Fredric March | |
|---|---|
 March in 1940 | |
| Born | Ernest Frederick McIntyre Bickel (1897-08-31)August 31, 1897 Racine, Wisconsin, U.S. |
| Died | April 14, 1975(1975-04-14) (aged 77) Los Angeles,California, U.S. |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1921–1973 |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouses | |
| Children | 2 |
Fredric March (bornErnest Frederick McIntyre Bickel; August 31, 1897 – April 14, 1975) was an American actor, regarded as one of Hollywood's most celebrated stars of the 1930s and 1940s.[1][2] As a performer he was known for his versatility. He received numerous accolades including twoAcademy Awards, aGolden Globe Award, twoTony Awards, twoVolpi Cups, theSilver Bear, as well as nominations for threeBAFTA Awards and threeEmmy Awards.
March began his career in 1920, by working as an extra in movies filmed in New York City. He made his stage debut onBroadway in 1926 at the age of 29, and by the end of the decade, he had signed a film contract withParamount Pictures. He made seven pictures in 1929. He went on to receivetwoAcademy Awards, for his performances inDr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1931) andThe Best Years of Our Lives (1946). His other Oscar-nominated performances were in the filmsThe Royal Family of Broadway (1930),A Star is Born (1937), andDeath of a Salesman (1951).
March gained popularity after establishing himself withleading man roles in films such asHonor Among Lovers (1931),Merrily We Go to Hell (1932),Design for Living (1933),Death Takes a Holiday,The Barretts of Wimpole Street (both 1934),Les Misérables,Anna Karenina,The Dark Angel (all 1935),Nothing Sacred (1937), andI Married a Witch (1942). His later film roles includeExecutive Suite,The Bridges at Toko-Ri (both 1954),The Desperate Hours (1955),Inherit the Wind (1960), andSeven Days in May (1964). He made his final film appearance inThe Iceman Cometh (1973).
March was also known for his stage roles; he made hisBroadway debut in the playThe Melody Man (1926), and during his stage career he twice won theTony Award for Best Actor in a Play, for his performances in theRuth Gordon playYears Ago (1947) and inEugene O'Neill'sLong Day's Journey into Night (1956). He andHelen Hayes are the only actors to have won both the Academy Award and the Tony Award twice.
March was born inRacine, Wisconsin, the son of Cora Brown Marcher (1863–1936), a schoolteacher from England,[3] and John F. Bickel (1859–1941), a devoutPresbyterian Churchelder who worked in the wholesale hardware business.[4] March attended the Winslow Elementary School (established in 1855),Racine High School, and theUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison,[citation needed] where he was a member ofAlpha Delta Phi.[5]
March served in theUnited States Army duringWorld War I as an artillery lieutenant.
He began a career as a banker, but an emergencyappendectomy caused him to re-evaluate his life and, in 1920, he began working as an "extra" in movies made in New York City, using a shortened form of his mother's maiden name. He appeared onBroadway in 1926, and by the end of the decade, he signed a film contract withParamount Pictures.[6]
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"March's special ability was to suggest genuine mental pain. As a portrayer of tortured and distressed men, he has no equal. The complete physical control which allows him convincingly to sag, stoop and collapse is assisted by a face suggesting at the same time both intelligence and sensitivity"—Australian-born film historianJohn Baxter.[7]
LikeLaurence Olivier, March had a rareprotean quality to his acting that allowed him to assume almost any persona convincingly, fromRobert Browning toWilliam Jennings Bryan to Dr Jekyll - or Mr. Hyde. He received an Oscar nomination for the4th Academy Awards in 1930 forThe Royal Family of Broadway, in which he played a role modeled onJohn Barrymore. He won theAcademy Award for Best Actor for the5th Academy Awards in 1932 forDr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (tied withWallace Beery forThe Champ, although March accrued one more vote than Beery[8]). This led to roles in a series of classic films based on stage hits and classic novels likeDesign for Living (1933) withGary Cooper andMiriam Hopkins;Death Takes a Holiday (1934);Les Misérables (1935) withCharles Laughton;Anna Karenina (1935) withGreta Garbo;Anthony Adverse (1936) withOlivia de Havilland; and as the original Norman Maine inA Star is Born (1937) withJanet Gaynor, for which he received his third Academy Award nomination.
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March resisted signing long-term contracts with the studios,[8][9] enabling him to play roles in films from a variety of studios. He returned to Broadway after a ten-year absence in 1937 with a notable flop,Yr. Obedient Husband, but after the success ofThornton Wilder'sThe Skin of Our Teeth, he focused as much onBroadway as onHollywood. He won two Best ActorTony Awards: in 1947 for the playYears Ago, written byRuth Gordon, and in 1957 for his performance as James Tyrone in the original Broadway production ofEugene O'Neill'sLong Day's Journey Into Night. He also had major successes inA Bell for Adano in 1944 andGideon in 1961, and he played inIbsen'sAn Enemy of the People on Broadway in 1951. During this period, he also starred in films, includingI Married a Witch (1942) andAnother Part of the Forest (1948). March won his secondOscar in 1946 forThe Best Years of Our Lives.
March also branched out into television, winning Emmy nominations for his third attempt atThe Royal Family for the seriesThe Best of Broadway as well as for television performances asSamuel Dodsworth andEbenezer Scrooge. On March 25, 1954, March co-hosted the26th Annual Academy Awards ceremony from New York City, with co-hostDonald O'Connor in Los Angeles.
March's neighbor in Connecticut, playwrightArthur Miller, was thought to favor March to inaugurate the part ofWilly Loman in thePulitzer Prize–winningDeath of a Salesman (1949). However, March read the play and turned down the role, whereupon directorElia Kazan castLee J. Cobb as Willy andArthur Kennedy as one of Willy's sons,Biff Loman. Cobb and Kennedy were two actors with whom the director had worked in the filmBoomerang (1947). March later regretted turning down the role and finally played Willy Loman inColumbia Pictures's1951 film version of the play, directed byLaslo Benedek. March earned his fifth and finalOscar nomination as well as aGolden Globe Award. He also played one of two leads inThe Desperate Hours (1955) withHumphrey Bogart. Bogart andSpencer Tracy had both insisted upon top billing, and Tracy withdrew, leaving the part available for March.
In 1957, March was awarded the George Eastman Award, given byGeorge Eastman House for "distinguished contribution to the art of film".[10]
_Spencer_Tracy_Fredric_March.jpg)
On February 12, 1959, March appeared before ajoint session of the86th United States Congress, reading theGettysburg Address as part of a commemoration of the 150th anniversary ofAbraham Lincoln's birth.[11]
March co-starred with Spencer Tracy in the 1960 Stanley Kramer filmInherit the Wind, in which he played a dramatized version of famous orator and political figureWilliam Jennings Bryan. March's Bible-thumping character provided a rival for Tracy'sClarence Darrow-inspired character. In the 1960s, March's film career continued with a performance as President Jordan Lyman in the political thrillerSeven Days in May (1964) in which he co-starred withBurt Lancaster,Kirk Douglas, andEdmond O'Brien; the part earned March a Golden Globe nomination as Best Actor.
March made several spoken word recordings, including a version ofOscar Wilde'sThe Selfish Giant issued in 1945 in which he narrated and played the title role, andThe Sounds of History, a twelve volume LP set accompanying the twelve volume set of booksTheLife History of the United States, published byTime-Life. The recordings were narrated byCharles Collingwood, with March and his wife Florence Eldridge performing dramatic readings from historical documents and literature.
Following surgery forprostate cancer in 1970, it seemed his career was over; yet, he managed to give one last performance inThe Iceman Cometh (1973) as the complicated Irish saloon keeper, Harry Hope.
In 1926, March was the leading man in the summer stock cast atElitch Theatre, and the leading lady wasFlorence Eldridge. They fell in love and were married in 1927.[12][13] They remained married until his death in 1975, and they had two adopted children. They appeared in seven films together, the last beingInherit the Wind.[14]
March and Eldridge commissionedWallace Neff to buildtheir house in Ridgeview Drive,Bel Air, in 1934. It has subsequently been owned by the philanthropistWallis Annenberg and the actorsBrad Pitt andJennifer Aniston.[15]
Throughout his life, March and Eldridge were supporters of theDemocratic Party. In July 1936, March co-founded theHollywood Anti-Nazi League (HANL),[16] along with the writersDorothy Parker[17] andDonald Ogden Stewart, the directorFritz Lang, and the composerOscar Hammerstein.
In 1938, March was one of many Hollywood personalities who were investigated by theHouse Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) and the hunt for Communists in the film community. In July 1940, he was among a number of individuals who were questioned by a HUAC subcommittee which was led by RepresentativeMartin Dies Jr.[18]
Later, in 1948, he and his wife sued the anti-communist publicationCounterattack fordefamation, seeking $250,000 in damages.[19] The suit was settled out of court.[20]
March died ofprostate cancer in Los Angeles on April 14, 1975, at the age of 77.[21] He was buried at his estate inNew Milford, Connecticut.[22][23]
March is regarded as one of the most eminent Hollywood actors of the 1930s and 1940s.[1] Critic andTurner Classic Movies hostBen Mankiewicz opined that "two actors from Hollywood’s golden age really stand in a tier above the rest ... Spencer Tracy and Fredric March".[24]Boston Globe writer Joan Wickersham described March as a Hollywood great who "rejected the Hollywood studio system" and "built a brilliant stage and film career" despite lacking the "instant name recognition" of contemporaries like Humphrey Bogart andCary Grant.[25] March is also remembered for his later character roles such as those inInherit the Wind,Seven Days in May, andThe Iceman Cometh, roles he played during what was considered a downturn in his film career at the time.[26]
March was briefly a member of an interfraternity society composed of leading students formed at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1919 and 1920 named the Ku Klux Klan which is not believed to have been affiliated with the notorious organization of that name.[27][28] In actuality, March was an outspoken proponent of the civil rights movement for five decades, and worked closely with theNAACP.[29][30] When the collegiate organization was named, the (later national) KKK was a small regional organization. As the national KKK became better known, the collegiate organization changed its name in 1922.[28]
False rumors based on a misunderstanding of the organization of which March was a member were spread on social media and alleged that March was awhite supremacist.[30] The 500-seattheater at theUniversity of Wisconsin–Oshkosh was formerly named after March.[31] TheUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison had named the 168-seat at theMemorial Union as theFredric March Play Circle Theater; however, in 2018, his name was removed, after student protests following reports of March's membership in a student fraternal organization calling itself Ku Klux Klan.[32][33][34][35] UW–Oshkosh pulled March's name from what is now the Theatre Arts Center shortly before the 2020–21 academic term.[36] After new revelations about the nature of the KKK fraternity, as of autumn 2022, there were discussions for a return of March's name.[37]
| Films | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Title | Role | Notes | |
| 1921 | The Education of Elizabeth | Extra | Uncredited Lost film | |
| The Great Adventure | Extra | Uncredited | ||
| The Devil | Extra | Uncredited | ||
| Paying the Piper | Extra | Uncredited Lost film | ||
| 1929 | The Dummy | Trumbull Meredith | ||
| The Wild Party | James 'Gil' Gilmore | |||
| The Studio Murder Mystery | Richard Hardell | |||
| Paris Bound | Jim Hutton | |||
| Jealousy | Pierre | Lost film | ||
| Footlights and Fools | Gregory Pyne | Lost film; the soundtrack survives | ||
| The Marriage Playground | Martin Boyne | |||
| 1930 | Sarah and Son | Howard Vanning | ||
| Paramount on Parade | Doughboy | Cameo | ||
| Ladies Love Brutes | Dwight Howell | |||
| True to the Navy | Bull's Eye McCoy | |||
| Manslaughter | Dan O'Bannon | |||
| Laughter | Paul Lockridge | |||
| The Royal Family of Broadway | Tony Cavendish | |||
| 1931 | Honor Among Lovers | Jerry Stafford | ||
| The Night Angel | Rudek Berken | |||
| My Sin | Dick Grady | |||
| Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde | Dr. Henry Jekyll / Mr Edward Hyde | |||
| 1932 | Strangers in Love | Buddy Drake / Arthur Drake | ||
| Merrily We Go to Hell | Jerry Corbett | |||
| Make Me a Star | Himself | Behind-the-scenes drama, Uncredited | ||
| Smilin' Through | Kenneth Wayne | |||
| The Sign of the Cross | Marcus Superbus | |||
| Hollywood on Parade No. A-1 | Himself | short film | ||
| 1933 | Tonight Is Ours | Sabien Pastal | ||
| The Eagle and the Hawk | Jerry H. Young | |||
| Design for Living | Thomas B. 'Tom' Chambers | |||
| 1934 | All of Me | Don Ellis | ||
| Good Dame | Mace Townsley | |||
| Death Takes a Holiday | Prince Sirki /Death | |||
| The Affairs of Cellini | Benvenuto Cellini | |||
| The Barretts of Wimpole Street | Robert Browning | |||
| We Live Again | Prince Dmitri Nekhlyudov | |||
| Hollywood on Parade No. B-6 | Himself | short film | ||
| 1935 | Les Misérables | Jean Valjean /Champmathieu | ||
| Anna Karenina | Count Vronsky | |||
| The Dark Angel | Alan Trent | |||
| Screen Snapshots Series 14, No. 11 | Himself | short film | ||
| 1936 | The Road to Glory | Lieutenant Michel Denet | ||
| Mary of Scotland | Bothwell | |||
| Anthony Adverse | Anthony Adverse | |||
| Screen Snapshots Series 16, No. 3 | Himself | short film | ||
| 1937 | A Star Is Born | Norman Maine | ||
| Nothing Sacred | Wallace 'Wally' Cook | |||
| Screen Snapshots Series 16, No. 5 | Himself | short film | ||
| 1938 | The Buccaneer | Jean Lafitte | ||
| There Goes My Heart | Bill Spencer | |||
| Trade Winds | Sam Wye | |||
| 1939 | The 400 Million | Narrator | Documentary | |
| 1940 | Susan and God | Barrie Trexel | ||
| Victory | Hendrik Heyst | |||
| Lights Out in Europe | Narrator | Documentary | ||
| 1941 | So Ends Our Night | Josef Steiner | ||
| One Foot in Heaven | William Spence | |||
| Bedtime Story | Lucius 'Luke' Drake | |||
| 1942 | I Married a Witch | Jonathan Wooley / Nathaniel Wooley / Samuel Wooley | ||
| Lake Carrier | Narrator | Documentary short | ||
| 1944 | Valley of the Tennessee | Narrator | ||
| The Adventures of Mark Twain | Samuel Langhorne Clemens | |||
| Tomorrow, the World! | Mike Frame | |||
| 1946 | The Best Years of Our Lives | Al Stephenson | ||
| 1948 | Another Part of the Forest | Marcus Hubbard | ||
| An Act of Murder | Judge Calvin Cooke | |||
| 1949 | Christopher Columbus | Christopher Columbus | ||
| 1950 | The Titan: Story of Michelangelo | Narrator | Documentary | |
| 1951 | It's a Big Country | Joe Esposito | ||
| Death of a Salesman | Willy Loman | |||
| 1953 | Man on a Tightrope | Karel Cernik | ||
| 1954 | The Bridges at Toko-Ri | Rear Admiral George Tarrant | ||
| Executive Suite | Loren Phineas Shaw | |||
| 1955 | The Desperate Hours | Dan C. Hilliard | ||
| 1956 | Alexander the Great | Philip II of Macedon | ||
| The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit | Ralph Hopkins | |||
| Island of Allah | Narrator | |||
| 1957 | Albert Schweitzer | Narrator | Documentary | |
| 1959 | Middle of the Night | Jerry Kingsley | ||
| 1960 | Inherit the Wind | Matthew Harrison Brady | ||
| 1961 | The Young Doctors | Dr. Joseph Pearson | ||
| 1962 | The Condemned of Altona | Albrecht von Gerlach | ||
| 1964 | Seven Days in May | President Jordan Lyman | ||
| Pieta | Narrator | Documentary | ||
| 1967 | Hombre | Dr. Alex Favor | ||
| 1970 | ...tick...tick...tick... | Mayor Jeff Parks | ||
| 1973 | The Iceman Cometh | Harry Hope | ||
| Television | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Title | Role | Notes | |
| 1949 | The Ford Theatre Hour | Oscar Jaffe | Episode: "The Twentieth Century" | |
| 1950 | The Nash Airflyte Theater | Episode: "The Boor" | ||
| 1951 | Lux Video Theatre | Episode: "The Speech" | ||
| 1952 | Lux Video Theatre | Captain Matt | Episode: "Ferry Crisis at Friday Point" | |
| Toast of the Town | Himself | later known asThe Ed Sullivan Show | ||
| 1953 | Omnibus | Don Juan | Episode: "The Last Night of Don Juan" | |
| 1954 | The Best of Broadway | Tony Cavendish | Episode: "The Royal Family" based on March's Broadway play and film of the same name | |
| Shower of Stars | Ebenezer Scrooge | Episode: "A Christmas Carol" | ||
| What's My Line? | Himself | |||
| 1956 | Producers' Showcase | Sam Dodsworth | Episode: "Dodsworth" | |
| Shower of Stars | Eugene Tesh | Episode: "The Flattering World" | ||
| 1957 | Toast of the Town | Himself | later known asThe Ed Sullivan Show | |
| 1958 | The DuPont Show of the Month | Arthur Winslow | Episode: "The Winslow Boy" | |
| Tales from Dickens | Host | March hosted seven episodes during 1958 and 1959 Episodes: "Bardell Versus Pickwick" "Uriah Heep" "A Christmas Carol" "David and Betsy Trotwood" "David and His Mother" "Christmas at Dingley Dell" "The Runaways" | ||
| 1963 | A Tribute to John F. Kennedy from the Arts | Host | Television special | |
| 1964 | The Presidency: A Splendid Mystery | Narrator | Television | |
| Theatre | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Title | Role | Playwright | Venue |
| 1924 | The Melody Man | Donald Clemens | Herbert Richard Lorenz | Central Theatre, Broadway |
| 1925 | Puppets | Bruno Monte | Francis Lightner | Selwyn Theatre, Broadway |
| 1926 | The Half-Caste | Dick Chester | Jack McClellan | National Theatre, Broadway |
| 1926 | Devil in the Cheese | Jimmie Chard | Tom Cushing | Charles Hopkins Theatre, Broadway |
| 1938 | Your Obedient Husband | Richard Steele | Horace Jackson | Broadhurst Theatre, Broadway |
| 1939 | The American Way | Martin Gunther | George S. Kaufman /Moss Hart | Center Theatre, Broadway |
| 1941 | Hope for a Harvest | Elliott Martin | Sophie Treadwell | Guild Theatre, Broadway |
| 1942 | The Skin of Our Teeth | Mr. Antrobus | Thorton Wilder | Plymouth Theatre, Broadway |
| 1944 | A Bell for Adano | Major Victor Joppolo | Paul Osborn | Cort Theatre, Broadway |
| 1946 | Years Ago | Clifton Jones | Ruth Gordon | Mansfield Theatre, Broadway |
| 1950 | Now Lay Me Down To Sleep | General Leonidas Erosa | Elaine Ryan | Broadhurst Theatre, Broadway |
| 1951 | An Enemy of the People | Dr. Thomas Stockman | Henrik Ibsen | |
| 1951 | The Autumn Garden | Nicholas Denery | Lillian Hellman | Coronet Theatre, Broadway |
| 1956 | Long Day's Journey into Night | James Tyrone | Eugene O'Neill | Helen Hayes Theatre, Broadway |
| 1961 | Gideon | Angel | Paddy Chayefsky | Plymouth Theatre, Broadway |
March has a star for motion pictures on theHollywood Walk of Fame, at 1620 Vine Street.[38]
| Year | Program | Episode/source |
|---|---|---|
| 1942 | Lux Radio Theatre | One Foot in Heaven[39] |
| 1946 | Academy Award | A Star Is Born[40] |
| 1949 | The MGM Theater of the Air | Citadel |
| 1953 | Theatre Guild on the Air | Cass Timberlane[41] |
| 1953 | Star Playhouse | A Bell for Adano[42] |
| 1953 | There Shall Be No Night[43] |
Congress gets into the act tomorrow, when a joint session will be held.Carl Sandburg, famed Lincoln biographer, will give and address, and actor Fredric March will read theGettysburg Address.
