Frederick Walton | |
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| Born | Frederick Edward Walton (1834-03-13)13 March 1834 Halifax, West Yorkshire, England |
| Died | 16 May 1928(1928-05-16) (aged 94) |
| Occupations | Inventor, manufacturer, businessman |
| Known for | InventingLinoleum andLincrusta Founder of Waltons and Sons |
| Family | James Walton (father) |
Frederick Edward Walton (13 March 1834[1] – 16 May 1928),[2] was an English manufacturer and inventor whose invention ofLinoleum inChiswick[3] was patented in 1863.[4] He also inventedLincrusta in 1877.
Walton was born in 1834, nearHalifax. His fatherJames Walton was a successful inventor and business owner fromHaughton Dale near Manchester, where he owned the Haughton Dale Mill, which supplied wire for James's successfulcarding business.[5] Frederick Walton was educated at Horton School, inBradford and at theWakefield Proprietary School.[6]
In 1855, Frederick joined his father James and brother William in the family wire card-making business of Walton and Sons, in Haughton Dale. He spent much of his time working on new techniques for the business. In 1856, he was granted his first patent for wire brushes with ornamental backings. In 1857, he discovered how to solidifylinseed oil, which was to lead to his most famous invention. However he also disagreed with his father about the value of his experimentation. Later in 1857, they dissolved the partnership and Frederick moved toHammersmith, where he set up his own company to continue his work.[6]
In 1860, he established an experimental factory in Chiswick where he worked on oxidisation of linseed oil, for which he was granted a patent in 1860.[4] He experimented with the oxidized oil as a replacement forrubber. He discovered that combining the oil with cork and colouring agents produced a useful material for floor covering,[6] and in 1863 patented this new material.[4] Walton called this new cloth "linoleum".[3] He moved his factory to Staines, and in 1864, formed the Linoleum Manufacturing Company[7] which, by 1869, was exporting to Europe and the United States.[8]
In the 1870s, Walton partnered with carpet manufacturerJohn Crossley to form the American Linoleum Company. They set up a factory atLinoleumville, New York to manufacture linoleum. Walton spent two years in America setting up the factory and starting the business, before returning to the United Kingdom. The America company was highly successful and profitable.[6]
Walton obtained further patents for processes related to the production of linoleum. In 1863, he patented a method of passing sheets of coloured linoleum through rollers to emboss a pattern on them. In 1882, he patented machinery to make inlaid mosaic floor coverings. He also invented a number of related products, most notablyLincrusta, an embossed wall-covering based on linoleum, launched in 1877.[3] In all he obtained over 100 patents.[6]
In 1868, Walton moved to the Cwmllecoediog Estate nearAberangell, which was owned by his father. In 1870, he built a new house there, Plas Cwmllecoediog, and in 1883 he gave land and funds to build a school in the village. In 1886, he partnered with quarry managerEdward Hurst Davies to purchased and developMaesygamfa slate quarry. They ran it together until the partnership was dissolved in 1900.[9]
Walton died in May 1928, aged 94.
In 1867, Walton married Alice Scruby.[10] They had four children:
Walton was an avid collector of art, and also painted himself. His son-in-law Herbert Vivian said that Walton "bought many expensive paintings and painted many excellent ones himself".[14]
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)| International | |
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