sent Congress a bill on the tax on exports of grains and compensation for small and medium producers, so it was the legislature that ultimately resolved the situation. The project received preliminary approval in Congress, but the vote in the Senate was not successful, scoring the equalizer in the vote, and was the vice president of the Nation Julio Cleto Cobos (President of the Senate), who had negative tie by voting against the project.
The government focused on making social action measures, among which we can highlight the Connect Equality program by ANSES (Social Security Administration) consisting of the delivery and commissioning of two million netbooks with Internet access to all public elementary and secondary schools. The Universal Child Allowance, which generalizes the family allowance per child for all children under 18 whose parents are unemployed or work in the informal economy for pay no more than the minimum wage, vital and mobile, including monotributistas.[31] This benefit was extended to pregnant women over 12 weeks gestation.
Along with these, there were also redistributive public policies, such as increasing the percentage of GDP spent on education which grew from 3.64% in 2003 to 6.02% in 2010. In absolute terms, increased from 14.501 million pesos in 2003 to 89,924,000 pesos in 2010, a 520% more. School construction, between 2003 and 2010 were built over a thousand schools benefiting half a million students, the second period of increased school construction in the history of Argentina.[32] It also promoted the adoption of the Law of mobility retirement, which sets a minimum of two annual increases in pensions. In addition, measures were taken as the recovery of Aerolineas Argentinas and Austral Airlines, which was proposed by a bill introduced by President Fernández to rescue companies, by approving the agreement between the National Government and the group Interinvest on 17 July 2008, whereby the Argentine government acquired the shares of these and other related companies. Also through another law, renationalized the Military Aircraft Factory (FMA), given under concession to U.S. company Lockheed Martin in 1995.[33] In 2009, the parliament sent the draft Law on Audiovisual Communication Services, which came to displace the old Media Law, which was passed by the de facto government of Jorge Rafael Videla. - The bill was debated in about 30 forums across the length and breadth of the country, which exposed citizens, journalists, owners of radio and TV channels, and managed to introduce some 140 amendments on a 150-points proposal. - Finally the bill was passed by a comfortable majority in both legislative chambers. - The project raged the government's confrontation with the major media outlets of Argentina, facing a strong campaign to discredit her image. - In 2011, the confrontation with the media worsened after boosting in parliament a bill to declare of public interest the manufacture of paper for newsprint. - Finally, the law was passed and Papel Prensa, the only producer of the product in Argentina, to then in the hands of the two major newspapers in the country, went on to provide the material at the same price to all who required it daily. - In terms of sovereignty, Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner has taken steps towards resuming negotiations with the United Kingdom over the Falkland Islands. - On 16 April 2012 announced the involvement in the oil company YPF (Fiscal Oilfields), whose majority stake was owned by the Spanish company Repsol, which had previously been questioned by deficiencies in oil supplies and new explorations. Also sent to Congress a bill to expropriate 51% of the shares and regain state control over the nonrenewable natural resource. - The announcement drew a resounding support from the public and most of the political spectrum, both the ruling party and opposition. - Finally, the draft became law by a large majority in both houses of parliament. -
| Election year | Candidate(s) | First Round | Second Round | Result | Note | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # votes | % vote | # votes | % vote | ||||
| 2003 | Néstor Kirchner | 4,312,517 | 22.25 | Unopposed |  Y2nd-R Unopposed | a faction of PJ | |
| 2007 | Cristina Kirchner | 8,651,066 | 45.29 | YElected | a faction of PJ | ||
| 2011 | Cristina Kirchner | 11,865,055 | 54.11 | YElected | a faction of PJ | ||
| 2015 | Daniel Scioli | 9,338,490 | 37.08 | 12,317,330 | 48.66 |  NLost | a faction of PJ |
| Election year | votes | % | seats won | Total seats | Position | Presidency | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2003 | 5,511,420 | 35.1 | 58 / 130 | 129 / 257 | Majority | Eduardo Duhalde (PJ) | including the other PJ factions |
| 2005 | 5,071,094 | 29.9 | 50 / 127 | 75 / 257 | Minority | Néstor Kirchner (FPV—PJ) | |
| 2007 | 5,557,087 | 56 / 130 | 106 / 257 | Minority | Néstor Kirchner (FPV—PJ) | ||
| 2009 | 1,679,084 | 8.8 | 14 / 127 | 70 / 257 | Minority | Cristina Kirchner (FPV—PJ) | |
| 2011 | 10,121,311 | 49.1 | 76 / 130 | 90 / 257 | Minority | Cristina Kirchner (FPV—PJ) | |
| 2013 | 7,487,839 | 33.2 | 42 / 127 | 132 / 257 | Majority | Cristina Kirchner (FPV—PJ) | |
| 2015 | 8,237,074 | 60 / 130 | 96 / 257 | Minority | Cristina Kirchner (FPV—PJ) |
| Election year | votes | % | seats won | Total seats | Position | Presidency | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2003 | 1,852,456 | 40.7 | 13 / 24 | 41 / 72 | Majority | Eduardo Duhalde (PJ) | including the other PJ factions |
| 2005 | 3,572,361 | 45.1 | 14 / 24 | 14 / 72 | Minority | Néstor Kirchner (FPV—PJ) | |
| 2007 | 1,048,187 | 8 / 24 | 22 / 72 | Minority | Néstor Kirchner (FPV—PJ) | ||
| 2009 | 756,695 | 4 / 24 | 12 / 72 | Minority | Cristina Kirchner (FPV—PJ) | ||
| 2011 | 5,470,241 | 54.6 | 13 / 24 | 24 / 72 | Minority | Cristina Kirchner (FPV—PJ) | |
| 2013 | 1,608,866 | 32.1 | 11 / 24 | 40 / 72 | Majority | Cristina Kirchner (FPV—PJ) | |
| 2015 | 12 / 24 | 39 / 72 | Majority | Cristina Kirchner (FPV—PJ) |
The FPV is a left-wing populist coalition pri-marily composed of members from the Partido Justicialista (Justicialist Party, also known as Peronism').
Composed of left-leaning Peronists and minor progressive parties, the FpV presented a left-wing populist platform, articulated around the need for a deep national renovation in the wake of the 1998–2002 economic crisis (Aytaç and Onis 2014; Frente para la Victoria 2011).
The FPV is a left-wing populist coalition pri-marily composed of members from the Partido Justicialista (Justicialist Party, also known as Peronism').
Composed of left-leaning Peronists and minor progressive parties, the FpV presented a left-wing populist platform, articulated around the need for a deep national renovation in the wake of the 1998–2002 economic crisis (Aytaç and Onis 2014; Frente para la Victoria 2011).
In the process, he essentially created a new left "movement party"—the Frente Para la Victoria—that was located partially within Peronism but also partially outside it and very much in tension with the PJ's old-guard, non-Kirchnerista (and more conservative) leadership factions.
However, from 2003 to 2015, the main party in Argentina that has played a leading role is the Justicialist Party. This party formed a coalition called the Front of Victory, a progressive-Left political ideology and Peronist orientation. This progressive coalition won the presidential elections of the years 2003 (Nestor Kirchner), 2007, and 2011 (Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner).
Argentina's government at the time, led by Cristina Fernández de Kirchner of the leftist Frente para la Victoria (FPV) faction of the Peronist party, took an uncompromising position on the issue.
In 2004 under the President of the leftist Front for Victory party, Nestor Kirchner, the process of transforming this object into a space of memory, popularization, and protection of human rights began, on the territory of which a museum, the national archive of historical memory and offices of human rights NGOs are located.
The aim of this thesis was to study the political discourse of two left-wing parties in power in Europe and Latin America, SYRIZA (Greece), and Frente para la Victoria (Argentina) in the beginning of the 21st century.
In Argentina, Macri won the 2015 election by only 3 percentage points (51.4 percent versus 48.5 percent) in a runoff against Daniel Scioli, the candidate representing the incumbent Front for Victory (Frente para la Victoria), a left faction of the Peronist Party.
The party has two opposing factions, the right-wing "federal Peronist" front, and the left-wing "Front for Victory."
Two of them, right-wing PRO (Propuesta Republicana) and left-wing FPV (Frente para la Victoria), had uncontested primaries.
Speaking to thousands of supporters in a packed soccer stadium, Mrs. Kirchner stumped for the candidates who will represent her left-wing coalition, the FPV, in October's vote.
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