Frederick Henry Rich | |
|---|---|
| Born | (1824-03-08)8 March 1824 Woodlands,Castleconnell, Ireland |
| Died | 22 August 1904(1904-08-22) (aged 80) Oareford,Somerset, England |
Col.Frederick Henry Rich (8 March 1824 – 22 August 1904) was a British soldier, who served with theRoyal Engineers and was theChief Inspecting Officer of the Railway Inspectorate between 1885 and 1889. He investigated many of the major railway accidents in the late 19th century, including those atStaplehurst in 1865, in which the authorCharles Dickens was involved, and atNorton Fitzwarren in 1890.
Rich was born on 8 March 1824 at Woodlands,Castleconnell nearLimerick in Ireland, the son of John Sampson Rich (1789–1880) and Amelia née Whitfield (1801–1883).[1]
Gentleman Cadet Frederick Henry Rich joined the Corps of Royal Engineers as asecond lieutenant on 11 January 1843.[2] He was promoted tofirst lieutenant on 1 April 1846,[3] to second captain on 17 February 1854[4] and tofirst captain on 23 February 1856.[5]
During his early years with the Royal Engineers he had various postings in England, includingChatham,Woolwich,Devonport andDover.[1] He was posted to Ireland for a year in 1845, before being posted to Canada and then to the West Indies from August 1847 to January 1851.[1] Between April 1851 and May 1859 he returned to Ireland followed by two years in Malta.[1]
In April 1861, he was seconded to theBoard of Trade as anInspector of Railways, remaining in this post until October 1872, when he spent the last four months before his retirement at theWar Office.[1]
He was further promoted tobrevetmajor on 24 August 1866[6] and tolieutenant-colonel on 8 May 1867.[7] He retired on full pay on 1 February 1873[8] with the honorary rank ofcolonel.[9]
Rich was initially seconded to the Board of Trade as an Inspector of Railways in 1861[1] but continued in this post after his retirement from the Royal Engineers, serving asChief Inspecting Officer of the Railway Inspectorate between 1885 and 1889.[10]
During his time with the Railway Inspectorate of the Board of Trade, Rich investigated in excess of 250 accidents.[11] Rich was "noted for the great attention he pays to all details" in his investigations.[12]
In June 1865, Rich investigated an accident atStaplehurst, in which aSouth Eastern RailwayFolkestone to Londonboat train derailed while crossing a viaduct where a length of track had been removed during engineering works, killing ten passengers and injuring forty.[13] The authorCharles Dickens was travelling withEllen Ternan andher mother on the train; they all survived the derailment. Dickens tended the victims, some of whom died while he was with them. The experience affected Dickens greatly; he lost his voice for two weeks and afterwards was nervous when travelling by train, using alternative means when available.[14]
In October 1868, Rich reported on his investigation of theAbergele rail disaster in which 33 people were killed, making it at the time, the worst railway disaster in Britain.[15] The accident was caused when the Irish Mail train collided with runaway wagons atLlandulas nearAbergele.[16]
AtStairfoot in South Yorkshire on 12 December 1870, a rake of runaway goods wagons collided with a passenger train resulting in 15 deaths and 59 injuries.[17] In his report into theaccident, Rich found that the goods guard atBarnsley was gravely at fault for not ensuring the standing wagons were better secured. The layout of the yard was also criticized as there were notrap points to protect the running lines in the event of such a mishap.[18]
The train crash atNorton Fitzwarren occurred on 11 November 1890, atNorton Fitzwarren station on theGreat Western Railway, approximately two miles south-west ofTaunton inSomerset. A specialboat train carrying passengers fromPlymouth toPaddington collided with a goods train that was being shunted on the main line. Ten passengers were killed, and eleven people (including the driver and fireman of the special train) were seriously injured.[19] Rich recommended "that all stations where there is much shunting, or where stopping trains are liable to be set aside for fast trains to pass, should be provided with refuge sidings" to avoid similar accidents.[20]
As well as investigating railway accidents, Rich also inspected new railway lines and other works prior to their opening. These included theFaringdon branch of the GWR (May 1864),[21] theSidmouth Railway (June 1874),[22] theRibblehead Viaduct (May 1876)[23] and theSevern Tunnel (November 1886).[24][25] He inspected theRhondda and Swansea Bay Railway Rhondda Tunnel in May 1890, prior to its planned official opening. He requested further brickwork to be installed. The contractors took six weeks and theRhondda Tunnel opened on 2 July 1890 without any ceremony.[citation needed]
In September 1872, Rich investigated the explosion of a locomotive boiler atBray in which the driver and firemen were killed.[26]
Criteria for inclusion: Fatalities of 3 or more or injuries of 20 or more.
| Date | Location | Fatalities | Injuries | Brief description | Cause | Inspector's report |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 June 1864 | Curzon Street goods station, Birmingham | 0 | 30 | Head-on collision between of a passenger train and a goods train | Pointsman error | [1] |
| 29 October 1864 | Ballinasloe | 2 | 34 | Derailment of a passenger train | Track defect and excessive speed | [2] |
| 9 June 1865 | Staplehurst | 10 | 40 | Train ran over bridge where rails removed for work.Charles Dickens a passenger | Inadequate worksite protection | [3][4] |
| 15 July 1865 | Peterborough | 0 | 27 | Runaway train, train misrouted, rear collision | Site staff error, failure to secure brakes | [5][6] |
| 16 September 1865 | Wemyss Bay | 0 | 76 | Passenger train hit buffers at station | Excessive speed and failure to apply brakes properly | [7][8] |
| 2 November 1865 | Stratford | 0 | 25 | Collision between two passenger trains in dense fog | Inadequate signalling arrangements, inadequate fog protection | [9][10] |
| 30 March 1866 | New Cross | 0 | 50 | Collision between a stationary train and a moving train | Driver error | [11] |
| 4 September 1866 | Surrey Canal Junction | 0 | 25 | Collision between a passenger train and a light engine | Driver error | [12] |
| 13 January 1867 | Stonehaven | 3 | 3 | Collision between two light engines in snow | Station staff error and pilotman error | [13] |
| 7 March 1867 | Bowling Tunnel | 2 | 22 | Collision between two passenger trains | Signaller error | [14] |
| 9 September 1867 | Dove Holes Tunnel &New Mills | 5 | 5 | Collision of a cattle train with a ballast train and subsequent collision of the runaway portion of the cattle train with a passenger train | Signaller error | [15] |
| 27 February 1868 | Arniston Colliery,Gorebridge | 3 | 0 | Collision between a goods train and an engine and brake van | Guard error | [16] |
| 20 August 1868 | Abergele | 33 | NK | Irish Mail train hit unsecured wagons on the line | Runaway goods wagons | [17][18] |
| 24 October 1869 | Welwyn Junction | 3 | NK | Derailment of a passenger train | Points split under train | [19] |
| 7 June 1870 | Pleasington | 2 | 27 | Derailment of an excursion train | Tyre defect | [20] |
| 13 May 1871 | Stairfoot | 15 | 59 | Collision between passenger train and runaway goods wagons | Shunter error and lack of continuous brakes | [21] |
| 12 December 1871 | Belfast | 2 | 55 | Head-on collision between passenger train and goods train | Fireman intoxicated | [22] |
| 30 May 1872 | Boghead Sidings, Paisley | 0 | 29 | Collision between a passenger train and a shunted goods train | Signal defect | [23] |
| 5 July 1872 | Gilsland | 4 | 1 | Collision between an empty freight train and a ballast train | Excessive speed and failure to protect train | [24] |
| 3 August 1872 | Agecroft sidings | 4 | 15 | Collision between an express train and a coal train | Signaller error | [25] |
| 3 July 1875 | Scotsgap | 4 | 25 | Derailment of a passenger train | Defective coupling | [26] |
| 4 March 1890 | Carlisle | 4 | 15 | Runaway passenger train collided with a light engine | Driver error | [27] |
| 8 November 1890 | Norton Fitzwarren | 10 | 12 | Passenger train collided with a goods train that was being shunted on the main line | Signalling error | [28][29] |
On 31 August 1848, he married Elizabeth Bayard (1826–1885) in Delaware, US. She was the daughter ofRichard Henry Bayard, US Senator and Chief Justice of Delaware.[27] They had nine children, including:
Elizabeth Bayard Rich died on 20 October 1885.[31] Frederick remarried in 1891 to Cecile d'Olier Gowan,[32] who survived him, dying in Bournemouth on 15 December 1926.[33]
Frederick Henry Rich died at Oareford, nearOare, Somerset, on 22 August 1904, leaving an estate of over £92,000.[34]