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| Frederick | |
|---|---|
 Portraitc. 1790 | |
| Duke of Saxe-Altenburg | |
| Reign | 12 November 1826 – 29 September 1834 |
| Predecessor | New Creation (Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg) |
| Successor | Joseph |
| Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen | |
| Reign | 23 September 1780 – 12 November 1826 |
| Predecessor | Ernest Frederick III |
| Successor | Dissolved (swap withSaxe-Meiningen) |
| Regent | Prince Joseph |
| Born | (1763-04-29)29 April 1763 Hildburghausen |
| Died | 29 September 1834(1834-09-29) (aged 71) Altenburg |
| Spouse | |
| Issue |
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| House | Wettin |
| Father | Ernest Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen |
| Mother | Princess Ernestine of Saxe-Weimar |
| Religion | Lutheranism |
Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (29 April 1763 inHildburghausen – 29 September 1834 inAltenburg), was duke ofSaxe-Hildburghausen (1780–1826) and duke ofSaxe-Altenburg (1826–1834).
He was the youngest child, but only son, ofErnst Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen, by his third wife,Princess Ernestine of Saxe-Weimar.
The prince was initially educated by the city clergymanJohann Ulrich Röder, who sent him to theGotha court in 1778 for further training under the privy councillors von Lichtenstein andJohann Karl von der Becke. In 1779, Frederick went toVienna and was introduced to the court there by his great-grand uncle, PrinceJoseph of Saxe-Hildburghausen.
Frederick succeeded his father as Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen in 1780, when he was seventeen years old; because of this, his great-grand uncle, PrinceJoseph of Saxe-Hildburghausen, assumed the regency on his behalf. His great-grand-uncle had a significant influence on him, and through his mediation, he marriedCharlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
PrinceJoseph died on 4 January 1787, after which Frederick assumed full authority. One of his first official acts was the establishment of a customs union between himself,George I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, andFrancis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, as agreed at the Rodach Conference. This union enabled free trade between the two states. This was followed by reforms in guilds, welfare, and the police, road construction, and medicine. He improved the school system and, in 1795, founded a teachers' college inHildburghausen under Ludwig Nonne, followed by the Gymnasium illustre and an industrial school for the poor in 1812.
AfterPrussia andAustria declared war onFrance in 1791, Frederick provided a contingent of troops that occupied theEhrenbreitstein Fortress. Until 1806 he was subject to the restrictions of the imperialdebit commission, which had placed theduchy of Saxe-Hildburghausen under official administration, because of his predecessors' dissolute financial policy.
In 1806, Frederick joined theConfederation of the Rhine, and in 1815, theGerman Confederation. In 1818, he, in collaboration withKarl Ernst Schmid, gave the duchy a new constitution. The improved financial situation enabled the purchase of the Eishausen manor.
Frederick was considered popular and intelligent. During his reign, along with his wife,Charlotte, cultural life in the small town reached its zenith. So many poets and artists spent their time there that Hildburghausen was nicknamed "Klein-Weimar" (Little Weimar). When the last duke ofSaxe-Gotha-Altenburg died without issue in 1825, the other branches of the house decided on a rearrangement of theErnestine duchies, and as agreed in thePreliminary Treaty of Liebenstein on 11 August 1826, Frederick left theDuchy of Saxe-Hildburghausen on 17 November 1826. The Duchy fell toSaxe-Meiningen andSaxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, and from then on he ruled the re-established Duchy ofSaxe-Altenburg as Frederick I, with the exception of the district ofCamburg.
When Frederick moved toAltenburg on 23 November 1826, the resident was in less than perfect condition. He often stayed atHummelshain Castle whileAltenburg Castle underwent restoration.
On 14 September 1830, following street fighting in the ducal capital, Frederick granted the duchy its first constitution from the town hall of Altenburg. The constitution officially came into force on 23 April 1831. Throughout his reign, the Duke expanded the country's infrastructure, abolished the hunting levy, and improved the administration. He joined theGerman Customs and Trade Union in 1833.
Frederick died on 29 September 1834 at the Hummelshain Hunting Lodge inHummelshain at the age of 71. He was succeeded by his sonJoseph.[1][2][3]
InHildburghausen on 3 September 1785, Frederick marriedDuchess Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. She was a niece ofCharlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, who was the wife ofKing George III. Two of her sisters later became the queens of Prussia and Hanover, respectively. They had twelve children:
| Ancestors of Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg[4] |
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Media related toFrederick, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen at Wikimedia CommonsFrederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg Born: 29 April 1763 Died: 29 September 1834 | ||
| Preceded by | Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen 1780–1826 | became Duke of Saxe-Altenburg |
| Preceded byas Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg | Duke of Saxe-Altenburg 1826–1834 | Succeeded by |
| International | |
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