1879-1881 U.S. Congress
The46th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of theUnited States Senate and theUnited States House of Representatives . It met inWashington, D.C. from March 4, 1879, to March 4, 1881, during the last two years ofRutherford Hayes's presidency .
The apportionment of seats in thisHouse of Representatives was based on the1870 United States census . The Senate had aDemocratic majority, while the House of Representatives had aDemocratic plurality. The Democrats were still able to control the House, however, with the help of the Independent politicians who caucused with them.
House of Representatives [ edit ] President of the SenateWilliam A. Wheeler Senate President pro temporeAllen G. Thurman House SpeakerSamuel J. Randall House of Representatives [ edit ] Depression of 1873–79 March 18, 1879:Samuel J. Randall was elected in one of the most tightly fought contests for the speakership after the Civil War. Randall, who favored the protective tariff and "hard money," drew his greatest strength from northern cities and greatest opposition from the west and south. The midterm elections of 1878 had gone badly for the Democrats, with theGreenback Party making inroads in key districts. This emboldened Randall's opponents, who rallied to the support ofJoseph Blackburn from Kentucky. In the end, Randall prevailed in the Democratic caucus to receive the nomination, with 75 votes to Blackburn's 57 and a scattering of 9 votes to three other candidates. Blackburn, in moving to make Randall's nomination unanimous, steered his supporters away from the nomination ofHendrick B. Wright , a Democrat from Pennsylvania who was nominated by the Greenbacks. In the eventual vote in the House to elect the Speaker, Randall prevailed with 144 votes, to 125 forJames Garfield (Republican from Ohio), 13 for Wright, and one for William "Pig Iron" Kelley (Pennsylvania). November 2, 1880:U.S. presidential election, 1880 :James Garfield (R) defeatedWinfield S. Hancock (D) February 19, 1881: Kansas became the first state to prohibit alcohol. This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.
Skip to House of Representatives , belowPreceding the names in the list below areSenate class numbers , which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1880; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1882; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring re-election in 1884.
▌ 2.John T. Morgan (D)▌ 3.George S. Houston (D), until December 31, 1879▌ Luke Pryor (D), January 7, 1880 - November 23, 1880▌ James L. Pugh (D), from November 24, 1880▌ 2.Augustus Garland (D)▌ 3.James D. Walker (D)▌ 1.Newton Booth (AM)▌ 3.James T. Farley (D)▌ 2.Henry M. Teller (R)▌ 3.Nathaniel P. Hill (R)▌ 1.William W. Eaton (D)▌ 3.Orville H. Platt (R)▌ 1.Thomas Bayard Sr. (D)▌ 2.Eli Saulsbury (D)▌ 1.Charles W. Jones (D)▌ 3.Wilkinson Call (D)▌ 2.Benjamin Hill (D)▌ 3.John B. Gordon (D), until May 26, 1880▌ Joseph E. Brown (D), from May 26, 1880▌ 2.David Davis (I)▌ 3.John A. Logan (R)▌ 1.Joseph E. McDonald (D)▌ 3.Daniel W. Voorhees (D)▌ 2.Samuel J. Kirkwood (R)▌ 3.William B. Allison (R)▌ 2.Preston B. Plumb (R)▌ 3.John J. Ingalls (R)▌ 2.James B. Beck (D)▌ 3.John S. Williams (D)▌ 2.William Pitt Kellogg (R)▌ 3.Benjamin F. Jonas (D)▌ 1.Hannibal Hamlin (R)▌ 2.James G. Blaine (R)▌ 1.William Pinkney Whyte (D)▌ 3.James B. Groome (D)▌ 1.Henry L. Dawes (R)▌ 2.George F. Hoar (R)▌ 1.Zachariah Chandler (R), until November 1, 1879▌ Henry P. Baldwin (R), from November 17, 1879▌ 2.Thomas W. Ferry (R)▌ 1.Samuel J. R. McMillan (R)▌ 2.William Windom (R)
▌ 1.Blanche Bruce (R)▌ 2.Lucius Q. C. Lamar (D)▌ 1.Francis Cockrell (D)▌ 3.George G. Vest (D)▌ 1.Algernon Paddock (R)▌ 2.Alvin Saunders (R)▌ 1.William Sharon (R)▌ 3.John P. Jones (R)▌ 2.Edward H. Rollins (R)▌ 3.Charles Bell (R), March 13, 1879 - June 18, 1879▌ Henry W. Blair (R), from June 18, 1879▌ 1.Theodore Randolph (D)▌ 2.John R. McPherson (D)▌ 1.Francis Kernan (D)▌ 3.Roscoe Conkling (R)▌ 2.Matt W. Ransom (D)▌ 3.Zebulon B. Vance (D)▌ 1.Allen G. Thurman (D)▌ 3.George H. Pendleton (D)▌ 2.La Fayette Grover (D)▌ 3.James H. Slater (D)▌ 1.William A. Wallace (D)▌ 3.J. Donald Cameron (R)▌ 1.Ambrose Burnside (R)▌ 2.Henry B. Anthony (R)▌ 2.Matthew C. Butler (D)▌ 3.Wade Hampton III (D)▌ 1.James E. Bailey (D)▌ 2.Isham G. Harris (D)▌ 1.Samuel B. Maxey (D)▌ 2.Richard Coke (D)▌ 1.George F. Edmunds (R)▌ 3.Justin Morrill (R)▌ 1.Robert E. Withers (D)▌ 2.John W. Johnston (D)▌ 1.Frank Hereford (D)▌ 2.Henry G. Davis (D)▌ 1.Angus Cameron (R)▌ 3.Matthew H. Carpenter (R), until February 24, 1881Senators' party membership by state at the opening of the 46th Congress in March 1879. The green stripes in California represent Newton Booth of theAnti-Monopoly Party , while the gray stripes in Illinois represent independent David Davis. 2 Democrats
1 Democrat and 1 Republican
2 Republicans
Territories
House of Representatives [ edit ] The names of representatives are preceded by their district numbers.
▌ 1 Thomas H. Herndon (D)▌ 2 Hilary A. Herbert (D)▌ 3 William J. Samford (D)▌ 4 Charles M. Shelley (D)▌ 5 Thomas Williams (D)▌ 6 Burwell Lewis (D), until October 1, 1880▌ Newton N. Clements (D), from December 8, 1880▌ 7 William H. Forney (D)▌ 8 William M. Lowe (GB)▌ 1 Poindexter Dunn (D)▌ 2 William F. Slemons (D)▌ 3 Jordan E. Cravens (D)▌ 4 Thomas M. Gunter (D)▌ 1 Horace Davis (R)▌ 2 Horace F. Page (R)▌ 3 Campbell P. Berry (D)▌ 4 Romualdo Pacheco (R)▌ At-large James B. Belford (R)▌ 1 Joseph R. Hawley (R)▌ 2 James Phelps (D)▌ 3 John T. Wait (R)▌ 4 Frederick Miles (R)▌ At-large Edward L. Martin (D)▌ 1 Robert H. M. Davidson (D)▌ 2 Noble A. Hull (D), until January 22, 1881▌ Horatio Bisbee Jr. (R), from January 22, 1881▌ 1 John C. Nicholls (D)▌ 2 William E. Smith (D)▌ 3 Philip Cook (D)▌ 4 Henry Persons (ID)▌ 5 Nathaniel J. Hammond (D)▌ 6 James Blount (D)▌ 7 William Felton (D)▌ 8 Alexander H. Stephens (D)▌ 9 Emory Speer (ID)▌ 1 William Aldrich (R)▌ 2 George R. Davis (R)▌ 3 Hiram Barber Jr. (R)▌ 4 John C. Sherwin (R)▌ 5 Robert M. A. Hawk (R)▌ 6 Thomas J. Henderson (R)▌ 7 Philip C. Hayes (R)▌ 8 Greenbury L. Fort (R)▌ 9 Thomas A. Boyd (R)▌ 10 Benjamin F. Marsh (R)▌ 11 James W. Singleton (D)▌ 12 William M. Springer (D)▌ 13 Adlai E. Stevenson (D)▌ 14 Joseph G. Cannon (R)▌ 15 Albert P. Forsythe (GB)▌ 16 William A. J. Sparks (D)▌ 17 William R. Morrison (D)▌ 18 John R. Thomas (R)▌ 19 Richard W. Townshend (D)▌ 1 William Heilman (R)▌ 2 Thomas R. Cobb (D)▌ 3 George A. Bicknell (D)▌ 4 Jeptha D. New (D)▌ 5 Thomas M. Browne (R)▌ 6 William R. Myers (D)▌ 7 Gilbert De La Matyr (GB)▌ 8 Abraham J. Hostetler (D)▌ 9 Godlove S. Orth (R)▌ 10 William H. Calkins (R)▌ 11 Calvin Cowgill (R)▌ 12 Walpole G. Colerick (D)▌ 13 John Baker (R)▌ 1 Moses A. McCoid (R)▌ 2 Hiram Price (R)▌ 3 Thomas Updegraff (R)▌ 4 Nathaniel C. Deering (R)▌ 5 Rush Clark (R), until April 29, 1879▌ William G. Thompson (R), from December 1, 1879▌ 6 James B. Weaver (GB)▌ 7 Edward H. Gillette (GB)▌ 8 William F. Sapp (R)▌ 9 Cyrus C. Carpenter (R)▌ 1 John A. Anderson (R)▌ 2 Dudley C. Haskell (R)▌ 3 Thomas Ryan (R)▌ 1 Oscar Turner (ID)▌ 2 James A. McKenzie (D)▌ 3 John William Caldwell (D)▌ 4 J. Proctor Knott (D)▌ 5 Albert S. Willis (D)▌ 6 John G. Carlisle (D)▌ 7 Joseph C. S. Blackburn (D)▌ 8 Philip B. Thompson Jr. (D)▌ 9 Thomas Turner (D)▌ 10 Elijah C. Phister (D)▌ 1 Randall L. Gibson (D)▌ 2 E. John Ellis (D)▌ 3 Joseph H. Acklen (D)▌ 4 Joseph B. Elam (D)▌ 5 J. Floyd King (D)▌ 6 Edward W. Robertson (D)▌ 1 Thomas B. Reed (R)▌ 2 William P. Frye (R)▌ 3 Stephen D. Lindsey (R)▌ 4 George W. Ladd (GB)▌ 5 Thompson H. Murch (GB)▌ 1 Daniel M. Henry (D)▌ 2 J. Frederick C. Talbott (D)▌ 3 William Kimmel (D)▌ 4 Robert M. McLane (D)▌ 5 Eli J. Henkle (D)▌ 6 Milton G. Urner (R)▌ 1 William W. Crapo (R)▌ 2 Benjamin W. Harris (R)▌ 3 Walbridge A. Field (R)▌ 4 Leopold Morse (D)▌ 5 Selwyn Z. Bowman (R)▌ 6 George B. Loring (R)▌ 7 William A. Russell (R)▌ 8 William Claflin (R)▌ 9 William W. Rice (R)▌ 10 Amasa Norcross (R)▌ 11 George D. Robinson (R)▌ 1 John Newberry (R)▌ 2 Edwin Willits (R)▌ 3 Jonas H. McGowan (R)▌ 4 Julius C. Burrows (R)▌ 5 John W. Stone (R)▌ 6 Mark S. Brewer (R)▌ 7 Omar D. Conger (R), until March 3, 1881▌ 8 Roswell G. Horr (R)▌ 9 Jay Hubbell (R)▌ 1 Mark H. Dunnell (R)▌ 2 Henry Poehler (D)▌ 3 William D. Washburn (R)▌ 1 Henry L. Muldrow (D)▌ 2 Vannoy Manning (D)▌ 3 Hernando Money (D)▌ 4 Otho R. Singleton (D)▌ 5 Charles E. Hooker (D)▌ 6 James Chalmers (D)▌ 1 Martin L. Clardy (D)▌ 2 Erastus Wells (D)▌ 3 Richard G. Frost (D)▌ 4 Lowndes H. Davis (D)▌ 5 Richard P. Bland (D)▌ 6 James R. Waddill (D)▌ 7 Alfred M. Lay (D), until December 8, 1879▌ John F. Philips (D), from January 10, 1880▌ 8 Samuel L. Sawyer (ID)▌ 9 Nicholas Ford (GB)▌ 10 Gideon F. Rothwell (D)▌ 11 John B. Clark Jr. (D)▌ 12 William H. Hatch (D)▌ 13 Aylett H. Buckner (D)
▌ At-large Edward K. Valentine (R)▌ At-large Rollin M. Daggett (R)▌ 1 Joshua G. Hall (R)▌ 2 James F. Briggs (R)▌ 3 Evarts Farr (R), until November 30, 1880▌ Ossian Ray (R), from January 8, 1881▌ 1 George M. Robeson (R)▌ 2 Hezekiah Smith (D)▌ 3 Miles Ross (D)▌ 4 Alvah A. Clark (D)▌ 5 Charles H. Voorhis (R)▌ 6 John L. Blake (R)▌ 7 Lewis A. Brigham (R)▌ 1 James W. Covert (D)▌ 2 Daniel O'Reilly (ID)▌ 3 Simeon B. Chittenden (R)▌ 4 Archibald M. Bliss (D)▌ 5 Nicholas Muller (D)▌ 6 Samuel S. Cox (D)▌ 7 Edwin Einstein (R)▌ 8 Anson G. McCook (R)▌ 9 Fernando Wood (D), until February 14, 1881▌ 10 James O'Brien (ID)▌ 11 Levi P. Morton (R)▌ 12 Waldo Hutchins (D), from November 4, 1879▌ 13 John H. Ketcham (R)▌ 14 John W. Ferdon (R)▌ 15 William Lounsbery (D)▌ 16 John M. Bailey (R)▌ 17 Walter A. Wood (R)▌ 18 John Hammond (R)▌ 19 Amaziah B. James (R)▌ 20 John H. Starin (R)▌ 21 David Wilber (R)▌ 22 Warner Miller (R)▌ 23 Cyrus D. Prescott (R)▌ 24 Joseph Mason (R)▌ 25 Frank Hiscock (R)▌ 26 John H. Camp (R)▌ 27 Elbridge G. Lapham (R)▌ 28 Jeremiah W. Dwight (R)▌ 29 David P. Richardson (R)▌ 30 John Van Voorhis (R)▌ 31 Richard Crowley (R)▌ 32 Ray V. Pierce (R), until September 18, 1880▌ Jonathan Scoville (D), from November 12, 1880▌ 33 Henry H. Van Aernam (R)▌ 1 Joseph Martin (R), until January 29, 1881▌ Jesse J. Yeates (D), from January 29, 1881▌ 2 William H. Kitchin (D)▌ 3 Daniel Russell (GB)▌ 4 Joseph J. Davis (D)▌ 5 Alfred M. Scales (D)▌ 6 Walter L. Steele (D)▌ 7 Robert F. Armfield (D)▌ 8 Robert B. Vance (D)▌ 1 Benjamin Butterworth (R)▌ 2 Thomas L. Young (R)▌ 3 John A. McMahon (D)▌ 4 J. Warren Keifer (R)▌ 5 Benjamin Le Fevre (D)▌ 6 William D. Hill (D)▌ 7 Frank H. Hurd (D)▌ 8 Ebenezer B. Finley (D)▌ 9 George L. Converse (D)▌ 10 Thomas Ewing Jr. (D)▌ 11 Henry L. Dickey (D)▌ 12 Henry S. Neal (R)▌ 13 Adoniram J. Warner (D)▌ 14 Gibson Atherton (D)▌ 15 George W. Geddes (D)▌ 16 William McKinley (R)▌ 17 James Monroe (R)▌ 18 Jonathan T. Updegraff (R)▌ 19 James A. Garfield (R), until November 8, 1880▌ Ezra B. Taylor (R), from December 13, 1880▌ 20 Amos Townsend (R)▌ At-large John Whiteaker (D)▌ 1 Henry H. Bingham (R)▌ 2 Charles O'Neill (R)▌ 3 Samuel J. Randall (D)▌ 4 William D. Kelley (R)▌ 5 Alfred C. Harmer (R)▌ 6 William Ward (R)▌ 7 William Godshalk (R)▌ 8 Hiester Clymer (D)▌ 9 A. Herr Smith (R)▌ 10 Reuben Bachman (D)▌ 11 Robert Klotz (D)▌ 12 Hendrick B. Wright (GB)▌ 13 John Ryon (D)▌ 14 John W. Killinger (R)▌ 15 Edward Overton Jr. (R)▌ 16 John I. Mitchell (R)▌ 17 Alexander H. Coffroth (D)▌ 18 Horatio G. Fisher (R)▌ 19 Frank E. Beltzhoover (D)▌ 20 Seth Yocum (GB)▌ 21 Morgan R. Wise (D)▌ 22 Russell Errett (R)▌ 23 Thomas M. Bayne (R)▌ 24 William S. Shallenberger (R)▌ 25 Harry White (R)▌ 26 Samuel Dick (R)▌ 27 James H. Osmer (R)▌ 1 Nelson W. Aldrich (R)▌ 2 Latimer W. Ballou (R)▌ 1 John S. Richardson (D)▌ 2 Michael P. O'Connor (D)▌ 3 D. Wyatt Aiken (D)▌ 4 John H. Evins (D)▌ 5 George D. Tillman (D)▌ 1 Robert L. Taylor (D)▌ 2 Leonidas C. Houk (R)▌ 3 George G. Dibrell (D)▌ 4 Benton McMillin (D)▌ 5 John M. Bright (D)▌ 6 John F. House (D)▌ 7 Washington C. Whitthorne (D)▌ 8 John D. C. Atkins (D)▌ 9 Charles B. Simonton (D)▌ 10 H. Casey Young (D)▌ 1 John H. Reagan (D)▌ 2 David B. Culberson (D)▌ 3 Olin Wellborn (D)▌ 4 Roger Q. Mills (D)▌ 5 George W. Jones (GB)▌ 6 Christopher C. Upson (D), from April 15, 1879▌ 1 Charles H. Joyce (R)▌ 2 James M. Tyler (R)▌ 3 Bradley Barlow (GB)▌ 1 Richard Lee T. Beale (D)▌ 2 John Goode Jr. (D)▌ 3 Joseph E. Johnston (D)▌ 4 Joseph Jorgensen (R)▌ 5 George Cabell (D)▌ 6 John R. Tucker (D)▌ 7 John T. Harris (D)▌ 8 Eppa Hutton II (D)▌ 9 James Richmond (D)▌ 1 Benjamin Wilson (D)▌ 2 Benjamin F. Martin (D)▌ 3 John E. Kenna (D)▌ 1 Charles G. Williams (R)▌ 2 Lucien B. Caswell (R)▌ 3 George Hazelton (R)▌ 4 Peter V. Deuster (D)▌ 5 Edward S. Bragg (D)▌ 6 Gabriel Bouck (D)▌ 7 Herman L. Humphrey (R)▌ 8 Thaddeus C. Pound (R)Non-voting delegates [ edit ] ▌ Arizona Territory John G. Campbell (D)▌ Dakota Territory Granville G. Bennett (R)▌ Idaho Territory George Ainslie (D)▌ Montana Territory Martin Maginnis (D)▌ New Mexico Territory Mariano S. Otero (R)▌ Utah Territory George Q. Cannon (R)▌ Washington Territory Thomas H. Brents (R)▌ Wyoming Territory Stephen Downey (R)House seats by party holding plurality in state 80+% to 100% Democratic
80+% to 100% Republican
60+% to 80% Democratic
60+% to 80% Republican
Up to 60% Democratic
Up to 60% Republican
Changes in membership [ edit ] The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
Replacements: 4 Deaths: 3 Resignations: 1 Interim appointments: 2 Total seats with changes: 5 Senate changes State Vacated by Reason for change Successor Date of successor's formal installation[ b] New Hampshire (3)Vacant Legislature had failed to elect. Charles H. Bell (R)March 13, 1879 New Hampshire (3)Charles H. Bell (R)Successor elected June 18, 1879, but did not begin service until June 20, 1879, for unknown reasons. Henry W. Blair (R)June 20, 1879 Michigan (1)Zachariah Chandler (R)Died November 1, 1879. Henry P. Baldwin (R)November 17, 1879 Alabama (3)George S. Houston (D)Died December 31, 1879. Luke Pryor (D)January 7, 1880 Georgia (3)John B. Gordon (D)Resigned May 26, 1880, to promote building of theGeorgia Pacific Railway . Joseph E. Brown (D)May 26, 1880 Alabama (3)Luke Pryor (D)Successor elected November 23, 1880. James L. Pugh (D)November 24, 1880 Wisconsin (3)Matthew H. Carpenter (R)Died February 24, 1881. Vacant Not filled this term
House of Representatives [ edit ] Replacements: 8 Deaths: 4 Resignations: 3 Contested election: 2 Total seats with changes: 11 House changes District Vacated by Reason for change Successor Date of successor's formal installation[ b] Texas 6 Vacant Rep.Gustav Schleicher died during previous congress Christopher C. Upson (D)April 15, 1879 New York 12 Vacant Rep.-elect Alexander Smith died during previous congress Waldo Hutchins (D)November 4, 1879 Iowa 5 Rush Clark (R)Died April 29, 1879 William G. Thompson (R)October 14, 1879 Missouri 7 Alfred M. Lay (D)Died December 8, 1879 John F. Philips (D)January 10, 1880 New York 32 Ray V. Pierce (R)Resigned September 18, 1880 Jonathan Scoville (D)November 12, 1880 Alabama 6 Burwell B. Lewis (D)Resigned October 1, 1880, to accept presidency of theUniversity of Alabama Newton N. Clements (D)December 8, 1880 Ohio 19 James A. Garfield (R)Resigned November 8, 1880 Ezra B. Taylor (R)December 13, 1880 New Hampshire 3 Evarts W. Farr (R)Died November 30, 1880.elected December 28, 1880. Ossian Ray (R)January 8, 1881 Florida 2 Noble A. Hull (D)Lost contested election January 22, 1881 Horatio Bisbee Jr. (R)January 22, 1881 North Carolina 1 Joseph J. Martin (R)Lost contested election January 29, 1881 Jesse J. Yeates (D)January 29, 1881 New York 9 Fernando Wood (D)Died February 14, 1881 Vacant Not filled this term Michigan 7 Omar D. Conger (R)Resigned March 3, 1881, after being elected to theUS Senate Vacant Not filled this term
Lists of committees and their party leaders for members of the House and Senate committees can be found through the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of this article. The directory after the pages of terms of service lists committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and, after that, House/Senate committee assignments. On the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.
House of Representatives [ edit ] House of Representatives [ edit ] ^ Readjuster ^a b When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began. Martis, Kenneth C. (1989).The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress . New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. Martis, Kenneth C. (1982).The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts . New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
