Marie François Julien Pierre-Alype | |
|---|---|
 François Pierre-Alype in 1934 | |
| InterimPresident of Syria | |
| In office 9 February 1926 – 28 April 1926 | |
| Preceded by | Subhi Bey Barakat |
| Succeeded by | Ahmad Nami |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1886-04-11)11 April 1886 Saint-Denis, Réunion, France |
| Died | 5 February 1956(1956-02-05) (aged 69) Suresnes, France |
| Occupation | Civil servant, statesman, journalist |
| Signature | .png) |
François Pierre-Alype (11 April 1886 – 5 February 1956) was a French civil servant and statesman, in post in the colonial administration, thenprefect.
Pierre-Alype was the nephew of the deputy of theFrench Settlements in India from 1881 to 1898, Louis Pierre-Alype (1846–1906).[1]
He joined the colonial administration in 1906, as chief of staff to thegovernor of Réunion, then clerk of indigenous affairs inFrench West Africa (AOF) in 1908.[2] He then co-edited, with Georges Boussenot, the periodicalLa Presse coloniale, until 1915.[3] Between 1914 and 1916, he was deputy chief of staff of the Under-Secretary of State for Fine Arts. In 1916–17, he was deputy chief of staff to the Minister of Colonies, then deputy commissioner of the Republic in West Africa in 1918.[2]
He became close toLéonce Lagarde, a former ambassador toEthiopia, whom he received in his house inLa Baule, Brittany.[4] In 1922, Pierre-Alype headed an official mission in Ethiopia of the Franco-Abyssinian Syndicate and, on his return to France in 1923, he took part in the French team responsible for supporting Ethiopia's membership in theLeague of Nations.[5] In 1924, he organized the visit to France of the future EmperorHaile Selassie.[6]
He then became a delegate in Paris of theHigh Commissioner of the Levant.[2] From 9 February to 28 April 1926, he took over fromDamascus, on an interim basis, theleadership of theSyrian state, within a civiltriumvirate set up byHenry de Jouvenel. This period is marked by aninsurrection of theDruze against theFrench mandate.
Then he was appointed to the Superior Council of the Colonies and also served as commissioner for thecolonial exhibition of 1931. In January 1933, he served as the director of the cabinet of the Minister of Labor and Social Welfare,Albert Dalimier. He then becamegovernor of the French Somaliland from 15 June 1937 to 30 May 1938,[2] when Ethiopia wasinvaded by the Italians, thengovernor of Guadeloupe from 29 November 1938 to 21 February 1940.
Pierre-Alype was called to France by the former Minister of the Colonies, who became Minister of the Interior,Albert Sarraut. He was appointed Prefect ofCharente-Maritime at the start of theWWII in February 1940, and there acquired a reputation as ananti-communist.[7] He then became, by decision of the Minister of the Interior of theVichy regime,Adrien Marquet, prefect ofGironde from August 1940 to May 1942. Being a follower ofPhilippe Pétain, he applied theRévolution nationale, in which he interned people includinggypsies, communists and others to the Camp de Mérignac, then handed them toNazi Germany to be executed in the Souge camp in Gironde.[8]
However, he was later ousted and went on the run at the end of the war, as he was sentenced to deathin absentia by theBordeaux court of justice on 21 October 1946 for having "voluntarily maintained intelligence with a foreign power in times of war".[9] He later surrendered himself and appeared at the Military Prosecutor's Office in Recherches-Midi, Paris, and was acquitted on 20 February 1955 by the Paris Military Tribunal.[2]
| French mandate (1922–1930) |  |
|---|---|
| First Syrian Republic (1930–1950) | |
| Second Syrian Republic (1950–1958) | .svg) |
| United Arab Republic (1958–1961) | %2c_Flag_of_Syria_(1980%25E2%2580%25932024).svg) |
| Second Syrian Republic (1961–1963) | |
| Ba'athist Syria (1963–2024) | |
| Transitional period (2024–present) | .svg)
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* acting | |
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