Federal Republic of Nigeria | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Motto: "Unity and Faith, Peace and Progress" | |||||||
| Anthem: "Nigeria, We Hail Thee" | |||||||
.svg) Show globe Show map of Africa | |||||||
| Capital | Abuja 9°4′N7°29′E / 9.067°N 7.483°E /9.067; 7.483 | ||||||
| Largest city | Lagos | ||||||
| Official languages | English | ||||||
| National languages | |||||||
| Regional languages[1] | Over525 languages[2] | ||||||
| Ethnic groups (2018)[3] | |||||||
| Demonym | Nigerian | ||||||
| Government | Federalpresidential republic | ||||||
| Bola Tinubu | |||||||
| Kashim Shettima | |||||||
| Godswill Akpabio | |||||||
| Tajudeen Abbas | |||||||
| Kudirat Kekere-Ekun | |||||||
| Legislature | National Assembly | ||||||
| Senate | |||||||
| House of Representatives | |||||||
| Formation | |||||||
| 29 May 1999 | |||||||
| Area | |||||||
• Total | 923,769 km2 (356,669 sq mi) (31st) | ||||||
• Water (%) | 1.4 | ||||||
| Population | |||||||
• 2023 estimate |  236,747,130[4] (6th) | ||||||
• Density | 249.8/km2 (647.0/sq mi) (42nd) | ||||||
| GDP (PPP) | 2024 estimate | ||||||
• Total |  $1.443 trillion[5] (27th) | ||||||
• Per capita | $6,340[5] (142nd) | ||||||
| GDP (nominal) | 2024 estimate | ||||||
• Total |  $252.738 billion[5] (53rd) | ||||||
• Per capita | $1,110[5] (167th) | ||||||
| Gini (2020) |  35.1[6]medium inequality | ||||||
| HDI (2023) | 0.560[7] medium (164th) | ||||||
| Currency | Naira (₦) (NGN) | ||||||
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (WAT) | ||||||
| Date format | dd/mm/yyyy | ||||||
| Calling code | +234 | ||||||
| ISO 3166 code | NG | ||||||
| Internet TLD | .ng | ||||||
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 Nigeria portal |
TheFourth Republic is the currentrepublican government ofNigeria. Since 1999, it has governed the country according to the fourth republicanconstitution. Nigeria adopted the constitution of the Fourth Republic on 29 May 1999.[9]
Following the death of the militarydictator andde facto ruler of Nigeria GeneralSani Abacha in 1998, his successor, GeneralAbdulsalami Abubakar, initiated the transition which heralded Nigeria's return to democratic rule in 1999. The ban on political activities was lifted, and political prisoners were released from detention facilities. The constitution was modeled after that of the ill-fatedNigerian Second Republic—which saw theWestminster system of government jettisoned in favor of a system closer to theAmericanpresidential system. Political parties were formed, including thePeople's Democratic Party (PDP),All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP), and theAlliance for Democracy (AD), and elections were set for April 1999. In the widely monitored 1999 election, former military rulerOlusegun Obasanjo was elected on the PDP platform. On 29 May 1999, Obasanjo was sworn in as thecountry's president and commander-in-chief.
In the controversialgeneral election on 21 April 2007,Umaru Yar'Adua of the PDP was elected president. Following the death of Yar'Adua on 5 May 2010,Goodluck Jonathan became the third (and interim) president.[10] The next year, Johnathan won an election that was largely accredited as freer and fairer than all the previous elections of the Fourth Republic.[11] Former dictatorMuhammadu Buhari won the 28 March 2015general election, ending sixteen years (1999–2015) of PDP rule.[12] On 29 May 2015, Buhari was sworn in as the president of Nigeria, becoming the first opposition figure to win a presidential election since independence in 1960.[13][14]
All Progressives Congress (APC) candidateBola Tinubu won the February 2023 presidentialelection to succeed Buhari as Nigeria's next president. However, the opposition accused the government of electoral fraud during the polling.[15] On 29 May 2023, Tinubu was sworn in as Nigeria's president.[16]
| Accord | A |
| Action Alliance | AA |
| Action Democratic Party | ADP |
| Action Peoples Party | APP |
| African Action Congress | AAC |
| African Democratic Congress | ADC |
| All Progressives Grand Alliance | APGA |
| Allied Peoples Movement | APM |
| Boot Party | BP |
| Labour Party | LP |
| National Rescue Movement | NRM |
| New Nigeria Peoples Party | NNPP |
| Peoples Redemption Party | PRP |
| Social Democratic Party | SDP |
| Young Progressive Party | YPP |
| Zenith Labour Party | ZLP |
| President | Term | Party |
|---|---|---|
| Olusegun Obasanjo | 29 May 1999 – 29 May 2007 | PDP |
| Umaru Yar'Adua | 29 May 2007 – 5 May 2010 | PDP |
| Goodluck Jonathan | 6 May 2010 – 29 May 2015 | PDP |
| Muhammadu Buhari | 29 May 2015 – 29 May 2023 | APC |
| Bola Tinubu | 29 May 2023 – present | APC |
The terms 'right- and left-hand drive' refer to the position of the driver in the vehicle and are the reverse of the terms 'right- and left-hand traffic'.
| Queen (1960–1963) |  | |
|---|---|---|
| President of theFirst Republic (1963–1966) | ||
| Military regime (1966–1979) | ||
| President of theSecond Republic (1979–1983) | ||
| Military regime (1983–1999) | ||
| President of theFourth Republic (from 1999) | ||
*Civilian; headed transition to abortiveThird Republic | ||
