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Frank Lautenberg

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
American politician (1924–2013)

Frank Lautenberg
Official portrait, 2011
United States Senator
fromNew Jersey
In office
January 3, 2003 – June 3, 2013
Preceded byRobert Torricelli
Succeeded byJeffrey Chiesa
In office
December 27, 1982 – January 3, 2001
Preceded byNicholas F. Brady
Succeeded byJon Corzine
Personal details
Born
Frank Raleigh Lautenberg

(1924-01-23)January 23, 1924
Paterson, New Jersey, U.S.
DiedJune 3, 2013(2013-06-03) (aged 89)
New York City, New York, U.S.
Resting placeArlington National Cemetery
Political partyDemocratic
Spouses
Children4
EducationColumbia University (BS)
Signature
Military service
AllegianceUnited States
Branch/serviceUnited States Army
Years of service1942–1946
RankTechnician Fifth Grade[1]
Unit
Battles/warsWorld War II

Frank Raleigh Lautenberg (/ˈlɔːtənbɜːrɡ/; January 23, 1924 – June 3, 2013) was an American businessman andDemocratic Party politician who served asUnited States Senator fromNew Jersey from 1982 to 2001, and again from 2003 until his death in 2013. He was originally fromPaterson, New Jersey.

Lautenberg was elected five terms as Senator. He first took office in December 1982 and served three terms, retiring from the Senate in 2001. Called upon to run again one year later due to circumstances surrounding his Senate colleagueRobert Torricelli's re-election campaign, Lautenberg returned to the Senate in January 2003 and was elected to one additional term in 2008. He died during his fifth term and remains New Jersey's longest serving senator, with a total of 28 years, 5 months and 8 days in office.

Before entering politics, he was an early partner in, and became the chairman and chief executive officer ofAutomatic Data Processing, Inc. In his early years, he served overseas in theU.S. Army Signal Corps from 1942 to 1946 as a part of the war effort, and after returning home his interest inAmerican political events increased. He has been called "the last of theNew Dealliberals" and was known for his legislative efforts againstdrunk driving, and his support of spending forAmtrak andurban public transportation, for strongerenvironmental regulations, greaterconsumer protections, and investigations of wrongdoing byWall Street.[2]

Early life and career

[edit]

Lautenberg was born inPaterson, New Jersey, the son of Mollie (née Bergen) and Sam Lautenberg,Jewishimmigrants from Poland and Russia, who had arrived in the United States as infants.[3][4] He was named after his maternal grandfather, Frank Bergen, and close family friend and Paterson community activist, Raleigh Weintrob.[5][6][7]

When Lautenberg was 19, his father, who worked in silk mills, sold coal, farmed, and once ran a tavern, died of cancer. His mother then opened a sandwich shop to support the family.[8]

After graduating fromNutley High School in 1941, Lautenberg served overseas in theUnited States Army Signal Corps duringWorld War II from 1942 to 1946.[9] Then, financed by theGI Bill, he attended and graduated fromColumbia Business School's now-defunct undergraduate program in 1949 with a degree in economics.[8][10][11]

He worked as a salesman forPrudential Insurance and was the first salesman atAutomatic Data Processing (ADP), a payroll-management company. He became the company's CEO in 1975.[8]

He was the executive commissioner of thePort Authority of New York and New Jersey from 1978 to 1982.[8]

Lautenberg also served in roles with a number of Jewish and pro-Israel organizations, including as a member of theJewish Agency for Israel's board of governors and as president of theAmerican Friends of the Hebrew University.[12] In 1974, he became the youngestchair ever in the history of theUnited Jewish Appeal.[13] Within a year Lautenberg had increased its charitable intake to the second-highest level in its history.[14] He was also named to the President's Commission on the Holocaust in the late 1970s.[15][16]

U.S. Senator

[edit]

Early years

[edit]
Lautenberg first served in the U.S. Senate in 1982.

Lautenberg contributed to Democratic candidates for years.[8] He donated $90,000 toGeorge McGovern's campaign for president in1972, earning himself a place on one ofRichard Nixon'senemies lists.[17] In1982, he ran for the Democratic nomination for the U.S. Senate. He faced nine other candidates: former State Banking Commissioner Angelo Bianchi, formerMorristownMayorDonald Cresitello, former CongressmanJoseph A. LeFante, labor leader Frank Forst, former CongressmanAndrew Maguire, Richard McAleer, businessman Howard Rosen,PrincetonMayorBarbara Boggs Sigmund, andPassaic CountyFreeholder Cyril Yannarelli.[18] Maguire was the favorite but Boggs' entry took votes away from him and Lautenberg spent a considerable amount of his own money. Lautenberg won with a plurality, taking 26% of the vote to Maguire's 23%, LeFante's 20% and Sigmund's 11%.[18][19]

The seat had been occupied by DemocratHarrison A. Williams, who resigned on March 11, 1982, after being implicated in theAbscam scandal. After Williams' resignation, Republican GovernorThomas Kean appointed RepublicanNicholas F. Brady to the seat. Brady served in the Senate through the primary and general elections but did not run for the seat himself. Inthe general election, Lautenberg faced popular Republican congresswomanMillicent Fenwick. She ran on a very progressive platform and polls in the Summer of 1982 put her ahead by 18 points. Even Lautenberg quipped that she was "the most popular candidate in the country."[19] Lautenberg spent more of his own money, eventually out-spending Fenwick two-to-one. He emphasisedPresident Reagan's unpopularity, reminded the voters that she would be a vote for a Republican majority in the Senate and called Fenwick, who was 72, "eccentric" and "erratic" but denied that he was referring to her age.[8][19] He did however point out that she would be almost 80 at the end of her first term and was therefore unlikely to gain much seniority in the Senate.[19] Lautenberg won by 51% to 48%, in what was considered a major upset.[19] Brady, who had just a few days left in his appointed term, resigned on December 27, 1982, allowing Lautenberg to take office several days before the traditional swearing-in of senators, which gave him an edge in seniority over the other freshman senators.

In his first term, Lautenberg pushed theNational Minimum Drinking Age Act, which was passed in 1984.[17] The same year, he spoke at theDemocratic National Convention, though he was overshadowed by New York GovernorMario Cuomo, who gave the keynote speech.[19]

Inthe 1988 election, Lautenberg was opposed by RepublicanWall Street executive, former college football star Brigadier GeneralPete Dawkins, who won the 1958Heisman Trophy for theArmy Black Knights. After trailing in early polls, the Lautenberg campaign, headed by Democratic consultantJames Carville, ran an aggressive advertising campaign enumerating Lautenberg's legislative accomplishments and raising the possibility that Dawkins' candidacy was intended solely as a stepping stone to the presidency, as well as pointing out his lack of roots in New Jersey. Lautenberg ultimately came from behind to win re-election, 54% to 46%.[8][19] The race was named the 17th-nastiest in American political history by political scientistKerwin Swint in his bookMudslingers: The 25 Dirtiest Political Campaigns of All Time.[17]

Following his re-election, Lautenberg became a member of the President's Commission on Aviation Security and Terrorism (PCAST), which was set up in September 1989 to review and report on aviation security policy in light of the sabotage ofPan Am Flight 103 on December 21, 1988.[20]

AfterBoris Perchatkin’s speeches in the US Congress in 1989[21][22][23] along with RepresentativeBruce Morrison, Lautenberg was a primary sponsor of what became known as theLautenberg Amendment, which first passed in 1989.[24] The amendment granted presumptive refugee status to Jewish people and members of other groups from the Soviet Union, and facilitated theemigration of hundreds of thousands of Jews to the United States.

Lautenbergwas re-elected in the 1994Republican Revolution, defeating New Jersey State Assembly SpeakerChuck Haytaian by 50% to 47%.

In 1999, two popular Republicans were considering running against Lautenberg: the incumbent GovernorChristine Todd Whitman and former GovernorThomas Kean.[19] Polling showed Lautenberg trailing both of them.[19] Lautenberg also did not get along with his New Jersey Senate colleagueRobert Torricelli, and suspected that he was encouraging Whitman to run against him.[19] Torricelli's relationship with Lautenberg had been very rocky, especially when Lautenberg directly accused Torricelli of encouraging Whitman to challenge him for his Senate seat. Lautenberg raised his concerns in a meeting with Democratic senators in 1999, and Torricelli responded by shouting, "You're a fucking piece of shit, and I'm going to cut your balls off!"[25] Lautenberg was also less than enthusiastic at the prospect of fundraising for a grueling campaign, and did not want to have to spend more of his own money.[26]

He announced his retirement in 2000, but denied it was because he thought he would lose to Whitman or Kean, saying that he had been vulnerable in previous elections, and, "Mr. Vulnerable always wins."[19] His fellow Democrat and businessman,Jon Corzine,was elected to replace him.

2002 election

[edit]

Almost immediately, Lautenberg regretted his decision, especially after neither Whitman nor Kean ran against Corzine in the general election (instead, CongressmanBob Franks ran for the seat, and was defeated). He also was said to be missing his days working in the Senate.[19] He had considered reversing his decision and running for re-election, but since his rival, Senator Torricelli, had encouraged Corzine to run in the first place, Lautenberg would likely have had trouble restarting his campaign.[26] A little over a year after he left office, however, Lautenberg found an opening.

In the 2002 primaries leading up to themidterm elections. Torricelli won the Democratic nomination for a second term in the Senate. The Republican candidate wasDoug Forrester, the mayor ofWest Windsor Township. It was expected that Torricelli would win the election by a significant margin, as no Republican had won election from New Jersey sinceClifford P. Case was elected to his final six-year term in 1972 in the seat Torricelli was currently occupying. However, an ongoing investigation into the Senator's activities and business dealings resulted in federal corruption charges being filed against him before the election.[8] The subsequent drop in voter support in the weeks that followed resulted in Torricelli's decision to withdraw from the race on September 30, 2002.[19][26][27]

After overtures were made to retired SenatorBill Bradley, CongressmanFrank Pallone, and future SenatorRobert Menendez to take over as candidate, the New Jersey Democratic Party called upon Lautenberg and he accepted the nomination. This was met with an almost immediate challenge by Forrester and the Republicans as New Jersey law forbade the replacement of candidates on the ballot after a certain deadline. The ballot name change was unanimously upheld by theNew Jersey Supreme Court,[28] who cited that the law, as written, did not consider the possibility for an emergency resignation and said that Forrester would have an unfair advantage if Torricelli was left on the ballot.[26] TheU.S. Supreme Court declined to take up the case. With the popular Lautenberg now in the race, Forrester's lead in the polls evaporated and Lautenberg won the election by a 54% to 44% margin.

Back in the Senate

[edit]
Lautenberg meets with Associate Justice nomineeSamuel Alito prior to his confirmation hearings. Lautenberg eventually voted against the nominee.
Lautenberg withBarbara Boxer (right) andMaria Cantwell (left) at a news conference discussing whether oil executives lied during a congressional testimony regardingprice gouging.
Lautenberg (center) is joined by Sen.Harry Reid (right) and outgoing SenatorJon Corzine (second to left, with red tie) to welcome the new SenatorBob Menendez (between Corzine and Lautenberg) onCapitol Hill

Despite having served over 18 years in the Senate, upon Lautenberg's return he was treated like other freshman senators with respect toseniority. This was despite the fact that he had agreed to run for office with the implicit understanding that Democratic leaderTom Daschle would allow him to retain seniority and serve on the Appropriations Committee. He was reported to have been upset with his treatment and commented that "when you come down from a relatively lofty position of seniority, the atmosphere is different", having been given one of the least prestigious office spaces behind a fire exit door.[29]

Back in the Senate, Lautenberg was once again considered one of the chamber's mostliberal members. He waspro-choice, supported gun control, introduced many bills increasing penalties forcarjacking andcar theft, and criticized theBush administration onnational security issues.[17] He was heavily involved in various anti-smoking andairline safety legislation. He also co-sponsored legislation to increase drunk driving penalties. He was probably best known as the author of the legislation that banned smoking from most commercial airline flights.[30] He also is known for authoring theRyan White Care Act, which provides services to AIDS patients. Upon his return to the Senate, Lautenberg was the first U.S. senator to introduce legislation calling for homeland security funds to be distributed solely on the basis of risk and vulnerability.[31]

In 2005, he became a leading voice within the Senate in calling for an investigation into theBush administration payment of columnists.[32]

WhenJon Corzine resigned from the Senate to becomeGovernor of New Jersey, Lautenberg became the senior senator again in 2006. This also made him the only person to have been both the junior and senior senator from New Jersey twice each.[citation needed] Lautenberg received an "A" on theDrum Major Institute's 2005 Congressional Scorecard on middle-class issues.[33]

In 2007, Lautenberg proposed theDenying Firearms and Explosives to Dangerous Terrorists Act of 2007, designed to deny weapons purchases by persons that the government has placed on the terrorist watchlist. On June 21, 2007, Lautenberg passedClifford Case for the most votes on the Senate floor of any United States Senator in New Jersey history.[34]

2008 election

[edit]
Main article:2008 United States Senate election in New Jersey

In February 2006, Lautenberg announced his intention to run for re-election in2008, saying that deciding not to run for re-election in 2000 "was among the worst decisions of his life."[35] Lautenberg formally announced his candidacy on March 31, 2008. His campaign manager was Brendan W. Gill.[36]

CongressmanSteve Rothman and State SenatorJohn Adler both mooted the possibility of running, but said they would defer to Lautenberg. In private he called them "the pallbearers".[19] Ultimately, both declined to run. Instead, CongressmanRob Andrews announced he would challenge Lautenberg for renomination in theDemocratic primary. Also running wasMorristownMayorDonald Cresitello, who had run against Lautenberg in the 1982 Senate primary. Andrews ran a poor campaign, "best remembered—if it's remembered at all—for its ineptness."[19] He was also tarred with his vote for the Iraq War. Lautenberg's New Jersey Senate colleagueBob Menendez also came to his aid and Lautenberg defeated Andrews 59% to 35% in the June 3 primary.[19] He then defeated former CongressmanDick Zimmer in the general election 56% to 42%.[37]

TheNew York Times editorial board endorsed Mr. Lautenberg's candidacy for Senate during the 2008 cycle.[38]

Both opponents cited Lautenberg's age among reasons to vote against him. Andrews, for example, referenced Lautenberg's own 1982 defeat ofMillicent Fenwick, in which Lautenberg was alleged to have referred to Fenwick's age (Fenwick was 72 at the time; Lautenberg was 84 in 2008). Lautenberg denied he made Fenwick's age an issue, saying he only ever questioned Fenwick's "ability to do the job."[39]

Final years

[edit]

In June 2010, Lautenberg compared thedevil withDubai.[40] Lautenberg was quoted as stating, "We wouldn't transfer the title to the devil, and we're not going to transfer it toDubai." According to a Foreign Policy in Focus article, Lautenberg defended his remarks due to theUAE's refusal to support U.S. policy toward Israel and Iran.[40] According to theArab American Institute, Lautenberg apologized in a letter upon meeting with Arab American Institute representatives.[41]

On February 14, 2013, Lautenberg announced he would not seek re-election.[42] In the press conference, Lautenberg joked "Is it too late to change my mind?" and joked that he would pray "something goes wrong" so he could be called on to run again.[17]

At the time of his death from viral pneumonia at age 89, Lautenberg was the oldest serving senator and the last remainingWorld War II veteran in the Senate.[17][43][44]

Committee assignments

[edit]

Lautenberg served on the following committees:[45]

Political positions and votes

[edit]
  • Agriculture – In 2007, Lautenberg voted for an amendment to the 2007 farm bill which would have limited the amount of subsidies that a married couple could receive to $250,000; the amendment failed.[46] However, he voted against eliminating farm price supports and eventually voted for the 2007 farm bill as well. He supported increasing the minimum wage.[citation needed]
  • Civil liberties – Lautenberg was not in the Senate at the time of the originalPatriot Act in 2001; when the 2005 re-authorization came to the Senate floor, Lautenberg voted against cloture, but voted in favor of accepting the conference report. In March 2011, he stated to an assembled group of constituents thatTea Party Republicans "don't deserve the freedoms that are in the Constitution ... but we'll give them to them anyway".[47][48][better source needed]
  • Environment and energy – Lautenberg, who had a pro-environment voting record, wrote a bill in 1986 that established theToxics Release Inventory, which required companies to disclose the chemicals they released into the environment.[8] He also co-sponsored theConsumer First Energy Act of 2008, which would have repealed $17 billion in tax breaks for oil companies and re-invested the $17 billion in renewable energy development and energy efficiency technology.[49] However, the Senate rejected a cloture motion on the bill in June 2008.[50] One of his main priorities in his final term was a bill he authored with Republican SenatorDavid Vitter that would overhaul chemical safety laws.[30] Lautenberg favored alternative energy sources, and voted in favor of giving tax incentives to those who use them.[citation needed]
  • Foreign policy – In 1996, Lautenberg voted against a bill that eliminated theUnited States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, theUnited States Information Agency, theAgency for International Development, and the International Development Cooperation Agency and allowed the President to withhold 20% of funds appropriated to the United Nations if any agency of the organization does not implement consensus-based decision-making procedures on budgetary matters that assure that significant attention is given to the specific interests of the United States. He opposed capping foreign aid, and voted to give billions of dollars to theInternational Monetary Fund. He voted against implementing both theNorth American Free Trade Agreement and theCentral American Free Trade Agreement. He called for action to be taken at the World Trade Organization against members of theOPEC cartel which sets production quotas that raise prices for crude oil, and consequently, America's gasoline.[51] Lautenberg was an opponent of theIraq War, though he was not in office when it was voted on.[52]
  • Gun control – Lautenberg was a consistent supporter of gun control. He sponsored theDomestic Violence Offender Gun Ban, more commonly known as the "Lautenberg Amendment". This piece of legislation prohibits individuals (including law enforcement officers and military service members), convicted of a state or federal misdemeanor involving the use or attempted use of physical force, or the threatened use of a deadly weapon, among family members, from possessing a firearm. One of his last speeches on the Senate floor was in support of a failed bi-partisan measure for increased gun control.[8]
  • Homeland security – Lautenberg was a proponent of theContainer Security Initiative which would screen cargo containers bound for the United States for radiological contents.[53] This policy is intended to identify threats before they arrive at U.S. ports. The Bush administration argued that the policy would be too expensive to implement, as U.S. inspection teams, with equipment, would need to be installed in 700 foreign ports.[citation needed]
  • Public health – In 1984, Lautenberg wrote theNational Minimum Drinking Age Act that set the national drinking age at 21.[30] In 2000, his legislation set 0.08 as theblood alcohol level threshold for drunk driving.[30] He also wrote legislation that banned smoking on airplanes, in federal buildings, and in federally-funded buildings that serviced children.[54]
  • Social issues – Lautenberg waspro-choice on abortion, and voted against banning "partial-birth abortions" in 1999.[55] He voted in favor of expandingembryonic stem cell research.[56] TheNAACP gave him a 100% rating, indicating his strong support foraffirmative action.[57]
    Lautenberg was a strong supporter ofsame-sex marriage, and also voted to prohibit job discrimination based onsexual orientation and to expand the federal definition ofhate crimes to include sexual orientation. He voted against a constitutional amendment banningsame-sex marriage, and expressed his support for equal marriage rights forLGBT couples in later years. Lautenberg did, however, vote in favor of theDefense of Marriage Act in 1996. TheHuman Rights Campaign gave him a 100% rating, indicating his strong support forLGBT rights.[58] Lautenberg also cosponsored a bill in 2012 that would have removed the deadline for theEqual Rights Amendment and a new attempt for the ERA in 2013.[59][60]
  • Tax policy – Lautenberg voted against repealing and restricting theAlternative Minimum Tax and theestate tax. Lautenberg voted for theAmerican Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, which contained $280 billion in tax breaks by expanding theearned income tax credit,child tax credit, home energy credit, and college credit, introducing a homebuyer credit and a credit for workers earning less than $75,000, along with an increased ceiling for the AMT and extended tax credits to companies for renewable energy production, along with a new policy making more companies eligible for a certain tax refund. In 2008, he voted to raise taxes on those earning more than $1 million per year. In 2006, he voted in favor of repealing the Bush-era tax cut on capital gains.
  • Transportation – Lautenberg supported federal funding of public transportation, such asAmtrak andNew Jersey Transit. Lautenberg was primary sponsor of the S.294 [110th] "Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 2008" (Full Text), which would fund Amtrak for the next five years and provide opportunity for expansion. With the dramatic rise of gasoline prices from 2007 to 2008, Amtrak ridership has reached record levels.[61] The bill passed the House, but Senate and House differences were never resolved. He was also a strong supporter of the commuter rail projectAccess to the Region's Core. WhenNew Jersey GovernorChris Christie cancelled the project, Lautenberg called his move "one of the biggest public-policy blunders in New Jersey history", and said that, "All he knows how to do is blow hot air."[8] TheFrank R. Lautenberg Rail Station at Secaucus Junction was dedicated in 2003 with his name, because he helped allocate federal funds to build it.[62]
  • Miscellaneous – Since the advent of thelate 2000s recession, Lautenberg supported a number of Democratic bills designed to deal with the resulting problems plaguing Americans. In 2009, he voted in favor of theAmerican Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, popularly dubbed the stimulus bill. He later voted for theCredit Cardholders' Bill of Rights and theHelping Families Save Their Homes Act of 2009.[citation needed]

Personal life

[edit]

Family

[edit]

Frank Lautenberg married Lois Levenson in 1956,[63] with whom he had four children: Ellen, Nan, Lisa, and Joshua.[64] Their 31-year marriage ended in divorce, in 1988.[64] On 25 January 2004, he married his companion of nearly 16 years, Bonnie S. Englebardt.[65] He also had two stepdaughters, Danielle Englebardt and Lara Englebardt Metz with Bonnie; and 13 grandchildren.

Lautenberg resided inMontclair, New Jersey for much of his Senate career and last resided in nearbyCliffside Park.[66][67] In 2024, Lautenberg was awarded thePresidential Medal of Freedom by PresidentJoe Biden, a Senate colleague for over two decades.[68]

Health

[edit]

On February 19, 2010, his office announced that Lautenberg had been diagnosed with a diffuse largeb-cell lymphoma (an aggressive but curableblood cancer that appears in organs like the stomach) atMount Sinai Medical Center in New York.[69] He had been hospitalized with profuse gastric bleeding following a fall in hisCliffside Park, New Jersey, home shortly after returning from aHaiti trip with a 12-member congressional delegation.[70] He was released from the hospital on February 25, 2010.[71] Six to eightchemotherapy treatments of the intensiveR-CHOP regimen followed every 21 days over several months, and a doctor for Lautenberg at the time said a full recovery was expected. Lautenberg continued his Senate work between treatments. On June 26, 2010, the senator announced that he was cancer-free.[72]

Wealth

[edit]

In 2010, Lautenberg's wealth was estimated to be between $55 million and $116.1 million, making him the fifth-wealthiest Senator.[8] Lautenberg began collecting modern art after his election to the Senate, much of which was sold after his death.[73]

Death

[edit]
Lautenberg'sfuneral train passesOdenton, Maryland.

Lautenberg died atNewYork–Presbyterian Hospital in Manhattan on June 3, 2013, ofviral pneumonia.[74] He was 89.

Lautenberg was returned to Washington by anAmtrakfuneral train. "Amtrak is honored to be chosen to carry him back to Washington, D.C. one final time," wrote Amtrak Chairman Tony Cosica and President/CEOJoseph Boardman in a joint public statement of condolence, "thank you Sen. Lautenberg for your service to the nation."[75]

On June 6, 2013, his bodylay in repose atop theLincoln Catafalque within the Senate chamber at the Capitol.[76] He was buried on June 7, 2013, with full military honors atArlington National Cemetery.[77]

Congress passed on September 20, 2013, a spending bill, H.J.Res.59 – Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2014, that included a $174,000 tax-free death benefit payment to his widow. An annual salary payment to the widow or family member of a deceased lawmaker is a long-standing tradition for theUnited States Congress going back to the 1800s.[78]

Succession

[edit]
Main article:2013 United States Senate special election in New Jersey

On June 4, 2013, GovernorChris Christie announced that aspecial election to fill the vacant Senate seat would be held on October 16, 2013. A special primary, which was won byCory Booker as theDemocrat andSteve Lonegan as theRepublicancandidate, was held on August 13, 2013.[79][80]

On June 6, 2013, Christie appointed RepublicanNew Jersey Attorney GeneralJeffrey Chiesa to fill the Senate seat until the elected winner could be sworn in.[81]

On October 17, 2013, Democrat Cory Booker was announced the winner of the special election. He has held the seat ever since.

Frank R. Lautenberg Deep-Sea Coral Protection Area

[edit]

TheFrank R. Lautenberg Deep-Sea Coral Protection Area is an offshoremarine protected area fordeep-sea corals off the coast of theMid-Atlantic states of the United States, established in 2016 and named after Lautenberg.[82][83][84]

Electoral history

[edit]

The results for Lautenberg's elections to the US Senate:[85]

  • 1982 election for US Senate
  • 1988 election for US Senate
  • 1994 election for US Senate
    • Frank Lautenberg (D) (inc.), 50%
    • Chuck Haytaian (R), 47%
    • Michael P. Kelly (Keep America First) 0.7%
    • Ben Grindlinger (Libertarian) 0.7%
    • Richard Pezzullo (Conservative) 0.4%
    • Andrea Lippi (Jobs, Property Rights) 0.3%
    • George Patrick Predham (Damn Drug Dealers) 0.2%
    • Joanne Kuniansky (Socialist Workers Party) 0.2%
    • Arlene Gold (Natural Law Party) 0.2%
  • 2002 election for US Senate
  • 2008 election for US Senate

See also

[edit]

Sources

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Once a Soldier... Always a Soldier"(PDF).Legislative Agenda.Association of the United States Army. 2011. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on October 21, 2013. RetrievedJanuary 26, 2013.
  2. ^Nichols, John (June 3, 2013)."Frank Lautenberg, the Last of the New Deal Liberals".The Nation. RetrievedSeptember 10, 2024.
  3. ^Ruby, Walter (July 25, 2008). "Still Legislating, After All These Years". Vol. 221, no. 11.The Jewish Week (Manhattan edition). p. 26.
  4. ^Stone, Kurt F. (2000).The Congressional minyan: the Jews of Capitol Hill – Kurt F. Stone – Google Books. KTAV Publishing House.ISBN 9780881256598. RetrievedJune 3, 2013.
  5. ^Almanza, Andrew S. (July 26, 2013)."Tracing A Legacy".New Jersey Jewish Standard. Archived fromthe original on July 4, 2015. RetrievedAugust 1, 2013.
  6. ^Should America Remain a Nation of Immigrants?. US Senate. August 11, 1997.ISBN 9780160558924.
  7. ^"Silk Arithmatic: Interview with Frank R. Lautenberg". Library of Congress. March 22, 1995. Archived fromthe original on June 15, 2013.
  8. ^abcdefghijklArnold, Laurence (June 3, 2013)."Frank Lautenberg, U.S. Senator From New Jersey, Dies at 89".Bloomberg News. RetrievedJune 6, 2013.
  9. ^US Senator Frank R. LautenbergArchived August 6, 2013, at theWayback Machine. Retrieved November 21, 2007.
  10. ^"Frank Lautenberg"(PDF). United States Senate.Archived(PDF) from the original on September 10, 2024. RetrievedSeptember 10, 2024.
  11. ^"Memorial Addresses and Other Tributes Held in the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States Together with a Memorial Service in Honor of Frank R. Lautenberg". United States Senate. RetrievedSeptember 10, 2024.
  12. ^Clymer, Adam (June 3, 2013)."Frank Lautenberg, New Jersey Senator in His 5th Term, Dies at 89".The New York Times.ISSN 0362-4331. RetrievedMay 22, 2024.
  13. ^Rettig Gur, Haviv (June 3, 2013)."Jewish community mourns passing of Sen. Frank Lautenberg, a 'true friend'".Times of Israel.
  14. ^Kampeas, Ron (June 3, 2013)."In Senate, Lautenberg maintained commitment to the Jewish community".Jewish Telegraphic Agency. RetrievedMay 22, 2024.
  15. ^"United States Holocaust Memorial Council Appointment of the Membership. | The American Presidency Project".www.presidency.ucsb.edu. RetrievedMay 22, 2024.
  16. ^Report to the President(PDF). President's Commission on the Holocaust. September 27, 1979. pp. vi.
  17. ^abcdefFriedman, Matt (June 3, 2013)."U.S. Senator Frank Lautenberg dies at 89".NJ.com. RetrievedJune 3, 2013.
  18. ^abEdge, Wally (April 2, 2008)."Democrats, 11-0 in U.S. Senate races after '72, have had just three contested Senate primaries". Politicker NJ. RetrievedJune 3, 2013.
  19. ^abcdefghijklmnopKornacki, Steve (January 14, 2013)."When Lautenberg's Age Met Booker's Ambition: An Elegy for the Swamp Dog". Capital New York. RetrievedJune 5, 2013.
  20. ^"Lautenberg profile at U.S. Senate website". Lautenberg.senate.gov. September 12, 2003. Archived fromthe original on March 4, 2010. RetrievedJuly 2, 2010.
  21. ^Gura 2018, p. 173.
  22. ^Ostrovskaya 2017, p. 69.
  23. ^Semyonova 2020.
  24. ^Rosenberg, Victor (April 2015)."Refugee Status for Soviet Jewish Immigrants to the United States".Tuoro Law Review.19 (22):419–450.
  25. ^York, Anthony (April 30, 2001)."Torricelli to Senator: "I'm Going to Cut Your Balls Off!"".Salon. RetrievedJune 3, 2013.
  26. ^abcdKornacki, Steve (June 3, 2013)."The luckiest day of Frank Lautenberg's life".Salon. Archived fromthe original on June 15, 2013. RetrievedJune 3, 2013.
  27. ^Fitzgerald, Barbara (October 6, 2002)."Up Front: Worth Noting; The Last Laugh Goes to Lautenberg".The New York Times. RetrievedJune 3, 2013.
  28. ^"Archived copy"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on March 4, 2016. RetrievedJune 1, 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  29. ^Hernandez, Raymond (February 16, 2003)."The Second Time Isn't as Lovely For Lautenberg".New York Times. RetrievedSeptember 16, 2020.
  30. ^abcdPlumer, Brad (June 3, 2013)."How Frank Lautenberg changed public health in America".The Washington Post. RetrievedJune 3, 2013.
  31. ^http://www.stanford.edu/~jgrimmer/Website/LautPress/LautPair83.txt[bare URL plain text file]
  32. ^Lautenberg Requests All Documents From White House Relating to Discredited "Journalist" James D. Guckert, also known as Jeff GannonArchived January 11, 2006, at theWayback Machine, Lautenberg press release, dated February 10, 2005
  33. ^Congress at the Midterm: Their 2005 Middle-Class RecordArchived January 5, 2016, at theWayback Machine. Retrieved June 28, 2006.
  34. ^Trujillo, Mario (June 3, 2014)."NJ senators remember Lautenberg a year after his death".TheHill.com. RetrievedNovember 16, 2017.
  35. ^"New Jersey news".The Star-Ledger. Archived fromthe original on March 16, 2007. RetrievedAugust 27, 2024.
  36. ^"Essex Freeholder Brendan Gill on new consulting firm, politics and the future".Observer.com. November 26, 2014. RetrievedNovember 16, 2017.
  37. ^Liebman, Steve (June 3, 2008)."It's Lautenberg Versus Zimmer for Senate in November".The Star Ledger. RetrievedJune 5, 2013.
  38. ^"Frank Lautenberg, Democrat".New York Times. May 29, 2008. RetrievedOctober 6, 2014.
  39. ^"Issue of Age Still Follows Lautenberg".The Philadelphia Inquirer. February 17, 2008. Retrieved June 5, 2013.
  40. ^abZunes, Stephen (June 28, 2010)."The Dubai Ports World Controversy: Jingoism or Legitimate Concerns?". Fpif.org. Archived fromthe original on September 10, 2009. RetrievedJuly 2, 2010.
  41. ^"Lautenberg apologizes for Dubai remark". Aaiusa.org. July 3, 2006. Archived fromthe original on June 8, 2008. RetrievedJuly 2, 2010.
  42. ^"Senator Lautenberg will not seek re-election". WABC TV. Archived fromthe original on February 17, 2013. RetrievedFebruary 15, 2013.
  43. ^Friedman, Matt (February 15, 2013)."Lautenberg's retirement does not signify end of hard work, he urges".NJ.com. RetrievedJune 11, 2013.
  44. ^Jackson, Herb (June 3, 2013)."Frank Lautenberg, 1924–2013: Politics Take a Rest as Praise Pours in [video]".The Record. Archived fromthe original on July 8, 2013. RetrievedJune 5, 2013.
  45. ^"Sen. Frank Lautenberg".Govtrack.us. RetrievedJune 4, 2013.
  46. ^"Project Vote Smart – Senator Lautenberg on S Amdt 3695 – Limit on Farm Subsidies". Votesmart.org. December 13, 2007. RetrievedAugust 29, 2010.
  47. ^[dead link]"Dem Sen: Republicans 'Don't Deserve Freedoms in the Constitution'".WHO (AM). March 25, 2011. RetrievedMay 25, 2011.
  48. ^Benson, Guy (March 25, 2011)."Democrat Senator: Republicans "Don't Deserve" Constitutional Freedoms".Townhall.com. RetrievedJune 5, 2013.
  49. ^Pizarro, Max (June 16, 2008)."Summertime Gas Spat: Lautenberg and Menendez Go After Bush and the GOP".PolitickerNJ.com. RetrievedJune 5, 2013.
  50. ^"S.3044: Consumer-First Energy Act of 2008 – U.S. Congress". OpenCongress. Archived fromthe original on October 6, 2010. RetrievedJuly 2, 2010.
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  52. ^Tamari, Jonathan (June 3, 2013)."Frank Lautenberg, Defiant Liberal of the Senate, Dies".The Philadelphia Inquirer (viaPhilly.com). RetrievedJune 5, 2013.
  53. ^[dead link][1][permanent dead link].Associated Press (viaGoogle News). June 12, 2008. Retrieved June 12, 2008.
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  55. ^"Philadelphia Inquirer: Search Results". October 22, 1999.
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  57. ^Ahearn, James (December 13, 2009)."Ahearn: Democrats Hatch a Partisan Ploy".The Record. Archived fromthe original on June 15, 2013. RetrievedJune 5, 2013.
  58. ^Curry, Tom (August 13, 2004)."McGreevey Confession Doesn't Reveal All – Analysis: Case Resembles 2003 Kentucky Scandal".NBC News. Archived fromthe original on April 19, 2014. RetrievedJune 6, 2013.
  59. ^"All Information (Except Text) for S.J.Res.39 - A joint resolution removing the deadline for the ratification of the equal rights amendment".congress.gov. March 22, 2012. RetrievedDecember 9, 2021.
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  62. ^Frassinelli, Mike (June 5, 2013)."U.S. Sen. Frank Lautenberg Gets One Last Ride at the Secaucus Station That Bears His Name".The Star-Ledger. RetrievedJune 6, 2013.
  63. ^"New Jersey Sen. Lautenberg, last surviving WWII vet in the Senate, dies at 89".FoxNews.com. June 3, 2013. RetrievedJune 20, 2013.
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  85. ^"U.S. Election Atlas". RetrievedJune 4, 2013. Searchable database of election results. Senatorial results for New Jersey available by selecting the state and election type. This website is recommended for researchers looking for state-by-state election results from the U.S. Library of Congress:[3].

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Party political offices
Preceded byDemocratic nominee forU.S. Senator fromNew Jersey
(Class 1)

1982,1988,1994
Succeeded by
Preceded byDemocratic nominee forU.S. Senator fromNew Jersey
(Class 2)

2002,2008
Succeeded by
U.S. Senate
Preceded byUnited States Senator (Class 1) from New Jersey
1982–2001
Served alongside:Bill Bradley,Robert Torricelli
Succeeded by
Preceded by Ranking Member of theSenate Budget Committee
1997–2001
Succeeded by
Preceded byUnited States Senator (Class 2) from New Jersey
2003–2013
Served alongside:Jon Corzine,Bob Menendez
Succeeded by
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United States Senate
Class 2
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