Franchot Tone | |
|---|---|
 Franchot Tone (1938) | |
| Born | Stanislaus Pascal Franchot Tone (1905-02-27)February 27, 1905 Niagara Falls, New York, U.S. |
| Died | September 18, 1968(1968-09-18) (aged 63) New York City, U.S. |
| Alma mater | Cornell University |
| Occupations |
|
| Years active | 1926–1968 |
| Spouses | |
| Children | 2 |
Stanislaus Pascal Franchot Tone (February 27, 1905 – September 18, 1968) was an American actor, producer, and director of stage, film and television. He was a leading man in the 1930s and early 1940s, and at the height of his career was known for his gentlemanly sophisticate roles, with supporting roles by the 1950s. His acting crossed many genres includingpre-Code romantic leads tonoir layered roles andWorld War I films. He appeared as a guest star in episodes of severalgolden age television series, includingThe Twilight Zone andThe Alfred Hitchcock Hour while continuing to act and produce in the theater and movies throughout the 1960s.
Tone was nominated for anAcademy Award for Best Actor for his role as MidshipmanRoger Byam inMutiny on the Bounty (1935),[1] along with his co-starsClark Gable andCharles Laughton, making it the only film to have three simultaneous Best Actor nominations, and leading to the creation of theBest Supporting Actor category.
For his contribution to the motion picture industry, Tone received a star on theHollywood Walk of Fame. Placed February 8, 1960, it is located at 6558 Hollywood Boulevard.
Stanislaus Pascal Franchot Tone was born inNiagara Falls, New York, the youngest son of Dr. Frank Jerome Tone, the wealthy president of theCarborundum Company, and his socially prominent wife, Gertrude Van Vrancken Franchot.[2] Tone was also a distant relative ofWolfe Tone (the "father ofIrish Republicanism").[3] Tone was ofFrench Canadian, Irish, Dutch and English ancestry. Through his ancestor, the nobleman Gilbert L'Homme de Basque, translated to Basque Homme and finally Bascom, he was of FrenchBasque descent.[4]
Tone was educated atThe Hill School inPottstown, Pennsylvania, from which he was dismissed and Niagara Falls High School. He enteredCornell University,[5] where he was president of the drama club,[6] acting in productions of Shakespeare.[7] He was also elected to theSphinx Head Society and joined theAlpha Delta Phi fraternity. After graduating in 1927, he gave up the family business to pursue an acting career, moving toGreenwich Village, New York.[8]
Tone was inThe Belt (1927),Centuries (1927–28),The International (1928), and a popular adaptation ofThe Age of Innocence (1928–29) withKatherine Cornell. He followed it with appearances inUncle Vanya (1929),Cross Roads (1929),Red Rust (1929–30),Hotel Universe (1930), andPagan Lady (1930–31).
He joined theTheatre Guild and played Curly in their production ofGreen Grow the Lilacs (1931), where Tone sang, which later became the basis for the musicalOklahoma![9]Robert Benchley ofThe New Yorker said that "Tone made lyrical love to [co-star] Walker" between theSammy Lee chorus routines of the play.[9] TheLynn Riggs play received mixed reviews, mostly favorable, and was a popular success lasting 64 performances on Broadway. Tone joined theGroup Theatre along with other former Theatre Guild membersHarold Clurman,Cheryl Crawford,Lee Strasberg,Stella Adler, andClifford Odets.[10][11] Clifford Odets recalled of Tone's acting, "The two most talented young actors I have known in the American theater in my time have been Franchot Tone andMarlon Brando, and I think Franchot was the more talented."[12] Strasberg, who was a director in the Group during 1931–1941 and then teacher of "The Method" in the 1950s,[13] had been a castmate of Tone's inGreen Grow the Lilacs.[14]
These were intense and productive years for him; among the productions of the Group he acted in were1931 (1931) lasting 12 performances, Maxwell Anderson'sNight Over Taos (1932) a play in verse that lasted 10,The House of Connelly (1931) lasting 91 performances andJohn Howard Lawson'sSuccess Story (1932) directed by Lee Strasberg.[15][16] Outside of Group productions, he was inA Thousand Summers (1932).[17]
Tone made his film debut withThe Wiser Sex (1932) starringClaudette Colbert, filmed byParamount at theirAstoria Studios.[18]
Tone was the first of the Group to go to Hollywood whenMGM offered him a film contract. In his memoir on the Group Theater,The Fervent Years, Harold Clurman recalls Tone being the most confrontational and egocentric of the group, a "strikingly individualistic personality."[19]Burgess Meredith credits Tone with informing him of the existence of "the Method" and what was soon to be theActors Studio under Strasberg's teachings.[20] Tone himself considered cinema far more invasive to private life and paced differently from theater productions. He recalled his stage years with fondness,[21] financially supporting the Group Theater in its declining years.[22]
MGM immediately gave Tone a series of impressive roles, casting him in sixpre-Code film standards, starting in 1933 with a support role in the romanticWWI dramaToday We Live, written byWilliam Faulkner in collaboration with directorHoward Hawks. The script was first conceived as a WWI buddy film, but the studio executives wanted a vehicle for their popular leading ladyJoan Crawford, forcing Faulkner and Hawks to work in the romance between co-starsGary Cooper and Crawford.[23][24] Tone was then the romantic male lead inGabriel Over the White House starringWalter Huston,[25] followed by a lead role withLoretta Young inMidnight Mary.[26]
Tone romancedMiriam Hopkins inKing Vidor'sThe Stranger's Return and was the male lead inStage Mother. He also had a role inBombshell, withJean Harlow andLee Tracy.[27] The last of the sequence of films wasDancing Lady, with an on-screen love triangle with his future wife Joan Crawford andClark Gable, which was a "lavishly staged spectacle" with a solid performance by Tone.[28]
Twentieth Century Pictures borrowed Tone to romanceConstance Bennett inMoulin Rouge (1934) as she played dual roles in which "she shines as a comedienne" and his performance was called "equally clever in a role that calls for a serious mein" byThe New York Times.[29] Back at MGM, he was again co-starring with Crawford inSadie McKee (1934), then was borrowed byFox to co-star "commendably" withMadeleine Carroll inJohn Ford's French Foreign Legion picture,The World Moves On (1934).[30]
AfterThe Girl from Missouri (1934) with Harlow,[31] MGM finally gave Tone top billing inStraight Is the Way (1934), although it was considered a "B" film, one which didn't have a high publicity or production cost. Warner Bros. then borrowed him forGentlemen Are Born (1934).
AtParamount, Tone co-starred in the Academy Award nominated hit movie,The Lives of a Bengal Lancer (1935) with Gary Cooper.[32] He was top billed inOne New York Night (1935) but billed underneath Harlow andWilliam Powell inReckless (1935). He supported Crawford andRobert Montgomery inNo More Ladies (1935) and had another box-office success withMutiny on the Bounty, for which he was nominated for theAcademy Award for Best Actor, along with co-stars Clark Gable andCharles Laughton.[1]
Warner Bros. borrowed him again, this time to playBette Davis' leading man inDangerous (1935). After a lead role inExclusive Story (1935), he was again paired with friend Loretta Young inThe Unguarded Hour (1936), and also starred withGrace Moore in Columbia'sThe King Steps Out (1936), notable for the debut of an eleven-year-oldGwen Verdon.[33]
Tone and Harlow co-starred again inSuzy (1936) with then up and comerCary Grant, who was billed third.[31] The film was popular with audiences, but reviews were less than kind withThe New York Times negatively comparing it to other recent WWI movies calling it "balderdash", but thanked "Mr. Tone for the few honest moments of drama that the film possesses. His young Irishman is about the only convincing and natural character in the piece."[34] He then filmedThe Gorgeous Hussy (1936) with Crawford, Robert Taylor andLionel Barrymore with co-starBeulah Bondi earning an Academy Award nomination for theAndrew Jackson period piece.[35] A Crawford and Gable film capitalizing onIt Happened One Night by casting the pair in roles as fast talking journalists inLove on the Run (1936),[36] found Tone in a supporting role.
RKO borrowed him to appear oppositeKatharine Hepburn inQuality Street (1937), a costume drama that lost $248,000 at the box office.[37] Back at MGM he supportedSpencer Tracy andGladys George inThey Gave Him a Gun (1937).
He had the lead inBetween Two Women (1937) and co-starred for the final time with Crawford inThe Bride Wore Red (1937), then joinedMyrna Loy inMan-Proof (1938) and Gladys George inLove Is a Headache (1938).
InThree Comrades (1938) Tone was teamed with Robert Taylor andMargaret Sullavan in a film about disillusioned soldiers returning to Germany after World War I. He madeThree Loves Has Nancy (1938) withJanet Gaynor and Robert Montgomery and co-starred withFranciska Gaal inThe Girl Downstairs (1938), a Cinderella type story. He then starred in a "B" picture withAnn Sothern inFast and Furious (1939) as married crime sleuths, the third movie in a series with different sets of actors in each, that were marketed towards theThin Man films audiences.[38]
After his contract ended, Tone left MGM in 1939 to act on Broadway in a return to his stage roots, often working with "the Group's" members of its formative years, and playwrights such as Eugene O'Neill.[39] He returned to Broadway forIrwin Shaw'sThe Gentle People (1939) and an adaptation ofErnest Hemingway'sThe Fifth Column (1940), which only had a short run.
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Tone signed a contract with Universal, starring in his first Western there,Trail of the Vigilantes (1940), where he more than earns his spurs alongside the likes ofBroderick Crawford andAndy Devine.[40] He was soon back supporting female stars though, makingNice Girl? (1941) withDeanna Durbin.
Tone also signed a multi-picture deal with Columbia, where he made two films withJoan Bennett,She Knew All the Answers (1941) andThe Wife Takes a Flyer (1942).
Back at Universal he was top billed inThis Woman Is Mine (1941). Tone went to Paramount to star inFive Graves to Cairo (1942), aWorld War II espionage story directed byBilly Wilder.
He also returned to MGM to star inPilot No. 5 (1943) then it was back to Universal forHis Butler's Sister (1943) with Durbin.
Tone made two more films at Paramount,True to Life (1943) withMary Martin andThe Hour Before the Dawn (1944) withVeronica Lake. He had one of his best roles in Universal'sPhantom Lady (1944) directed byRobert Siodmak, an earlyfilm noir picture and a villainous part for Tone.[41] Also impressive was his performance inDark Waters (1944) withMerle Oberon forBenedict Bogeaus.[42]
He continued his stage career by performing on Broadway inHope for the Best (1945) withJane Wyatt; the production ran for a little more than three months.[43]
At Universal Tone didThat Night with You (1945) withSusanna Foster andBecause of Him (1946) with Durbin.
Tone madeLost Honeymoon (1947) atEagle-Lion Studios andHoneymoon (1947) withShirley Temple. While at Columbia he had roles inHer Husband's Affairs (1947) withLucille Ball, andI Love Trouble (1947), thenEvery Girl Should Be Married (1948) reteamed with Grant at RKO. He had the lead as an assistant D.A. looking for the murderer of a journalist while being distracted by a beauty played by then wife Jean Wallace in the film noir thriller,Jigsaw (1949).[44] He then had a supporting part as a murder victim inWithout Honor (1949), a noir film co-starringLaraine Day.[45]
Tone produced and starred inThe Man on the Eiffel Tower (1949), a troubled production suffering from filming delays on location, creative wrangling and the picture's hard-to-transfer single-strip technicolor film stock.[46] It has benefited from restorations in the 2000s that have coincided with theatrical showings and vastly improved DVD releases.[47] Tone's tour de force role as amanic depressivesociopath included performing many of his own stunts on theParis landmark.[48]
Burgess Meredith and Charles Laughton star with Tone. Meredith is credited as director, although Tone took over duties when Meredith was in front of the camera with Laughton sometimes directing himself.[49] The film has, according to French directorJean Renoir, some of the best cinematic pictures of theEiffel Tower.[46]
Tone relocated to New York and began appearing in New York City-based live theater television, includingThe Philco-Goodyear Television Playhouse,Lux Video Theatre,Danger,Suspense andStarlight Theatre. He returned to Hollywood to appear inHere Comes the Groom (1951).[50]
Back on the small screen, Tone was inLights Out,Tales of Tomorrow,Hollywood Opening Night,The Revlon Mirror Theater, andThe Philip Morris Playhouse. But he soon returned to Broadway, appearing in a big hit withOh, Men! Oh, Women! (1953–54), which ran for 400 performances,[39] a revival ofThe Time of Your Life (1955) and Eugene O'Neill'sA Moon for the Misbegotten withWendy Hiller andCyril Cusack in 1957.[50]
During this time he continued to appear on TV adaptations of Broadway plays, in such original productions asTwelve Angry Men, as well asThe Elgin Hour,The Ford Television Theatre, and inThe Best of Broadway series in a production ofThe Guardsman withClaudette Colbert. Tone then continued inFour Star Theatre,Robert Montgomery Presents, aPlaywrights '56 production ofThe Sound and the Fury,Omnibus,General Electric Theater,The United States Steel Hour,The Kaiser Aluminum Hour,The Alcoa Hour,Climax!,Armchair Theatre,Pursuit,Westinghouse Desilu Playhouse,Alfred Hitchcock Presents,Goodyear Theatre,Playhouse 90, andDuPont Show of the Month.
He did a TV adaptation ofThe Little Foxes (1956) withGreer Garson and playedFrank James inBitter Heritage (1958).[51] In 1957 Tone co-produced, co-directed, and starred in an adaptation ofChekhov'sUncle Vanya, which was filmed concurrently with anoff-Broadwayrevival.[52] His performance as the Russian country doctor with "ennui" was praised and the preserving of the stage production to film only varied by the addition of then-wife Dolores Dorn.[53]
In the early 1960s Tone was in episodes ofBonanza[54] andThe Twilight Zone ("The Silence") and appeared on Broadway in an adaptation ofMandingo (1961). He then played the spent, dying president in the screen adaptation of the Pulitzer Prize-winning novelAdvise & Consent (1962), anOtto Preminger film that the director had unsuccessfully lobbiedMartin Luther King to portray a senator in, while two U.S. senators played extras on Capitol Hill locations previously used forMr. Smith Goes to Washington.[55][56]
On stage in 1963 he acted in a revival of O'Neill'sStrange Interlude, withBen Gazzarra andJane Fonda, andBicycle Ride to Nevada. The next year he appeared inLewis John Carlino'sDouble Talk.
He was cast in TV shows such asThe Eleventh Hour,Dupont Show of the Week,The Reporter,Festival,The Alfred Hitchcock Hour, andThe Virginian. He appeared in what is possibly the first TV movie,See How They Run (1964).[50]
In Europe, Tone madeLa bonne soupe (1965). He co-starred in theBen Casey medical series from 1965 to 1966 as Casey's supervisor, Dr. Daniel Niles Freeland.[57]
He had roles inOtto Preminger's filmIn Harm's Way (1965) in which he portrayedAdmiralHusband E. Kimmel and Arthur Penn'sMickey One(1965), and an episode ofRun for Your Life.[58] He appeared off-Broadway inBeyond Desire (1967) and his last roles were inShadow Over Elveron (1968) andNobody Runs Forever (1968), a British film originally titledThe High Commissioner.[59]
In 1935, Tone married actressJoan Crawford; the couple divorced in 1939.[60] They made seven films together –Today We Live (1933),Dancing Lady (1933),Sadie McKee (1934),No More Ladies (1935),The Gorgeous Hussy (1936),Love on the Run (1936), andThe Bride Wore Red (1937).[61] Their union produced no children; despite considerable effort, Crawford's pregnancies all ended in miscarriage.
Tone took their divorce hard, and his recollections of her were cynical — "She's like that old joke aboutPhiladelphia: first prize, four years with Joan; second prize, eight".[62] Many years later, however, when Tone was dying of lung cancer, Joan often cared for him, paying for medical treatments. Tone suggested they remarry, but she declined.[63]
In 1941, Tone married fashion model-turned-actressJean Wallace, who appeared with Tone in bothJigsaw andThe Man on the Eiffel Tower. The couple had two sons and were divorced in 1948. She later married actorCornel Wilde.[64]
In 1951, Tone's relationship with actressBarbara Payton made headlines when he was rendered unconscious for 18 hours and sustained numerous facial injuries following a fistfight with actorTom Neal, a rival for Payton's attention.[65] Plastic surgery nearly fully restored his broken nose and cheek. Tone subsequently married Payton, but divorced her in 1952, after obtaining photographic evidence she had continued her relationship with Neal.[66][67] Payton and Neal capitalized on the scandal touring with a production ofThePostman Always Rings Twice.[68]
In 1956, Tone marriedDolores Dorn, with whom he appeared in a film version ofUncle Vanya (1957) which Tone directed and produced. The couple divorced in 1959.[citation needed]
Tone, achain smoker, died oflung cancer in New York City on September 18, 1968.[69][70] He was cremated and his ashes kept on a shelf in his son's library, surrounded by the works of Shakespeare,[71] until July 24, 2022, when they were interred in the Point Comfort Cemetery ofQuebec, Canada.[72]
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1932 | The Wiser Sex | Phil Long | |
| 1933 | Today We Live | Ronnie | |
| Gabriel Over the White House | Hartley "Beek" Beekman | ||
| Midnight Mary | Thomas "Tom" Mannering, Jr. | ||
| The Stranger's Return | Guy Crane | ||
| Stage Mother | Warren Foster | ||
| Bombshell | Gifford Middleton | ||
| Dancing Lady | Tod Newton | ||
| 1934 | Moulin Rouge | Douglas Hall | |
| Sadie McKee | Michael Alderson | ||
| The World Moves On | Richard Girard | ||
| The Girl from Missouri | T.R. Paige, Jr. | ||
| Straight Is the Way | Benny | ||
| Gentlemen Are Born | Bob Bailey | ||
| 1935 | The Lives of a Bengal Lancer | Lieutenant Forsythe | |
| One New York Night | Foxhall Ridgeway | ||
| Reckless | Robert "Bob" Harrison, Jr. | ||
| No More Ladies | Jim "Jimsy Boysie" Salston | ||
| Mutiny on the Bounty | Midshipman Roger Byam | ||
| Dangerous | Don Bellows | ||
| 1936 | Exclusive Story | Dick Barton | |
| The Unguarded Hour | Sir Alan Dearden | ||
| The King Steps Out | Emperor Franz Josef | ||
| Suzy | Terry | ||
| The Gorgeous Hussy | John Eaton | ||
| Love on the Run | Barnabus W. "Barney" Pells | ||
| 1937 | Quality Street | Dr. Valentine Brown | |
| They Gave Him a Gun | James "Jimmy" Davis | ||
| Between Two Women | Allan Meighan | ||
| The Bride Wore Red | Giulio | ||
| 1938 | Man-Proof | Jimmy Kilmartin | |
| Love Is a Headache | Peter Lawrence | ||
| Three Comrades | Otto Koster | ||
| Three Loves Has Nancy | Robert "Bob" Hanson | ||
| The Girl Downstairs | Paul / Mr. Wagner | ||
| 1939 | Fast and Furious | Joel Sloane | |
| 1940 | Trail of the Vigilantes | "Kansas" / Tim Mason | |
| 1941 | Nice Girl? | Richard Calvert | |
| She Knew All the Answers | Mark Willows | ||
| This Woman is Mine | Robert Stevens | ||
| 1942 | The Wife Takes a Flyer | Christopher Reynolds | |
| Star Spangled Rhythm | John in Card-Playing Skit | ||
| 1943 | Five Graves to Cairo | Corporal John J. Bramble / "Paul Davos" | |
| Pilot No. 5 | George Braynor Collins | ||
| His Butler's Sister | Charles Gerard | ||
| True to Life | Fletcher Marvin | ||
| 1944 | Phantom Lady | Jack Marlow | |
| The Hour Before the Dawn | Jim Hetherton | ||
| Dark Waters | Dr. George Grover | ||
| 1945 | That Night with You | Paul Renaud | |
| 1946 | Because of Him | Paul Taylor | |
| 1947 | Lost Honeymoon | Johnny Gray | |
| Honeymoon | David Flanner | ||
| Her Husband's Affairs | William "Bill" Weldon | ||
| 1948 | I Love Trouble | Stuart Bailey | |
| Every Girl Should Be Married | Roger Sanford | ||
| 1949 | Jigsaw | Howard Malloy | Alternative title:Gun Moll |
| Without Honor | Dennis Williams | Alternative title:Woman Accused | |
| 1950 | The Man on the Eiffel Tower | Johann Radek | Also co-producer |
| 1951 | Here Comes the Groom | Wilbur Stanley | |
| 1956 | The Little Foxes | Horace | TV movie |
| 1957 | Uncle Vanya | Dr. Astroff | Also co-producer and co-director |
| 1958 | Bitter Heritage | Frank James | TV movie |
| 1961 | Witchcraft | Your Host | TV movie |
| 1962 | Advise & Consent | The president | |
| 1964 | La bonne soupe | John K. Montasi Jr. | [73] |
| See How They Run | Baron Frood | TV movie | |
| 1965 | In Harm's Way | Admiral Kimmel | |
| Mickey One | Rudy Lapp | Directed byArthur Penn | |
| 1968 | Shadow Over Elveron | Barney Conners | TV movie |
| Nobody Runs Forever | Ambassador Townsend | Alternative title:The High Commissioner, (final film role) |
| Year | Title | Role | Episode(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1954 | Studio One | Juror No. 3 | "Twelve Angry Men" |
| 1955 | Four Star Playhouse | Ben Chaney | "Award" |
| 1956 | General Electric Theater | Charles Proteus Steinmetz | "Steinmetz" |
| 1957 | The Kaiser Aluminum Hour | Arthur Baldwin | "Throw Me a Rope" |
| 1958 | Westinghouse Desilu Playhouse | Candy Lombe | "The Crazy Hunter" |
| 1959 | Alfred Hitchcock Presents | Oliver Mathews | Season 4 Episode 28: "The Impossible Dream" |
| 1960 | Bonanza | Denver McKee | "Denver McKee" |
| 1961 | The Twilight Zone | Colonel Archie Taylor | "The Silence" |
| 1965–1966 | Ben Casey | Dr. Daniel Niles Freeland | 27 episodes |
| 1964 | The Alfred Hitchcock Hour | The Great Rudolph (Rudolph Bitzner) | Season 3 Episode 14: "The Final Performance" |
| 1965 | The Virginian | Murdock | "Old Cowboy" |
| 1967 | Run for Your Life | Judge Taliaferro Wilson | "Tell It Like It Is" |
| Date | Production | Role |
|---|---|---|
| October 19 – November 1927 | The Belt | Bunner |
| November 29–1, 928 | Centuries | Yankel |
| January 12 – February 1928 | The International | David Fitch |
| November 27, 1928 – May 1929 | The Age of Innocence | Newland Archer, Jr. |
| May 24–1, 929 | Uncle Vanya | Mikhail lvovich Astrov |
| November 11 – December 1929 | Cross Roads | Duke |
| December 17, 1929 – February 1930 | Red Rust | Fedor |
| April 14 – June 1930 | Hotel Universe | Tom Ames |
| October 20, 1930 – March 1931 | Pagan Lady | Ernest Todd |
| January 26 – March 21, 1931 | Green Grow the Lilacs | Curly McClain |
| September 28 – December 1931 | The House of Connelly | Will Connelly |
| December 10, 1931 – December 1931 | 1931 | |
| March 9, 1932 – March 1932 | Night Over Taos | Federico |
| May 24 – June 1932 | A Thousand Summers | Neil Barton |
| September 26, 1932 – January 1933 | Success Story | Raymond Merritt |
| January 5 – May 1939 | The Gentle People | Harold Goff |
| March 6 – May 18, 1940 | The Fifth Column | Philip Rawlings |
| February 7 – May 19, 1945 | Hope for the Best | Michael Jordan |
| December 17, 1953 – November 13, 1954 | Oh, Men! Oh, Women! | Alan Coles |
| January 19–30, 1955 | The Time of Your Life | Joe |
| May 2 – June 29, 1957 | A Moon for the Misbegotten | James Tyrone, Jr. |
| May 22–27, 1961 | Mandingo | Warren Maxwell |
| March 11 – June 29, 1963 | Strange Interlude | Professor Henry Leeds |
| September 24, 1963 | Bicycle Ride to Nevada | Winston Sawyer |
| Year | Program | Episode | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1936 | Lux Radio Theatre | "Chained" | |
| 1937 | Lux Radio Theatre | "Mary of Scotland" | |
| 1943 | Lux Radio Theatre | "Each Dawn I Die" | |
| 1943 | Lux Radio Theatre | "Five Graves to Cairo" | |
| 1944 | Lux Radio Theatre | "The Hard Way" | |
| 1952 | Theatre Guild on the Air | "The House of Mirth" | [74] |
| 1953 | Broadway Playhouse | "His Brother's Keeper" | [75] |
odets and franchot tone.
franchot tone jigsaw.
the girl from missouri 1934 ny times.
