Michael Louis Friendly (born 1945) is an American-Canadianpsychologist, Professor ofPsychology atYork University in Ontario, Canada, and director of its Statistical Consulting Service, especially known for his contributions to graphical methods for categorical and multivariate data, and on the history ofdata andinformation visualisation.[1][2]
Born inNew York City, Friendly obtained his BS in 1966 from theRensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and his MS in 1969 fromPrinceton University. In 1971/2 he also obtained his PhD in psychology at Princeton under supervision ofHarold Gulliksen and Peter Ornstein, with the thesis titled "Proximity Analysis and the Structure of Organization in Free Recall."[3][4]
Friendly's first research project in the field ofpsychometrics andcognitive psychology had started at theEducational Testing Service andPrinceton University, and was made possible by a Psychometric Fellowship awarded by the Educational Testing Service. After graduation Friendly jointed the Department of Psychology at theYork University in Ontario, Canada, where he continued his research. At the York University he was appointed Associate Professor and later on Professor of Psychology, and since 1985 also director of its Statistical Consulting Service.
Friendly's research interests have developed over years. It started in the 1970s with the application of quantitative and computer methods to problems incognitive psychology, including the cognitive aspects of extracting information from graphical displays.[6] In the 1990s Friendly started focussing on the history of statistics and data visualization, and furthermore graphical methods for data and information visualization.[7]
Friendly, Michael (1988).Advanced logo : a language for learning. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.ISBN0-89859-933-4.OCLC15316932.
Friendly, Michael (1991).SAS system for statistical graphics. SAS Institute (1st ed.). Cary, NC: SAS Institute.ISBN1-59047-496-1.OCLC56884186.
Friendly, Michael (2000).Visualizing categorical data. Cary, NC: SAS Institute.ISBN1580256600.OCLC176044938.
Young, Forrest W.; Valero-Mora, Pedro; Friendly, Michael (2006).Visual statistics : seeing data with dynamic interactive graphics. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley-Interscience.ISBN0-471-68160-1.OCLC64689034.
Friendly, Michael (2016).Discrete data analysis with R : visualization and modeling techniques for categorical and count data. David Meyer. Boca Raton.ISBN978-1-4987-2583-5.OCLC912377273.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)Support web site
Friendly, Michael; Wainer, Howard (2021).A history of data visualization and graphic communication. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.ISBN978-0-674-25903-4.OCLC1251175126.
1991. "Interpreting higher order interactions in loglinear analysis: A picture is worth 1000 words". With John Fox. Tech. rep., Institute for Social Research, York University, Toronto, CA.
1992. "Graphical methods for categorical data". In:Proceedings of the SAS User's Group International Conference, 17:1367-1373.
2000. "The roots and branches of statistical graphics". With Dan Denis. In:Journal de la Société Française de Statistique, 141(4):51-60. (published in 2001).
2007. "A brief history of data visualization". In: C. Chen, Wolfgang Härdle and Antony Unwin, eds.,Handbook of Computational Statistics: Data Visualization, vol. III, chap. 1, pp. 1–34. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.
^"Archived copy"(PDF). October 29, 2017.Archived(PDF) from the original on September 26, 2018. RetrievedJuly 7, 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
