Frances P. Bolton | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Member of theU.S. House of Representatives fromOhio's22nd district | |
| In office February 27, 1940 – January 3, 1969 | |
| Preceded by | Chester C. Bolton |
| Succeeded by | Charles Vanik |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Frances Payne Bingham (1885-03-29)March 29, 1885 Cleveland, Ohio, U.S. |
| Died | March 9, 1977(1977-03-09) (aged 91) Lyndhurst, Ohio, U.S. |
| Resting place | Lake View Cemetery |
| Party | Republican |
| Spouse | |
| Relations | Harry Bingham (brother) Flora Payne (aunt) Nathan P. Payne (uncle) Oliver Hazard Payne (uncle) Henry B. Payne (grandfather) |
| Children | 4, includingCharles andOliver |
| Parent(s) | Charles William Bingham Mary Perry Payne Bingham |
Frances Payne Bolton (néeBingham; March 29, 1885 – March 9, 1977)[1] was an American politician from theRepublican Party. She served in theUnited States House of Representatives, and was the first woman elected to Congress fromOhio.[2]
In the late 1930s, Bolton took anisolationist position on foreign policy, opposing theSelective Service Act in 1940 which introduced thedraft, and opposingLend-Lease in 1941. During the war she called fordesegregation of the military nursing units, which were all-white and all-female.
In 1947 she sponsored a long-range bill fornursing education, but it did not pass. When the draft was resumed after the war, Bolton strongly advocated theconscription of women. Pointing to their prominent role during the war, she said it was vitally important that women continue to play these roles. She saw no threat to marriage,[clarification needed] and argued that women in military service would develop their character and skills, thus enhancing their role in the family. As a member of theHouse Foreign Affairs Committee, Bolton supported the United Nations, especiallyUNICEF, and supported theindependence of African colonies.[3]
She was born on March 29, 1885, inCleveland, Ohio, asFrances Payne Bingham. She was the daughter of Charles William Bingham (1846–1929) and Mary Perry (née Payne) Bingham (1854–1898). Her siblings included Oliver Perry Bingham, William H. Bingham, Elizabeth Beardsley (née Bingham) Blossom, andHenry Payne Bingham.[1]
Among her maternal family members was uncleNathan P. Payne (the formermayor of Cleveland),Oliver Hazard Payne (who worked for Cleveland basedStandard Oil and was a trustee for the Standard Oil Trust), and auntFlora Payne (the wife ofU.S. Secretary of the NavyWilliam Collins Whitney). Her maternal grandfather was wealthyU.S. SenatorHenry B. Payne.[4]
She was educated at private schools in Cleveland,New York City, and inParis.[5]
Active in public health, nursing education and other social service, education, and philanthropic work, she succeeded her husband,Chester C. Bolton, in office a few months after his death in 1939. Upon election to the remainder of her late husband's term, Bolton refused the customary widow's allowance comprising the remainder of the salary her late husband would have collected had he served out his term. She represented the22nd District, mostly consisting of Cleveland's eastern suburbs. Bolton served an additional fourteen terms, serving alongside her son,Oliver P. Bolton, for three of those terms.[4] She and Oliver appeared onWhat's My Line? as the only mother and son serving together. It was reported that when he voted against her, she once stage-whispered, "That's myadopted son."[6]
A confidential 1943 analysis of theHouse Foreign Affairs Committee byIsaiah Berlin for the BritishForeign Office described Bolton as[7]
A quiet and moderately capable member of the committee, who, while not one of the active Opposition Four, is likely to be suspicious of anyNew Deal internationalism. Her record beforePearl Harbor was Isolationist. Nationalist rather than internationalist in outlook, at any rate, at present.
Serving on theHouse Foreign Affairs Committee, Bolton called Secretary of StateJohn Foster Dulles in May 1954 after the fall of the French base atDien Bien Phu, urging him to invite nurseGenevieve de Galard to the United States. When Galard arrived in July, Bolton described her as a "symbol of heroic femininity in the free world".[8] After receiving thePresidential Medal of Freedom, Galard was received at a dinner for three hundred in Congresswoman Bolton's home district of Cleveland while on a tour of the country.[9]
Bolton voted in favor of theCivil Rights Acts of 1957,[10]1960,[11]1964,[12] and1968,[13] and theVoting Rights Act of 1965.[14]
In 1955, she became the first American woman member of Congress to head an international delegation, using her own resources to fund it. As a member of the House Foreign Affairs Committee's subcommittee on Africa, she felt it was her responsibility to visit as much of Africa as possible. Arriving in Senegal on September 1, she spent the next six weeks crisscrossing the continent by plane, train, boat, and car. Her important stops included Liberia, Ghana (then still known as the Gold Coast), the Belgian Congo, Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia), Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), South Africa, and Ethiopia. She met with leading nationalists such asKwame Nkrumah, powerful politicians such asHaile Selassie, and leading women such as the Queen Mother of the Tutsis. She also spent a lot of time during her trip visiting schools and talking with young people, and meeting with women from all walks of life in the markets or clinics. As someone with a lifelong interest in education and health care, she prioritized these issues during her African travels.
When she got back to the United States she submitted a very thorough and insightful report to Congress. One of her recommendations was that Congress should create a new State Department Bureau for African Affairs to be overseen by a new assistant secretary of state for African affairs. Bolton helped to see that this did in fact happen, and Congress created the new bureau in 1958.[15] In addition to sharing information about her trip with Congress through her official report, Bolton also made an impressive effort to enlighten the American people about the diversity of the African continent by creating a film about her trip, entitledAfrica: Giant With a Future, 1955. This film is an excellent resource for students and instructors wanting a look at several African countries/colonies in the mid-1950s and has been made available on DVD by the National Archives. In addition to educating Congress and the general public about Africa, Bolton's trip helped to begin the process of opening doors for women to play a major role in US foreign relations.[16]
In addition to influencing US relations with Africa, another of Bolton's most lasting achievements was sponsoring legislation to purchase property across thePotomac River fromMount Vernon, the home ofGeorge Washington.[17] This prevented commercialization of the area and preserved its appearance as it was when Washington lived there.
Bolton had a phenomenal relationship with her constituents of Italian-American heritage[citation needed] and was known for mailing government child-care pamphlets to homes where new children were born. Thenursing school atCase Western Reserve University is named in her honor for her accomplishments and generosity in the field of public nursing.[18]
After rising to become ranking minority member of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, Bolton was defeated in a bid for a sixteenth term in 1968 byCharles Vanik. She was, untilLouise Slaughter's continued service in 2012, the oldest woman to serve in the House of Representatives. Bolton retired to her family home, Franchester (named for herself and her late husband), inLyndhurst, Ohio.
In 1907, Frances Payne Bingham marriedChester Castle Bolton (1882–1939). Together, they were the parents of four children:[19]
She died inLyndhurst, Ohio, on March 9, 1977,[1] and was interred atLake View Cemetery in Cleveland.[4]
She was a devotee ofyoga.[24] The Bolton Fellowship supports research inparapsychology.[25]
Bolton and her husband donated land adjacent to their estate in 1922 to create the campus ofHawken School inLyndhurst, Ohio. Her sons attended the private country day school.[26]
Her papers are held at the Western Reserve Historical Society.
The school of nursing at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland is namedFrances Payne Bolton School of Nursing in her honor.
| U.S. House of Representatives | ||
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| Preceded by | Member of theU.S. House of Representatives fromOhio's 22nd congressional district 1940–1969 | Succeeded by |
| 21st district |
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| 22nd district |
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