Fritz Schäffer | |
|---|---|
 Schäffer on a CDU election poster | |
| Minister President ofBavaria | |
| In office 28 May 1945 – 28 September 1945 | |
| Preceded by | Paul Giesler |
| Succeeded by | Wilhelm Hoegner |
| Minister of Finance | |
| In office 20 September 1949 – 29 October 1957 | |
| Chancellor | Konrad Adenauer |
| Preceded by | Position reestablished |
| Succeeded by | Franz Etzel |
| Minister of Justice | |
| In office 29 October 1957 – 14 November 1961 | |
| Chancellor | Konrad Adenauer |
| Preceded by | Hans-Joachim von Merkatz |
| Succeeded by | Wolfgang Stammberger |
| Bavarian Minister of Finance | |
| In office 16 September 1931 – 16 March 1933 | |
| President | Heinrich Held |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1888-05-12)12 May 1888 |
| Died | 29 March 1967(1967-03-29) (aged 78) |
| Nationality | German |
| Political party | Christian Social Union (from 1945) |
| Other political affiliations | Bavarian People's Party (1918–1933) |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  German Empire |
| Branch/service | German Army |
| Years of service | 1915–1916 |
| Battles/wars | World War I |
Fritz Schäffer (12 May 1888 – 29 March 1967) was a Germanpolitician of theBavarian People's Party (BVP) and theChristian Social Union (CSU). He was the Bavarian Minister of Finance from 1931 to 1933, when the Nazis came to power in Berlin. In 1945 he became the firstMinister President ofBavaria to hold office after the end of theSecond World War. From 1949 to 1957, he was the West German federal Minister of Finance and, from 1957 to 1961, federal Minister of Justice.
Fritz Schäffer was born in 1888 as the son of Gottfried Schäffer and Amalia Mayr. He went to school inIngolstadt,Munich andNeuburg an der Donau, afterwards studying law in Munich. He joined as a volunteer the BavarianInfanterie-Leib-Regiment in 1915. After service inSerbia andTyrol, he was wounded atVerdun in May 1916 and released from army service.
Schäffer started working for the Bavarian state government in 1917. He married Else Dyroff in September 1917.
From 1918 to 1933, Schäffer was a member of the BVP. In 1929, he became chairman of this Bavarian regionalist party. From 1920 to 1933, he was a member of theLandtag of Bavaria. In his early political career, he made some anti-Semitic speeches, a fact that would haunt him in his later political life. Nevertheless, he opposed the Nazis' rise to power in Bavaria and took part in the formation of theBayernwacht in 1931, an organisation aimed at protecting conservative politicians from the SA. He aimed at forming a coalition, which would include theNazi Party and theCentre Party, arguing that such a step would neutralise the Nazi party to some extent. After this failed, he attempted to elevate the last Bavarian crown prince,Rupprecht, to the dictatorial position ofStaatskommissar. The move ultimately failed due to the resistance of Bavarian prime minister,Heinrich Held, who feared that Schäffer would be made prime minister in his stead.
In 1933, Schäffer found himself imprisoned for his actions against the Nazis. He was imprisoned from 1933 until 1934, after which he worked as a lawyer. He was imprisoned again inDachau concentration camp after the20 July Plot until the end of World War II, from August to October 1944.
In 1945 he was among the founders of the CSU. He was engaged in continuous strife with the party leader,Josef Müller over party politics. Müller wished to make the party multi-confessional, while Schäffer tried to move it towards a revival of the Catholic-dominated BVP. He was made the first postwar prime minister of Bavaria by GeneralGeorge S. Patton in 1945, but was relieved of his post by GeneralDwight D. Eisenhower after a couple of months, when his anti-Semitic past became known. Eisenhower, unlike Patton, also disliked the fact that Schäffer hired ex-Nazis for his administration.[1][2] He was barred from politics by the US authorities until 1948, accused of being a Nazi sympathizer. He managed to clear himself of this charge and reentered politics afterwards.
From 1949 to 1961, he was a member of theBundestag. He became Minister of Finance of the new Federal Republic of Germany in 1949 and held this post until 1957. In 1957, after elections,Konrad Adenauer,chancellor of Germany, attempted to remove Schäffer from his cabinet as his tight fiscal policies were felt as a hindrance to Germany's economic growth. After political negotiations, Schäffer was awarded the justice ministry instead.[3]
During his time as German Minister of Finance, he became the second-most powerful man in federal politics. He was known for his tight fiscal policies, aimed at keeping the German currency stable. In this role, he strongly resisted any reparation claims to victims of the Nazi reign.[4] After German rearmament, Schäffer was engaged in many arguments about defense spending, often irritating hisNATO partners by his refusals to allocate more money to it.[2]
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Prime Minister of Bavaria 1945 | Succeeded by |
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