| Fort Andres Bonifacio | |
|---|---|
Kuta Andres Bonifacio | |
| Taguig City,Philippines | |
 Main gate of the Headquarters Philippine Army | |
| Site information | |
| Type | Military Base |
| Controlled by | Philippines |
 | |
| Site history | |
| Built | 1901 |
| In use | 1901–present |
| Materials | Concrete, steel |
| Garrison information | |
| Current commander | BGen. Emilio R. Pajarillo Jr., PA |
| Garrison |
|
Fort Andres Bonifacio (formerly namedFort William McKinley) is the site of the nationalheadquarters of thePhilippine Army (Headquarters Philippine Army or HPA) located inTaguig City,Philippines. The camp is named afterAndres Bonifacio, the revolutionary leader of theKatipunan during thePhilippine Revolution.
It is located nearVillamor Air Base, the national headquarters of thePhilippine Air Force (PAF).
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Fort William McKinley, now Fort Bonifacio, was established during thePhilippine–American War in 1901. The land is situated south of thePasig River, down to the creekAlabang, near Manila. It was declared a U.S.military reservation by U.S.Secretary of WarElihu Root, expropriating the land owned by Captain Juan Gonzales without compensation.[citation needed] This expropriation was later challenged by then-PresidentFerdinand Marcos and the United States (US) agreed to compensate, through him, in trust deposits.[citation needed][relevant?]
In 1916, the 3rd Battalion of the31st Infantry Regiment was formed here. Until December 1920, this was the home of the 31st Infantry Regiment. DuringWorld War II, theUSAFFE headquarters for thePhilippine Department and thePhilippine Division were at the fort. The bulk of the Philippine Division was stationed there and this was where, under theNational Defense Act of 1935, specializedartillery training was conducted.[citation needed]
On March 18, 1926, U.S. Army Lieutenant John Sewell Thompson was executed by hanging at Fort McKinley for murdering his fiancée, 16-year-old Audrey Burleigh. He was the first American officer to be executed in peacetime, and remains the only graduate of theUnited States Military Academy to be executed in the history of that institution.[1]
AfterPhilippine independence on July 4, 1946, the US surrendered to the Republic of the Philippines all rights of possession, jurisdiction, supervision, and control over the Philippine territory except for the use of their military bases. On May 14, 1949, Fort McKinley was turned over to the Philippine government. The facility became the home of thePhilippine Army and later thePhilippine Navy and was renamed Fort Bonifacio. It lies in the present-day cities ofPasay,Parañaque,Pasig andTaguig, all former parts of the province ofRizal.[2][3]
TheManila American Cemetery and Memorial was later established there.
When PresidentFerdinand Marcos placed the Philippines undermartial law in 1972, Fort Bonifacio became the host of three detention centers full ofpolitical prisoners - the Ipil Reception Center (sometimes called the Ipil Detention Center), a higher security facility called the Youth Rehabilitation Center (YRC),[4] and the Maximum Security Unit where SenatorsJose W. Diokno andBenigno Aquino Jr. were detained.[5]
Ipil was the largest prison facility for political prisoners during martial law. Among the prisoners held there were some of the country's leading academics, creative writers, journalists, and historians includingButch Dalisay,Ricky Lee,Bienvenido Lumbera, Jo Ann Maglipon,Ninotchka Rosca,Zeus Salazar, andWilliam Henry Scott. After Fort Bonifacio was privatized, the area in which Ipil was located became the area nearS&R and MC Home Depot at 32nd Street and 8th Avenue inBonifacio Global City.[6]
The YRC was a higher security prison that housed detainees that included prominent society figures and media personalities, supposed members of theCommunist Party of the Philippines, and some known criminals. Journalists imprisoned there included broadcaster Roger Arienda, Manila journalists Rolando Fadul and Bobby Ordoñez, and Bicolano journalist Manny de la Rosa. Society figures Tonypet and Enrique Araneta, Constitutional Commission delegate Manuel Martinez, poetAmado V. Hernandez, and DrNemesio Prudente, president of the Philippine College of Commerce (now thePolytechnic University of the Philippines, were all also imprisoned at the YRC. Several Catholic priests were also imprisoned, including Fathers Max de Mesa and Fr Hagad from Jolo, and Jesuit Fr Hilario Lim.[7] The site of YRC was later used as theMakati City Jail.[8]
Senator Benigno Aquino Jr. and Senator Jose Diokno were Marcos' first martial law prisoners, arrested just before midnight on September 22, 1972, and at 1 AMPHT on September 23, 1972, respectively. They were eventually imprisoned in Fort Bonifacio at the Maximum Security Unit separate from the YRC. They stayed there until Marcos moved them to an even higher security facility inFort Magsaysay inLaur, Nueva Ecija on March 12, 1973. Diokno would remain in solitary confinement at Laur until September 11, 1974, while Aquino would stay in prison until May 5, 1980.
On March 19, 1992, PresidentCorazon Aquino signed the Bases Conversion and Development Act of 1992 (RA 7227) into law, creating theBases Conversion and Development Authority (BCDA), tasked with converting military bases into "integrated developments, dynamic business centers, and vibrant communities".[9]
On February 3, 1995, the BCDA and a consortium led byMetro Pacific Investments Corporation formed ajoint venture called the Fort Bonifacio Development Corporation (FBDC) for the purpose of developing 150 hectares (370 acres) of former Fort Bonifacio land. In the same year, when PresidentFidel V. Ramos proposed the location of the government center to be at this military base as a conversion, the name would be Aguinaldo, which is named after the country's first president,Emilio Aguinaldo. While the idea was to be located south of Manila, on a 5,000-hectare (12,000-acre) area, a river should traverse the city; proximity to the sea or lake would be desirable; travel time to thenearest airport to have more than 60 minutes; this will also avoid any majorfault line, having no buildings and rise high enough to reach 600 feet (180 m), which would make the city green; and a national park would feature a network of smaller parks, gardens, and malls. The private group bought a 55% stake in the FBDC for₱30.4 billion, while BCDA held on to the remaining 45% stake. The FBDC's landmark project was conceived as Bonifacio Global City, a real estate development area meant to accommodate 250,000 residents and 500,000 daytime workers and visitors. The project was hampered by the1997 Asian financial crisis, but moved forward whenAyala Land and Evergreen Holdings, Inc. of the Campos(Yao) Group purchased Metro Pacific's controlling stake in FBDC in 2003.[10][11][12]
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14°31′57″N121°02′42″E / 14.53250°N 121.04500°E /14.53250; 121.04500
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