Frederick Louis | |
|---|---|
| Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen | |
 Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen | |
| Born | 31 January 1746 |
| Died | 15 February 1818(1818-02-15) (aged 72) Slawentzitz,Upper Silesia |
| Noble family | House of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen |
| Spouse | Countess Amalie von Hoym |
| Issue | August, Prince of Hohenlohe-Öhringen Prince Adolf zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen |
| Father | Heinrich August, 1.Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen |
| Mother | Countess Wilhelmine Eleonore of Hohenlohe-Oehringen |
Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen (German:Friedrich Ludwig Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen) (31 January 1746 – 15 February 1818) was aPrussiangeneral.[1]
Frederick Louis was the eldest son of Henry August, Prince ofHohenlohe-Ingelfingen (1715-1796) and his wife, Wilhelmine Eleonore of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Öhringen (1717-1794). His grandfather, Christian Kraft, was a younger son ofHenry Frederick, Count of Hohenlohe-Langenburg[2]
He began his military career as a boy, serving against the Prussians in the last years of theSeven Years' War. Entering thePrussian army afterthe peace, he was, as a result of his princely rank, at once made amajor; and in 1775 he was elevated tolieutenant-colonel. In 1778 Frederick Louis took part in theWar of the Bavarian Succession and at about the same time was made acolonel. Shortly before the death of KingFrederick the Great, he was promoted to the rank ofmajor general and appointed Chief of a Regiment. For some years the prince didgarrison duty atBreslau, until in 1791 he was made governor ofBerlin. In 1794 he commanded a corps in the Prussian army on theRhine and distinguished himself greatly in many engagements, particularly in theBattle of Kaiserslautern on 20 September.[3]
Frederick Louis was at this time the most popular soldier in the Prussian army.Blücher wrote of him that he was a leader of whom the Prussian army might well be proud. He succeeded his father in the principality, and acquired additional lands by his marriage with a daughter ofCount von Hoym. In 1806 Frederick Louis, now ageneral of infantry, was appointed to command the left wing of the Prussian forces opposingNapoleon, having under himPrince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia; but, feeling that his career had been that of a prince and not that of a professional soldier, he allowed hisquartermaster-general, the incompetentOberst (Colonel)Christian Karl August Ludwig von Massenbach to influence him unduly. Disputes soon broke out between Hohenlohe and thecommander-in-chief theDuke of Brunswick, the armies marched hither and thither without effective results, and finally Frederick Louis's army was almost destroyed by Napoleon at theBattle of Jena on 14 October 1806.[3]
The prince displayed his usual personal bravery in the battle, and managed to rally a portion of his corps nearErfurt, whence he retreated into Prussia. But the pursuers followed him up closely and MarshalJoachim Murat intercepted his corps atPrenzlau.[3] On the morning of 28 October, a fortnight after Jena and three weeks after the beginning of hostilities, Hohenlohe refused two French demands that he surrender. However, the initial fighting went against the Prussians in theBattle of Prenzlau. Massenbach, who had gone to negotiate with the French, suddenly turned up with the news that the French completely surrounded them, which was untrue. Influenced by hischief of staff and assured by Murat "on his honour" that 100,000 French had encircled his forces, Hohenlohe capitulated with 10,000 men (in fact, Murat had no more than 12,000 near Prenzlau, including only 3,000 infantry).[3]
Frederick Louis's former popularity and influence in the army had now the worst possible effect, for the commandants of garrisons everywhere lost heart and followed his example.[3] Thecapitulation of Pasewalk occurred on 29 October, thecapitulation of Stettin on the night of 29–30 October, andKüstrin surrendered on 1 November. Before the month of November was over, theSiege of Magdeburg ended in a capitulation. West of theElbe River, theSieges of Hameln, Nienburg, and Plassenburg also ended badly for Prussia.[3]
After two years spent as aprisoner-of-war inFrance, Frederick Louis retired toSławięcice Palace (Schloss Slawentzitz) and its estates, living in self-imposed obscurity until his death. He had, in August 1806, just before the outbreak of theWar of the Fourth Coalition, resigned the principality to his eldest son, not being willing to become amediatized ruler underWürttemberg suzerainty.[3]
On 8 April 1782 inGleina, he married Countess Marie Amalie Christiane Charlotte Luise Anna vonHoym (1763-1840), daughter Count Julius Gebhard von Hoym (d. 1769) and his wife, Christiane Charlotte vonDieskau, later Princess von derOsten-Sacken (1733-1811). They had:[4]
Frederick Louis died inSlawentzitz inUpper Silesia in 1818. He was succeeded by his sonsAugust, Prince of Hohenlohe-Öhringen andPrince Adolf zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen.
| Ancestors of Friedrich Ludwig, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Phillips, Walter Alison; Atkinson, Charles Francis (1911). "Hohenlohe". InChisholm, Hugh (ed.).Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 572–575.| International | |
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