| The Fourth Doctor | |
|---|---|
| Doctor Who character | |
.jpg) Tom Baker as the Fourth Doctor | |
| First regular appearance | Robot (1974–1975) |
| Last regular appearance | Logopolis (1981) |
| Introduced by | Barry Letts |
| Portrayed by | Tom Baker |
| Preceded by | Jon Pertwee (Third Doctor) |
| Succeeded by | Peter Davison (Fifth Doctor) |
| Information | |
| Tenure | 28 December 1974 – 21 March 1981 |
| No of series | 7 |
| Appearances | 41 stories (172 episodes) |
| Companions | |
| Chronology | |
TheFourth Doctor is an incarnation ofthe Doctor, theprotagonist of the Britishscience fiction television seriesDoctor Who. He is portrayed byTom Baker.
Within the series' narrative, the Doctor is a centuries-oldalienTime Lord from the planetGallifrey whotravels in time and space in theTARDIS, frequently withcompanions. At the end of life, the Doctorregenerates; as a result, the physical appearance and personality of the Doctor changes. Preceded in regeneration by theThird Doctor (Jon Pertwee), he is followed by theFifth Doctor (Peter Davison).
Baker portrays the Fourth Doctor as a whimsical and sometimes brooding individual whose enormous personal warmth is at times tempered by his capacity for righteous anger. His initial companions were the journalistSarah Jane Smith (Elisabeth Sladen), who had travelled withhis previous incarnation, andSurgeon-LieutenantHarry Sullivan (Ian Marter) ofUNIT. His later companions were the warriorLeela (Louise Jameson), robotic dogK9 (John Leeson andDavid Brierly), fellow Time LordRomana (Mary Tamm andLalla Ward), teen mathematical geniusAdric (Matthew Waterhouse), teen alien aristocratNyssa (Sarah Sutton), and Australian flight attendantTegan Jovanka (Janet Fielding).
Baker portrayed the character for seven consecutive seasons, which remains the longest tenure of any actor to portray the lead, counting both the classic and new series. Baker's tenure as the Doctor is highly regarded amongfans of the show and he is considered as one of the most iconic incarnations of the character.
The Fourth Doctor appeared in 172 episodes (179, counting the regeneration in Part 6 ofPlanet of the Spiders and his untelevised appearances in the six-part aborted serialShada) over a seven-year period, from 1974 to 1981. This makes him the longest-running on-screen Doctor of the series.
He also appeared in the specials "The Five Doctors" (via footage from the incompleteShada), and made his final appearance as the Doctor in the charity specialDimensions in Time (aside from a series of television advertisements in New Zealand in 1997).[1]
This incarnation is generally regarded as one of the most recognisable of the Doctors and one of the most popular, especially in theUnited States. In polls conducted byDoctor Who Magazine, Tom Baker has lost the "Best Doctor" category only three times: once toSylvester McCoy (theSeventh Doctor) in 1990, and twice toDavid Tennant (theTenth Doctor) in 2006 and 2009.[2] The Fourth Doctor's eccentric style of dress and speech – particularly histrademark look of wearing a long scarf and having a fondness forJelly Babies – made him an immediately recognisable figure and he quickly captivated the viewing public's imagination. The producer of Baker's early seasons,Philip Hinchcliffe, stated that the Fourth Doctor'sbohemian appearance andanti-establishment style appealed to older, college-age students.[3] The Fourth Doctor's time enjoyed a significant boost in viewing figures, averaging between 8 and 10 million viewers in just his first year (20–25 percent of the entire viewing audience of Britain).[4] By 1979, the figures averaged between 9 and 11 million, going as high as 16.1 million for the final episode ofCity of Death (though this was during theITV technicians strike of 1979 which meant the BBC was the sole broadcaster on the air for several weeks).[5]
After succeedingJon Pertwee'sThird Doctor, Baker's portrayal of the Fourth was not initially received enthusiastically by all of the critics. One writer in theDaily Mail complained in early 1975 that, "Mr. Baker makes Doctor Who look likeHarpo Marx let loose fromHorse Feathers." Baker himself responded by saying, "We arenot playingDoctor Who for laughs. I am trying to stress his strangeness, that he is not of this world, not human, therefore his reactions will be different from ours. I take it all very seriously. He has to be genuinely lovable, not pleased by violence, and he must be honest. Humorous, but never comical."[6]
There are alsonovels and audio plays featuring the Fourth Doctor. Two early audio plays featuring Tom Baker voicing the Fourth Doctor date from Baker's television tenure as he had mainly declined to appear in any further audio plays since leaving the series. In 2009, however, it was announced that a new five-part series would be produced by BBC Audio (see below).
After contractingradiation poisoning from the crystals of the planet Metebelis 3, theThird Doctor makes his way back toUNIT headquarters in theTARDIS, where theTime Lord K'Anpo Rimpoche aids him inregenerating (Planet of the Spiders).
In his new incarnation, the Doctor is eager to leave Earth in favour of exploration, thus drawing back from continuous involvement with UNIT (with which he had worked closely as the Third Doctor). He has also grown tired of working for the Time Lords. Despite attempts to avoid them altogether, the Time Lords continue to send him on occasional missions, including an attempt to prevent the creation of theDaleks (Genesis of the Daleks), during which he also meetsDavros. The Doctor travels with journalistSarah Jane Smith, whom he had befriended prior to his regeneration, and, for a time, with UNIT Surgeon-Lieutenant Harry Sullivan.
After a battle with Zygons in Scotland, Harry (having just spent an entire season with the Doctor as they tried to get back to the TARDIS) decided that taking the train was safer than the TARDIS, which the Doctor and Sarah Jane chose to try to make an appointment in London. Instead they ended up on the planet Zeta Minor (Planet of Evil), located at the far edge of the known universe. From this point on, the Doctor and Sarah Jane travelled alone.
The Doctor's companionship with Sarah Jane came to an end when he received a telepathic summons to Gallifrey, as humans were not then allowed on the planet. The summons turns out to be part of a trap set by his enemythe Master. The renegade Time Lord has used up all his regenerations and has degenerated into little more than a withered skeletal husk. The Doctor is framed for the assassination of the President of the High Council of Time Lords and put on trial. To avoid execution, the Doctor invokes an obscure law and declares himself a candidate for the office, giving himself the time he needs to prove his innocence and expose the real culprit. This ultimately results in a climactic battle with the Master (The Deadly Assassin).
The Doctor is seen to travel alone for the first time, returning to a planet he had visited centuries before. During his previous visit, he had accidentally imprinted his own mind on a human colony ship's powerful computer, Xoanon, leaving it withmultiple personalities. On his second visit the Doctor is now remembered as an evil god by the descendants of the colonists, some of whom had become a warrior tribe called the Sevateem. After the Doctor cures the computer, one of the Sevateem,Leela, joins him on his travels (The Face of Evil). The Doctor brings the intelligent but uneducated Leela to many locales in human history, teaching her about science and her own species' past. InVictorian London, the pair encounters the magician Li Hsien Chang and his master, the self-styled Weng-Chiang (The Talons of Weng-Chiang). Weng-Chiang is revealed to be a time-jumping criminal from the Earth's distant future.
Later, the Doctor and Leela visit the Bi-Al Foundation medical centre, where they acquire the robot dogK-9 (The Invisible Enemy). While K-9 is malfunctioning, a time distortion leads the TARDIS back to contemporary rural England. While investigating the distortion, he and Leela are confronted by an ancient being that feeds on death from Time Lord history, called the Fendahl (Image of the Fendahl). Eventually, the Doctor returns to Gallifrey and declares himself Lord President, based on the election held during his previous visit. This is in fact a ploy to reveal and defeat a Vardan invasion plan, which led to the unexpected consequence of leaving Gallifrey open to attack by the Sontarans (The Invasion of Time). In the aftermath Leela and K9 decide to remain on Gallifrey. The Doctor comforts himself by producing K9 Mark II.
Shortly afterward, the powerfulWhite Guardian assigns the Doctor the task of finding the six segments ofthe Key to Time, sending a young female Time Lord namedRomana (as portrayed byMary Tamm) to assist him. The two Gallifreyans travel to a variety of planets, encountering strange and unusual allies and enemies, gathering the six segments and defeat the equally powerfulBlack Guardian, who sought the Key for himself. After the conclusion of the quest, Romana regenerates into a new form (portrayed then byLalla Ward) (Destiny of the Daleks).
In an effort to evade the Black Guardian, the Doctor installs a "Randomiser" in the TARDIS so that not even the Black Guardian can anticipate where they go. Ironically, the first place the Randomiser sends them is the home planet of the Daleks, Skaro (Destiny of the Daleks). Perhaps because of this, the Doctor begins frequently over-riding the machine, first travelling to Paris for a holiday, only to get caught up in an alien scheme to steal theMona Lisa (City of Death). He eventually discards the device altogether, remarking that he's fed up with not knowing where he's going.
Shortly after this, the Fourth Doctor and Romana are projected outside the known universe and into a universe of negative coordinates, known as Exo-Space. The TARDIS lands on a planet called Alzerius (Full Circle), where they are joined by a young prodigy namedAdric. It's in E-Space that the Doctor destroys the last of a race of giant Vampires who had once threatened all life in his universe. Eventually, the Doctor and his two companions find themselves in a white void with no coordinates, a sort of membrane between the two universes. A way out soon forms, but Romana and K-9 choose to remain behind to help free a race of enslaved creatures in E-Space (Warriors' Gate).
The Doctor and Adric have only just made it back when they're asked to help the people of Traken from a creature known as "Melkur." On Traken, Adric and the Doctor are introduced to the aristocratic teenNyssa of Traken. Both Nyssa and her father, Tremas, assist the Doctor in stopping Melkur, who is in fact revealed to be another TARDIS that is controlled by the Master. The Master is narrowly defeated, but manages to take over Tremas' body, thus giving himself a new incarnation.
The Doctor decides to travel to Earth to scan a real Police Box as part of a plan to repair the "Chameleon Circuit", the shape-changing mechanism in the TARDIS. However, the Doctor soon spots a mysterious ghostly figure looking at him in the distance. He eventually confronts the figure, who warns him of future dangers.
As the Doctor prepares to travel to the planet Logopolis to get the Chameleon Circuit fixed,Tegan Jovanka appears in the console room (having previously gotten lost in the corridors of the TARDIS). The conduit between E-Space and our own universe is revealed to be aCharged Vacuum Emboitment (CVE) created by the mathematicians ofLogopolis as part of a system to allow the Universe to continue on past its point ofheat death. Nyssa shows up, explaining that she was brought to Logopolis by the same figure that the Doctor encountered. Logopolis soon falls under the Master's control, but the stasis field he is generating ends up releasingEntropy and eroding matter throughout the universe, threatening to destroy the entire universe.
The Master agrees to help the Doctor stop the spread of Entropy by adapting the Pharos Projectradio telescope on Earth so that they are able to reopen the CVEs. However, when the Master tries to take control of it, the Doctor runs out under the upturned radio dish to sever the cable linking the Master to the CVEs. The Master makes the dish start rotating so that the Doctor will fall to his death. Before he falls, he manages to tear out the cable, only to leave his companions watching as he clings to the cable. As his grip begins to slip, he sees visions of all the enemies he's faced over the years, then falls. Adric, Nyssa, and Tegan gather around the mortally wounded Doctor and call out his name. The Doctor begins seeing visions of all hiscompanions and even the Brigadier calling his name.
He then looks up at the three of them and utters his last words: "It's the end-- but the moment has been prepared for..." He then motions to the white-clad figure of the Watcher, who begins approaching the Doctor. The Watcher, a manifestation of the Doctor's future incarnation, merges with the Doctor and triggers his regeneration. "He was the Doctor all the time," remarks Nyssa, as the three watch him transform into theFifth Doctor.
The Fourth Doctor appears again in the 20th anniversary special "The Five Doctors" (1983). A renegade Time Lord attempts to pull the first five incarnations of the Doctor out of time, inadvertently trapping the Fourth Doctor (and Romana) in a "time eddy" from which they are later freed. The Fourth Doctor also had a small cameo at the beginning ofDimensions in Time, warning his Third, Fifth, Sixth and Seventh incarnation to watch out forThe Rani. Brief holographic clips of the Fourth Doctor appear in "The Next Doctor" (2008) and "The Eleventh Hour" (2010).
In the fiftieth anniversary special, "The Day of the Doctor" (2013), the Fourth Doctor appears again in clips as past and future incarnations come together to assist in the saving of Gallifrey. Tom Baker also appears in the final scene of the episode, as a mysterious elderly museum curator who appears right after the Eleventh Doctor remarks he would like to hold this job some day. He alludes to his resemblance to the Fourth Doctor by talking about revisiting "old favourite" faces and hints that he too might be or have been the Doctor.
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Imposingly tall, with eyes that seem to constantly boggle, a mass of curls for hair and prominently displayed teeth, the Doctor favours an outfit that usually consists of a whiteshirt,waistcoat,cravat,trousers, afrock coat (withpockets containing a seemingly endless array of apparently useless items that would nevertheless suit the Doctor's purposes when used), afedora and, most famously, his impractically long, multi-coloured scarf, which was apparently knitted for him by MadameNostradamus (whom he refers to as a "witty little knitter"). When it is damaged inThe Ark in Space (1975), the Doctor declares with regret that it is "irreplaceable."
According to Baker, the Doctor's scarf was the idea of costume designerJames Acheson. Knowing little about knitting, Acheson procured large quantities of wool in various colours and commissioned Begonia Pope, a friend of his, to create a colourful design. She proceeded to use all of the wool provided, resulting in the absurdly long, but iconic, accessory.[7]
Producer Philip Hinchcliffe had wardrobe create four distinct coats for Baker to wear depending on the type of story, the first being a rustsafari jacket that he wore throughout all of his first season and for two serials of his second; the other three (full-length) coats were of dark plum burgundyvelvet, later replaced by a similar dark brown velvet following the in universe loss of the former inThe Deadly Assassin and light greytweed. The Wardrobe Department also sourced a brown wide-brimmed felt fedora fromHerbert Johnson.[8] The rest of Baker's costume pieces (cravats, trousers, boots, shoes, waistcoats and shirts) were sourced from various sources, with several pieces custom made for Baker, notably his brown leather knee length cuff boots acquired during the production ofThe Deadly Assassin. A wider, brighter-coloured scarf debuted with Baker's fourth season and a light brown coat was introduced late in his fifth season. Baker also appeared in a one-offSherlock Holmes-inspired costume inThe Talons of Weng-Chiang.
According to both the creators of the show and Baker, the character's look was originally based on paintings and posters byHenri de Toulouse-Lautrec of his friend,Aristide Bruant, a singer and nightclub owner whose trademark was a black cloak and long red scarf.[9]
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When John Nathan-Turner became the show's producer in Baker's last year, the Fourth Doctor was the first to sport an item of clothing adorned with question marks as a motif, in this case, above the points on his shirt collars. His overall costume was redesigned, changing the colour focus from brown to burgundy. DesignerJune Hudson later revealed in an interview that Nathan-Turner had even given her permission to remove the scarf altogether if she wanted to.[10] Hudson opted to keep the scarf, as it was such an iconic part of the character, changing it to crimson with violet purple stripes, although knitted from lighter weight chenille. The Doctor also gained a new wool greatcoat, waistcoat and corduroy breeches, with matching hat, which he wore for the remainder of his incarnation.
The early stories of the Fourth Doctor were characterised by a strong "Gothic Horror" theme. The duo of writer/script editorRobert Holmes and producerPhilip Hinchcliffe consciously tapped into horror icons likemummies (Pyramids of Mars) andFrankenstein (The Brain of Morbius,Robot),vampires (State of Decay) and Jekyll and Hyde (Planet of Evil), and eventransformation (The Ark in Space,The Seeds of Doom) and various themes likealien abduction. In these stories, they were given a science fiction explanation, rather than the typicalmagic.
The Hinchcliffe Era (1974–1977) is one of the most controversial in the classic series run, the increasing horror elements and depictions of violence attracted much criticism fromMary Whitehouse, who had previously attacked theBarry Letts era for serials likeTerror of the Autons (1971). The controversy led BBC Director General to apologise to Whitehouse for the ending of one episode ofThe Seeds of Doom (1976).[11] Hinchcliffe was moved on to police dramaTarget in 1977 at the conclusion of his third year.Graham Williams – who had been developingTarget – was brought on to take over as producer for Baker's fourth season.
Williams was given specific instructions to lighten the tone of the stories, thus playing to Baker's strengths. However, the first three stories (which were geared towards the previous style) had already been commissioned. Robert Holmes had agreed to stay on to edit them, but he ended up leaving after only doing the first two,Horror of Fang Rock (1977) andThe Invisible Enemy (1977). The task of editingImage of the Fendahl (1977) fell to his successorAnthony Read. The season was only narrowly finished. With the cast and crew suffering from burnout and lack of resources, the season finaleThe Invasion of Time (1978) was completed largely by virtue of it having been written to make use of preexisting sets, props, and costumes.
For their second season, Williams and Read had planned out an overarching storyline that would run through the whole of the season. With more editorial control, it was also decided that the writers would put more emphasis on elements of fantasy and humour. Holmes wrote the first story,The Ribos Operation (1978), and the writing team ofBob Baker andDave Martin handled what would be the final story of the season,The Armageddon Factor (1979).Douglas Adams wrote the second story,The Pirate Planet (1978), while another newcomer,David Fisher, wrote the third and fourth stories. Again, difficulties began to arise when the fifth story fell through. Robert Holmes consented to writing what would becomeThe Power of Kroll (1978–79).
Williams' third and final year on the show is considered a high point in terms of ratings and stories for the entire series. However it proved even more difficult for Williams behind the scenes, as he found Tom Baker increasingly hard to cope with. The most watched episode ever ofDoctor Who was "Part 4" ofCity of Death (by Fisher, Adams, and Williams) which drew 16.1 million viewers.Douglas Adams became script editor and his style can be seen in the dialogue and stories. For example, inDestiny of the Daleks (1979), Adams included a scene of the Doctor trapped under a boulder that resembles a similar scene in the second series ofThe Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. His time as script editor was beset by problems; Adams often ended up having to greatly edit and even rewrite stories. Once again, facing burnout and lack of funds, Adams eventually agreed to write the final storyShada. Production proved difficult and ended up being unfinished due to a strike at the BBC. Williams left the show, dissatisfied with having left on what he considered to be a low note.
In Season 18,John Nathan-Turner became the series' producer. He instituted a number of changes to the show, including toning down the humour and introducing more science fiction concepts.[12] During this season the Fourth Doctor became very much subdued and, on occasion, melancholy. Baker began the season in poor health, though he eventually recovered. Both the actor and the character seemed noticeably older and tired, due to Baker's gaunt appearance and greying hair. Baker had been finding the role harder and harder to maintain and the previous season had been particularly draining on him. Many of this season's stories also had anelegiac tone, withentropy and decay being a recurring theme.
New script editorChristopher Bidmead found himself faced with a serious problem from the outset of his time on the show. He ultimately deemed many of the stories left to him by Adams to be unusable, being too close to the humour-driven stories of the previous season. The only one he ended up using wasThe Leisure Hive (1980), though only after heavily editing it. Bidmead asked a pair of writing friends to come up with what would be the second story of the season,Meglos (1980), which ended up being regarded as one of the weakest shows in the series' history up to that point.[13]
Bidmead only began to gain some momentum by the fifth story,Warriors' Gate. The story is notable for the Doctor's sombre mood and seeming death wish, as well as the surprisingly adult nature of the story. The surreal, even dream-like elements, such as time shifts and walking through mirrors, also earned the story some distinction. At John Nathan-Turner's insistence the Master was brought back. This was accomplished by Bidmead changing the villain inThe Keeper of Traken (1981) into the Master.
The overarching theme of decay reaches its conclusion in Baker's final storyLogopolis (1981), which Bidmead personally wrote. The story is particularly sombre, even grim at times. Themes of decay and death are constant in the story, personified in the ghostly Watcher, effectively a harbinger of the Fourth Doctor's 'death'.
The Fourth Doctor's stories saw fewer recurring (or returning) enemies than in previous eras. The Daleks only appeared twice and the Cybermen only had one story,Revenge of the Cybermen (1975).UNIT, which had featured in most of the Third Doctor's adventures, only appeared in four early Fourth Doctor stories, playing a minor role in its last appearance, season 13'sThe Seeds of Doom (1976) in which none of the regular UNIT staff appeared.
At the same time, stories such asThe Deadly Assassin (1976) established most of the mythology surrounding theTime Lords and the Doctor's home planet Gallifrey and that would remain a key feature for the rest of the classic series and still be felt in the revived series. For example, it is established that Time Lords only have a limited number of regenerations, which is a driving plot point in the storiesMawdryn Undead, "The Five Doctors",The Trial of a Time Lord, the1996 television movie and the 2013 Christmas special "The Time of the Doctor".
Visions of the Fourth Doctor appear in theFifth Doctor serialsEarthshock (1982),Mawdryn Undead (1983) andResurrection of the Daleks (1984), and in the 21st century series in the episodes "The Next Doctor", "The Eleventh Hour", "The Lodger", "Nightmare in Silver", "The Magician's Apprentice", "Twice Upon a Time", "The Timeless Children", "Rogue", "The Story & The Engine", "Wish World" and "The Reality War". His voice is also used in "The Almost People". The Fourth Doctor also appears in Sarah Jane's flashback inThe Mad Woman in the Attic, via footage taken fromThe Hand of Fear. Similar flashbacks appear inThe Sarah Jane Adventures storyDeath of the Doctor. In "The Name of the Doctor," he is seen briefly byClara Oswald wandering around the TARDIS (clip taken fromThe Invasion of Time). He was also seen as an echo running past Clara inside the Eleventh Doctor's time stream in the end of "The Name of the Doctor." Archival images were used for his appearance in "The Day of the Doctor". During the special, Tom Baker portrays a mysterious museum curator who speaks with theEleventh Doctor and hints to him that he may be a future version of the Doctor "revisiting" a favourite past incarnation. The Fourth Doctor is also seen briefly duringMissy's exposition of theTwelfth Doctor's fighting android assassins ("The Witch's Familiar"). The Fourth Doctor also appears via archival footage taken fromPyramids of Mars in "Empire of Death" to provide context on the return of Sutekh.
For audiences in the United States, who saw the show only in syndication (mostly onPBS), Tom Baker was the incarnation of the Doctor who is the best known, since his episodes were the ones most frequently broadcast stateside. The first four seasons of these Time Life distributed stories added narration byHoward da Silva at the beginning and end of each episode. Also in Italy, where most of the classic series ofDoctor Who were never broadcast on television, the only episodes to be broadcast were those of the Fourth Doctor.[14][15][16]
The Fourth Doctor's distinctive appearance and manner have made him a target for affectionate parody. The character has appeared several times onThe Simpsons and twice onRobot Chicken. He also had a cameo onFuturama emerging from the stomach of a space whale, and another episode, where he is briefly seen running into theTARDIS. OnTheBig Bang Theory, Stuart dresses as The Fourth Doctor at a party in the episode “The Justice League Recombination”. In the computer gameHugo II, Whodunit?, the player can save the Fourth Doctor from a Dalek in return for hissonic screwdriver. He is frequently impersonated by impressionistJon Culshaw on the radio and television seriesDead Ringers, who also voiced the Doctor for the Big Finish audioThe Kingmaker. Archival footage of the Fourth Doctor's first title sequence was used in theFamily Guy episode "Blue Harvest" to parody hyperspace fromStar Wars. InAmerican Dad! some Whovians were shown, with several of them dressed as the Fourth Doctor. As the narrator ofLittle Britain, Tom Baker has himself alluded toDoctor Who. In the 24th episode of the seriesEpic Rap Battles of History theTenth Doctor is in a rap battle withDoc Brown fromBack to the Future when he is shot by a Dalek and regenerates into the Fourth Doctor (played byGeorge Watsky).[17]
A background character appearing in one episode ofToast of London portrayed byLewis MacLeod highly resembles the fourth incarnation of the Doctor, and is heavily implied to be him in the episode itself.Peter Davison, who played the fifth incarnation, also appears in the series as himself.[18]
In 1979 and 1980, Tom Baker played the Fourth Doctor (alongsideLalla Ward's Romana) in a series of four television commercials forPrime Computer.[19] Disliking the scripts he was given, Baker agreed to film the advertisements only if he could rewrite them himself, and added a scene where the Doctor follows the computer's instruction to marry Romana.[20] In 1997, Baker reprised the role once again in a spot for New Zealand's National Superannuation insurance company.[21]
Tom Baker also recorded narration, in character as the Fourth Doctor, for a 1976 audio release ofGenesis of the Daleks, which was subsequently re-issued by the BBC on cassette and CD as a radio drama. Baker returned again toDoctor Who for the 1990s audio cassette releases of "lost" Doctor Who stories. For some of these stories, he is in character as the Doctor. For others, he merely provides descriptive narration.
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