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Foreign relations of the Philippines

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

flagPhilippines portal

Theforeign relations of the Philippines are administered by thePresident of the Philippines and theDepartment of Foreign Affairs. Philippine international affairs are influenced by ties to itsSoutheast Asian neighbors,China, theUnited States, and theMiddle East.

ThePhilippines is a founding member of theUnited Nations;[1] an elected member of theSecurity Council[2]and participant in theFood and Agriculture Organization (FAO),International Labour Organization (ILO),UNESCO, and theWorld Health Organization (WHO). Like most nations, thePhilippines is a signatory ofInterpol. The Philippines is a member of theAssociation of Southeast Asian Nations,East Asia Summit andAssociation of Caribbean States (as an observer). It was formerly a member of the now-defunctLatin Union and theSEATO. Declaring itself as independent of any major power block of nations, thePhilippines is a member of theNon-Aligned Movement.

Economically, thePhilippines is a participant in theAsia-Pacific Economic Cooperation,Asian Development Bank, theColombo Plan,Group of 24,G-20,G-77, theWorld Bank,Next Eleven and theWorld Trade Organization (WTO).

Trust rating of Three countries, July 2020[3]
CountryMuch trustUndecidedLittle trustM-L
United States601918+42
Australia492522+27
China221858-36

Foreign policy

[edit]
ThePhilippines (in red) hasembassies in various nations (in blue).

Philippine foreign policy is based on the advancement of Filipino ideals and values, which include the advancement of democracy and advocacy for human rights worldwide.

ThePhilippines actively engages with regional neighbors inSoutheast Asia through theAssociation of Southeast Asian Nations (as a founding member) with the intention of strengthening regional harmony, stability, and prosperity. It has been a supporter ofEast Timor since the latter's independence and has expanded trade links with its traditional alliesIndonesia,Malaysia,Singapore, andThailand. Relations withVietnam andCambodia have thawed in the 1990s after their entry into the ASEAN.

PresidentGloria Macapagal Arroyo and PresidentGeorge W. Bush

The Republic of the Philippines considers itself a staunch ally of the United States and has supported many points of American foreign policy. This is evident in the Philippines' participation in theIraq War and thewar on terror. Speaking to this support,U.S. PresidentGeorge W. Bush praised the Philippines as a bastion of democracy in the East and called the Philippines America's oldest ally inAsia. President Bush's speech on October 18, 2003, was only the second U.S. presidential address to the Philippine Congress; U.S. PresidentDwight D. Eisenhower delivered the first.

With a robust relationship to the United States, the administration of former PresidentGloria Macapagal Arroyo sought to establish closer ties to its earlier colonizer,Spain. This was inspired by the attendance ofKing Juan Carlos andQueen Sofía at the June 12, 1998 celebration honoring the centennial of the Philippines' independence from Spain. President Macapagal-Arroyo made two official visits to Spain during her presidency.

President Aquino withQueen Sofía of Spain in her visit to the Philippines

In recent years, the Philippines attaches great importance in its relations with China, and has established significant cooperation with the country.[4][5][6][7][8][9]

TheArmed Forces of the Philippines has participated in various regional conflicts, including theKorean War and theVietnam War. Recently, the Philippines sent peacekeeping forces toIraq, in addition to civilian doctors, nurses and police. The Filipino mission was later recalled as collateral for the release of a Filipino hostage. As part of aUN peacekeeping operation,Philippine Army GeneralJaime de los Santos became the first commander of troops responsible for maintaining order inEast Timor.

Filipino AmbassadorPhilippe Jones Lhuillier, presents his Credentials to KingFelipe VI of Spain at theRoyal Palace of Madrid.

The Philippines is in tension with rival international claimants to various land and water territories in theSouth China Sea. The Philippines is currently in dispute with thePeople's Republic of China over the Camago andMalampaya gas fields. The two countries are also in dispute over theScarborough Shoal. Additionally, the Philippines has adisputed claim over theSpratly Islands.

The Philippines maintainsstrategic partnerships withAustralia,India,Japan,South Korea, andVietnam.[10]

Recruitment of Foreign Service Officers

[edit]

The Department of Foreign Affairs in cooperation with theCivil Service Commission conducts an annual recruitment of would-becareer diplomats calledForeign Service Officer Examination (FSOE). With application deadlines typically falling on October or November, it is a sequential series of written (initial - typically held late January of early February, second - essay types on various topics related toPhilosophy, Politics, Economics,history,diplomacy,foreign policy typically on middle of a calendar year), psychological and oral (debates,impromptu speeches) examinations typically done over a period of several months to over a year. An initial interview around April, months after the initial written examination seems to have been removed from the proces as of the 2025 cycle. Some quarters say that it is one if not the most difficult eligibility examination in the country, even harder than theBar Exam that there would be years where no one among the initial applicants passed all the way through the conclusion of an annual cycle. The initial criteria for eligibility isn't that stringent - an applicant only has to have a/anyBachelor's degree and had worked/be formally employed for at least two years. Successful applicants enter thegovernment service as"Foreign Service Officer Class IV" with a startingbase pay of approximatelyPHP 85,000 as of 2025 .

For the 2024-2025 cycle, the Department held a 2nd cycle of recruitment with an earlier than normal deadline of September 18 2025 - for those who already passed the written exam (even from years prior - as the eligibility is forever*) and perhaps failed &/or did not push through with the succeeding parts.

*Except if revoked for the putative reasons of "moral turpitude", fraud on the application, orfor cause when already entered the service.

Diplomatic relations

[edit]

List of countries which the Philippines maintains diplomatic relations with:

Prime ministerShigeru Ishiba and PresidentBongbong Marcos inManila.
#CountryDate
1Egypt3 March 1946[11]
2Australia4 July 1946[12]
3Belgium4 July 1946[13]
4Brazil4 July 1946[14]
5Cuba4 July 1946[15]
6El Salvador4 July 1946[16]
7Portugal4 July 1946[17]
8United Kingdom4 July 1946[18]
9United States4 July 1946[19]
10Colombia5 July 1946[20]
11Costa Rica5 July 1946[21]
12Honduras5 July 1946[22]
13Haiti6 July 1946[23]
14Luxembourg26 August 1946[24]
15Syria4 September 1946[25]
16Denmark28 September 1946[26]
17Austria17 October 1946[27]
18Lebanon24 October 1946[28]
19Italy3 November 1946[29]
20Sweden17 January 1947[30]
21France26 June 1947[31]
22Spain27 September 1947[32]
23Norway2 March 1948[33]
24South Korea3 March 1949[34]
25Argentina27 August 1948[35]
26Turkey13 June 1949[36]
27Thailand14 June 1949[37]
28Pakistan8 September 1949[38]
29India16 November 1949[39]
30Indonesia24 November 1949[40]
31Canada4 December 1949[41]
32Greece28 August 1950[42]
—Holy See8 April 1951[43]
33Netherlands17 May 1951[44]
34Mexico14 April 1953[45]
35Dominican Republic9 May 1953[46]
36Germany8 October 1954[47]
37Laos14 January 1955[48]
38Finland14 July 1955[49]
39Japan23 July 1956[50]
40Myanmar30 July 1956[51]
41Ghana6 March 1957[52]
42Israel9 August 1957[53]
43Cambodia30 August 1957[54]
44  Switzerland30 August 1957[55]
45   Nepal12 February 1960[56]
46Chad22 September 1960[57]
47Sri Lanka11 January 1961[58]
48Cameroon11 December 1961[59]
49Tanzania15 December 1961[60]
50Chile17 July 1962[61]
51Nigeria1 August 1962[62]
52Paraguay12 December 1962[63]
53Iran22 January 1964[64]
54Malaysia18 May 1964[65]
—Sovereign Military Order of Malta24 April 1965[66]
55Zambia27 February 1965[67]
56New Zealand6 July 1966[68]
57Botswana6 February 1967[69]
58Nauru20 February 1968[70]
59Venezuela27 August 1968[71]
60Afghanistan17 September 1968[72]
61Equatorial Guinea28 November 1968[73]
62Singapore16 May 1969[74]
63Saudi Arabia24 October 1969[75]
64Bolivia7 January 1970[76]
65Bangladesh24 February 1972[77]
66Romania28 February 1972[78]
67Serbia28 February 1972[79]
68Guatemala21 June 1972[80]
69Nicaragua10 August 1973[81]
70Poland22 September 1973[82]
71Hungary28 September 1973[83]
72Panama28 September 1973[84]
73Czech Republic5 October 1973[85]
74Mongolia11 October 1973[86]
75Bulgaria16 November 1973[87]
76Fiji18 December 1973[88]
77Maldives12 July 1974[89]
78United Arab Emirates19 August 1974[90]
79Peru30 November 1974[91]
80Iraq12 January 1975[92]
81Algeria10 April 1975[93]
82Morocco10 April 1975[94]
83China9 June 1975[95]
84Kenya4 July 1975[96]
85Papua New Guinea16 September 1975[97]
86Tunisia15 December 1975[98]
87Uruguay29 December 1975[99]
88Jordan1 March 1976[100]
89Sudan7 March 1976[101]
90Senegal15 March 1976[102]
91Somalia20 April 1976[103]
92Central African Republic2 June 1976[104]
93Russia2 June 1976[105]
94Bahamas1 July 1976[106]
95Liberia4 July 1976[107]
96Ecuador5 July 1976[108]
97Gabon6 July 1976[109]
98Vietnam12 July 1976[110]
99Libya17 November 1976[111]
100Ethiopia7 February 1977[112]
101Yemen4 May 1977[113]
102Samoa1 June 1977[114]
103Malta9 June 1977[115]
104Guinea-Bissau27 October 1977[116]
105Bahrain27 November 1978[117]
106Kuwait18 January 1979[118]
107Cyprus6 March 1980[119]
108Zimbabwe18 April 1980[120]
109Jamaica15 May 1980[121]
110Oman6 October 1980[122]
111Guinea25 December 1980[123]
112Qatar5 May 1981[124]
113Tonga1 July 1981[125]
114Niger16 October 1981[118]
115Rwanda15 December 1982[126]
116Brunei1 January 1984[127]
117Ireland5 July 1984[128]
118Vanuatu8 October 1986[118]
119Albania11 June 1987[129]
120Seychelles9 October 1987[118]
121Marshall Islands15 September 1988[130]
122Federated States of Micronesia10 January 1989[131]
—State of Palestine4 September 1989[132]
123Sierra Leone3 April 1991[133]
124Lithuania15 December 1991[118]
125Latvia17 December 1991[118]
126Estonia19 December 1991[118]
127Kazakhstan25 March 1992[134]
128Tajikistan25 March 1992[135]
129Azerbaijan27 March 1992[135]
130Moldova30 March 1992[136]
131Ukraine7 April 1992[135]
132Uzbekistan13 April 1992[135]
133Kyrgyzstan24 April 1992[135]
134Armenia20 May 1992[135]
135Georgia21 September 1992[135]
136Slovakia1 January 1993[137]
137Slovenia3 February 1993[138]
138Eswatini19 February 1993[118]
139Croatia25 February 1993[139]
140Turkmenistan23 July 1993[140]
141South Africa1 November 1993[141]
142Ivory Coast22 March 1995[142]
143Liechtenstein24 November 1995[143]
144Namibia17 May 1996[144]
145Belarus22 May 1996[145]
146Gambia26 June 1996[146]
147Eritrea4 February 1997[147]
148Mozambique27 March 1997[118]
149Palau15 July 1997[148]
150Suriname16 December 1997[118]
151Mauritius23 January 1998[149]
152Djibouti16 February 1998[150]
153Lesotho15 April 1998[151]
154Iceland24 February 1999[118]
155Benin3 January 2000[152]
156Democratic Republic of the Congo9 January 2000[153]
157Republic of the Congo19 January 2000[118]
158Andorra22 February 2000[154]
159Cape Verde21 March 2000[118]
160Kiribati25 March 2000[155]
161Trinidad and Tobago18 April 2000[118]
162Belize4 May 2000[156]
163North Korea12 July 2000[157]
164Saint Kitts and Nevis11 August 2000[156]
165Togo24 August 2000[118]
166Saint Vincent and the Grenadines11 October 2000[156]
167São Tomé and Príncipe8 November 2000[118]
168Bosnia and Herzegovina12 January 2001[158]
169Malawi3 May 2001[118]
170Angola14 September 2001[118]
171Timor-Leste20 May 2002[159]
172Tuvalu23 September 2002[160]
173Burkina Faso10 October 2002[118]
174San Marino3 April 2003[161]
175Uganda12 December 2003[162]
176Solomon Islands27 September 2004[163]
177Monaco15 December 2006[164]
178Guyana25 September 2008[118]
179Barbados22 June 2009[118]
180Montenegro26 September 2009[165]
181Antigua and Barbuda16 July 2010[118]
182Dominica29 April 2011[118]
183Comoros25 November 2011[166]
—Cook Islands12 December 2011[167]
184South Sudan13 March 2013[168]
185Mauritania30 September 2013[169]
186Saint Lucia29 March 2016[118]
187Burundi30 June 2017[118]
188North Macedonia22 September 2021[118]
—Niue27 September 2022[170]
189Mali24 November 2022[171]
190Grenada8 May 2025[172]
191Bhutan6 October 2025[173]

Bilateral relations

[edit]

Asia

[edit]
CountryFormal relations beganNotes
AzerbaijanMarch 27, 1992[135]

President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev has received the credentials of the incoming Filipino ambassador to Azerbaijan, Marilyn Jusayan Alarilla. During a meeting following the ceremony, the ambassador conveyed Filipino President Benigno Aquino III's greetings to the Azerbaijani leader. She noted the Philippines was interested in developing the cooperation with Azerbaijan in different areas, including energy, science and technologies. Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev said there was potential for developing Azerbaijan–Philippines relations in many spheres, particularly the economic one.

BahrainJanuary 1978[174]
BangladeshFebruary 24, 1972[175]
BhutanOctober 6, 2025[173]

Prior to the formalization of ties, numerous senators and high-profile dignitaries from the Philippines have visited Bhutan and have expressed their intentions to spread the Gross National Happiness doctrine in the Philippines, seeing it as an effective and efficient way to enhance nation-building, environmental conservation, cultural propagation, and human rights. In September 2014, the Prime Minister of Bhutan visited the Philippines and theAsian Development Bank headquarters inManila.[176]

In 2014, officials of the Royal Government of Bhutan visited the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Center of the Philippines to gain insights about the country's PPP Program.[177]

BruneiJanuary 1, 1984

In April 2009, The Philippines andBrunei signed aMemorandum of Understanding (MOU) that sought to strengthen their bilateral cooperation in the fields of agricultural trade, innovation, and investments.[178] The MOU further strengthening bilateral cooperation between the two Southeast Asian countries, particularly in the fields of agriculture and farm-related trade and investments.[179] The two countries have agreed to cooperate in plant science, crops technology, vegetable and fruit preservation, biotechnology, post-harvest technology, livestock, organic agriculture, irrigation and water resources andhalal industry.[180]

CambodiaAugust 1957[181]
ChinaJune 9, 1975
IndiaNovember 26, 1949[182]
IndonesiaNovember 24, 1949[40]
IranJanuary 22, 1964[183]
IraqJanuary 12, 1975
IsraelFebruary 26, 1958[184]

The Philippines voted in favor ofUN Resolution 181 concerning the partition ofPalestine and the Creation of the State of Israel in 1947. The Philippines was among the 33 countries who supported the creation of Israel and the only Asian country which voted for the resolution.[185]

JapanJuly 23, 1956[50]
JordanMarch 1, 1976[186]

The Philippines and Jordan agreed to establish formal diplomatic relations and to exchange ambassadors on March 1, 1976.[186]

KazakhstanMarch 19, 1992[135]

Diplomatic relations between Kazakhstan and the Philippines were formally established on March 19, 1992. The Philippines maintains relations with Kazakhstan through its embassy in Russia. Kazakhstan has an honorary consulate inManila.[187][188]

Trade between Kazakhstan and the Philippines amounted to 7.3 million U.S. dollars during the period from January to November 2010. In 2009, about 1,500 Kazakh tourists visited the Philippines. As of 2009, there are about 7,000Overseas Filipino Workers who are working in Western Kazakhstan, mostly in the oil and gas sector. Kazakhstan is seeking Filipino investment in its economy.[189]

On 2011, Kazakhstan was planning to put up a Kazakh house in the Philippines in eitherBonifacio Global City orMakati to showcase Kazakh products and promote its tourist destinations. There were also plans to put up a Philippine House in Kazakhstan for the same purpose and to put Filipino art exhibits in Kazakhstan.[190]

Kazakh PresidentNursultan Nazarbayev, and his 27 delegates arrived in the Philippines for a three-day state visit on November 10, 2003, atVillamor Air Base inPasay. The Kazakh officials met with their Filipino counterparts and conducted meetings. Former Philippine PresidentGloria Macapagal Arroyo met with Nazarbayev to finalize the Philippines' intent to import oil and coal from Kazakhstan and discussed possible infrastructure projects in the Central Asian country.[187]

The Philippines also supported Kazakhstan's bid to become a member of theASEAN Regional Forum on security.[189]

KuwaitJanuary 17, 1979
LaosJanuary 14, 1955[191]
Malaysia1959
MongoliaOctober 11, 1973[192]
MyanmarSeptember 29, 1956[193]
  NepalFebruary 12, 1960

The Philippines andNepal established diplomatic relations on February 12, 1960. Both countries are members of theNon-Aligned Movement. There are about 300 Filipinos living in Nepal, mainly missionaries, professionals, skilled workers, volunteers, or spouses of Nepalese or other nationals as of March 2011. Approximately 500 Nepalese students are studying in the Philippines for their higher-level education.[194]

North KoreaJuly 12, 2000[195]
OmanOctober 6, 1980
PakistanSeptember 8, 1949[196]
Palestine1989

The Philippines was among the 138 countries that voted in favor of theUnited Nations resolution recognizing Palestine as a non-member state.[197]

QatarApril 12, 1975
Saudi ArabiaSeptember 24, 1969
SingaporeMay 16, 1969[198]
South KoreaMarch 3, 1949

The Philippines was the fifth state to recognize the Republic of Korea and the firstASEAN country to establish relations with South Korea.[199][200]

Sri LankaJanuary 10, 1961[201][202]
SyriaSeptember 4, 1946[203]The Republic of the Philippines formally established diplomatic relations with the Syrian Arab Republic on September 4, 1946. The Philippines has an embassy in Damascus. Syria has an consulate in Manila.
TaiwanN/A
(Formal relations rescinded in 1975)

The Philippines recognizes theOne-China policy but has informal relations with theRepublic of China (ROC, also known asTaiwan) through the Manila Economic and Cultural Office inTaipei and the Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Manila.

TajikistanMarch 25, 1992[135]
ThailandJune 14, 1949[204]
Timor-LesteMay 20, 2002[205]
TurkeyJune 13, 1949[206]SeePhilippines–Turkey relations
  • Philippines has an embassy inAnkara.[206]
  • Turkey has an embassy inManila.[206]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was US$219.7 million in 2015 (Filipino exports/imports: 115.7/104 million USD).[207]
  • 2,200 Philippine nationals are residing in Turkey.[206]
  • There are direct flights fromIstanbul toManila since March 2015.[206]
United Arab EmiratesJune 17, 1980
UzbekistanApril 13, 1992[135]

The first round of political consultations between the Philippines andUzbekistan was held inTashkent on March 3, 2011. Uzbekistan expressed its support for the Philippines' bid to gain observer status in theOIC and its hopes for the resolution of the Muslim insurgency mainly affecting the southern part of the Philippines. The Philippines highlighted untapped potential, despite remote geographical position, for developing trade and economic cooperation, especially between Filipino and Uzbek financial institutions.[208]

VietnamJuly 12, 1976
YemenMay 4, 1977[209]

In 2011, there were about 1,600 Filipinos working in Yemen with about a thousand in the capital ofSanaa. The majority worked in the health and petroleum industries. Yemen supports the Philippines' bid for observer status in the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and a peaceful resolution to the Islamic insurgency in the Philippines.[210]

Africa

[edit]
CountryFormal relations beganNotes
EgyptJanuary 18, 1955[211]
Equatorial Guinea1968

Equatorial Guinea supported the Philippines's bid for a non-permanent seat in the United Nations Security Council.[212]

Both the Philippines andEquatorial Guinea were former Spanish colonies. There are about 4,000 Filipino workers in Equatorial Guinea. There has been cordial ties especially in the fields of trade and investments, agriculture, education, cultural and technical cooperation. The Philippines is interested in partnering with Equatorial Guinean entities to conduct oil exploration and the possibility of importing oil from Equatorial Guinea. The Philippines is also interested in developing infrastructure for seaports to improve cargo handling and delivery. He[who?] likewise expressed Philippine interest in developing facilities for seaports to improve cargo handling and delivery.[213]

Ethiopia2013

The Philippines and Ethiopia signed their first air agreement in 2014.[214]

GhanaMarch 5, 1957[215]

The Republic of Ghana has opened its consulate in the Philippines to extend and render assistance to Ghanaians and help maintain relations between the two countries.[216]

GambiaJune 26, 1996[217]
Ivory CoastMarch 21, 1995[218]

There were some 100 Filipinos in Côte d'Ivoire, mostly professional and skilled workers and some permanent residents, and the Philippine government had repatriated 10 Filipinos after tensions in the country started following the second round of the 2010 presidential elections.[219]

KenyaMay 20, 1975[220]Kenya–Philippines relations Kenya is represented to the Philippines from its embassy in Jakarta, Indonesia. On the other hand, the Philippines maintains an embassy in Nairobi.
LibyaNovember 17, 1976
MoroccoDecember 27, 1975[209]
MozambiqueMarch 27, 1997[221]
Nigeria1962
Sierra Leone1991

Sierra Leone and the Philippines have pledged to strengthen bilateral relations to the mutual benefit of both countries.The two countries vow to work further to expand their relations in the socio-economic, political and cultural fields.[222]

South AfricaNovember 1, 1993
South SudanMarch 13, 2013[223]

The Philippines officially recognized South Sudan as a sovereign and independent state soon after South Sudan declared its independence on July 9, 2011.[223]

Americas

[edit]
CountryFormal relations beganNotes
Argentina1948
BoliviaJanuary 6, 1970[224]

Bolivia and Philippines were both Spanish colonies, diplomatic relations between the two countries began in 1970. The Philippine Embassy inBuenos Aires exercised jurisdiction over Bolivia. Furthermore, the Embassy of Bolivia in Tokyo has jurisdiction over the Philippines, while the Philippine Embassy in Santiago, Chile, has jurisdiction over Bolivia. It also has two honorary consulates in Bolivia in the cities ofLa Paz andSanta Cruz de la Sierra. There are about 15 Filipinos in Bolivia most of them are religious missionaries and others are married with Bolivians.[225]

BrazilJuly 4, 1946
BarbadosJune 22, 2009

Barbados established formal relations with the Philippines with the signing of a Joint Communique on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations in New York on June 22, 2009. The establishment of relations was proposed by Barbados the year before through the Philippines' embassy inCaracas inVenezuela.[226]

With the closure of the Philippine Embassy in Caracas in 2012, jurisdiction was transferred to the Philippine Embassy in Washington, D.C.

Belize4 May 2000

Both countries established diplomatic relations on May 4, 2000.[156]

Canada1949
ColombiaJuly 5, 1946[227]Colombia-Philippines relations remain strong, Colombians were among the Latin Americans who supported the revolt ofAndres Novales, Emperor of the Philippines, against Spain. The first Miss International,Stella Marquez of Colombia, also marriedJorge Araneta a Filipino ofpartial Mexican descent.
CubaSeptember 3, 1952[228]
MexicoApril 14, 1953
PeruNovember 30, 1974[209]
United StatesJuly 4, 1946
VenezuelaAugust 27, 1968

Europe

[edit]
CountryFormal relations beganNotes
ArmeniaMay 20, 1992[135]
  • The Philippines and Armenia established bilateral relations in 1992.
  • Foreign MinisterEduard Nalbandyan visited the Philippines in 2012, the highest government official of Armenia to ever visit the Philippines.[229]
  • Armenia has an ambassador resident in Hanoi.[230]
  • The Philippines has an ambassador resident in Moscow.[230]
AustriaOctober 17, 1946
BelgiumJuly 4, 1946
CroatiaFebruary 25, 1993
Czech Republic1973
DenmarkSeptember 28, 1946
FranceJune 26, 1947
GermanyApril 25, 1955
GeorgiaSeptember 21, 1992[135]
Greece1947
Holy SeeApril 9, 1951
Hungary1976
IcelandFebruary 24, 1999
Ireland1984
ItalyJuly 9, 1947[231]
NetherlandsMay 17, 1951
North MacedoniaSeptember 24, 2021On September 24, 2021,Foreign SecretaryTeodoro Locsin Jr. signed a joint communique withMacedonian foreign ministerBujar Osmani to establish diplomatic relations between the two countries.[232]
NorwayMarch 2, 1948
PolandSeptember 22, 1973[209]
RomaniaApril 12, 1975
RussiaJune 2, 1976
SerbiaFebruary 28, 1972[233]
  • Both countries have established diplomatic relations in 1972.[234]
  • A number of bilateral agreements in various fields have been concluded and are in force between both countries.[235]
SpainSeptember 27, 1947
Sweden1947

Diplomatic relations between the Philippines and Sweden were established in 1947, and have steadily intensified during the years. Sweden has long been a development partner of the Philippines. Sweden's cooperation with the Philippines focuses on issues concerning the environment, human rights, good governance, training, and assistance to non-government organizations (NGOs).

 SwitzerlandAugust 30, 1956
TurkeyJune 13, 1949[236]
UkraineApril 7, 1992[135]
United KingdomJuly 4, 1946

The Philippines establisheddiplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 4 July 1946.[18]

Both countries share common membership of theWorld Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.[238]

Oceania

[edit]
CountryFormal relations beganNotes
AustraliaMay 22, 1946
Nauru[239]February 19, 1968
New ZealandJuly 6, 1966
PalauJuly 15, 1997
Papua New GuineaSeptember 16, 1975

Relations with former states

[edit]
CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
South Vietnam

The Philippines recognized South Vietnam in July 1955. The Philippines sent troops to aid them in theVietnam War.[240][241] The Philippine embassy in Saigon ceased operations on April 29, 1975

South YemenOctober 21, 1977[209]
YugoslaviaMarch 1, 1972[209]
Soviet Union

Multilateral relations

[edit]
See also:International organization membership of the Philippines
OrganizationsFormal Relations BeganNotes
Association of Southeast Asian Nations

TheAssociation of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was established on August 8, 1967, inBangkok, with the signing of theBangkok Declaration together withIndonesia,Malaysia,Singapore andThailand. The Philippines was one of the Founding nations.

European Union2013

The European Union and the Philippines shares diplomatic, economic, cultural and political relations. The European Union has provided €3 million to the Philippines to fight poverty and €6 million for counter-terrorism against terrorist groups in theSouthern Philippines. The European Union is also the third largest trading partner of the Philippines. There are at least 31,961 Europeans (not including Spaniards) living in the Philippines.

United NationsOctober 24, 1945

When the Philippines joined signing theUnited Nations Charter inSan Francisco,United States. This partnership has progressed since then into a number of development initiatives, activities and programs. Technical, financial and other forms of assistance to the Philippines began in the late 1940, as the country recovered from the ravages ofWorld War II. The partnership between theUnited Nations and the Philippines began in 1945.

Issues

[edit]
See also:Territories claimed by the Philippines

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"About Us". Permanent Mission of the Republic of the Philippines to the United Nations. Archived fromthe original on December 24, 2007. RetrievedJanuary 12, 2008.
  2. ^"The Philippines and the UN Security Council". Permanent Mission of the Republic of the Philippines to the United Nations. Archived fromthe original on December 12, 2014. RetrievedJanuary 12, 2008.
  3. ^"SWS July 3-6, 2020 National Mobile Phone Survey – Report No. 4: Net trust of Filipinos is "Good" +42 for the United States, "Moderate" +27 for Australia, and "Bad" -36 for China". Social Weather Stations. November 20, 2019.Archived from the original on January 26, 2022. RetrievedJanuary 26, 2022.
  4. ^"Senior Chinese legislator visits Philippines to boost ties – Xinhua | English.news.cn".www.xinhuanet.com. Archived fromthe original on September 11, 2018. RetrievedSeptember 11, 2018.
  5. ^"Warship incident shows Sino-Philippine relations have come a long way: China Daily".The Straits Times. September 5, 2018.Archived from the original on September 5, 2018. RetrievedSeptember 11, 2018.
  6. ^"China, ASEAN agree on framework for South China Sea code of conduct".Reuters. 2017.Archived from the original on May 18, 2017. RetrievedSeptember 11, 2018.
  7. ^"China, Philippines confirm twice-yearly bilateral consultation mechanism on South China Sea – Xinhua | English.news.cn".news.xinhuanet.com. Archived fromthe original on May 19, 2017.
  8. ^"Progress made on draft of South China Sea code of conduct".philstar.com.Archived from the original on May 19, 2017. RetrievedSeptember 11, 2018.
  9. ^"Subscribe | theaustralian".www.theaustralian.com.au.
  10. ^Mangaluz, Jean (August 5, 2025)."India joins Philippines' allies as 5th strategic partner".The Philippine Star. RetrievedAugust 5, 2025.
  11. ^"Treaty of Friendship between the Philippines and the United Arab Republic of Egypt"(PDF).61.28.185.135. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on December 11, 2014. RetrievedDecember 2, 2014.
  12. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Commonwealth of Australia celebrate 77 years of formal diplomatic relations today, July 04!". July 4, 2023. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  13. ^"Overview of the Philippines - Belgium Bilateral Relations".Philippine Embassy in Brussels. RetrievedDecember 31, 2014.
  14. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Federative Republic of Brazil celebrate 77 years of formal diplomatic relations today, July 04!". July 4, 2023. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  15. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Republic of Cuba celebrate 77 years of formal diplomatic relations today, July 04!". July 4, 2023. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  16. ^"REGISTRO DE FECHAS DE ESTABLECIMIENTO DE RD" (in Spanish). Archived fromthe original on December 28, 2021. RetrievedMarch 9, 2022.
  17. ^"Países" (in Portuguese). RetrievedJuly 2, 2022.
  18. ^abc"Bilateral relations".Embassy of the Philippines, London. Archived fromthe original on July 17, 2015. RetrievedJuly 17, 2015.
  19. ^"All Countries".Office of the Historian. RetrievedNovember 12, 2021.
  20. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Republic of Colombia celebrated 76 years of formal diplomatic relations yesterday, July 5!". July 6, 2022. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  21. ^"he Republic of the Philippines and the Republic of Costa Rica celebrate 77 years of formal diplomatic relations today, July 05!". July 5, 2023. RetrievedJuly 6, 2023.
  22. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Republic of Honduras celebrate 77 years of formal diplomatic relations today, July 05!". July 5, 2023. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  23. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Republic of Haiti celebrate 77 years of formal diplomatic relations today, July 06!". July 6, 2023. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  24. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg celebrate 76 years of formal diplomatic relations today, August 26!". August 26, 2022. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  25. ^"Today, September 4, we celebrate 73 years of the establishment of formal diplomatic relations between the Philippines and Syria". September 4, 2019. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  26. ^Office of the Government of the Philippines."Country Profile: Kingdom of Denmark". WayBack Machine. Archived fromthe original on December 20, 2009. RetrievedDecember 21, 2011.
  27. ^"The Philippine Embassy". Philippine Embassy - Vienna, Austria. Archived fromthe original on December 31, 2014. RetrievedDecember 31, 2014.
  28. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Republic of Lebanon celebrate 76 years of formal diplomatic relations today, October 24!". October 24, 2022. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  29. ^"I Documenti Diplomatici Italiani Decima Serie: 1943-1948 Volume IV (13 luglio 1946 - l o febbraio 1947)".farnesina.ipzs.it (in Italian). p. 855. RetrievedOctober 28, 2023.
  30. ^"The Philippine Embassy in Stockholm".The Official Website of the Philippine Embassy in Stockholm, Sweden.Department of Foreign Affairs. Archived fromthe original on October 6, 2012. RetrievedJune 11, 2020.
  31. ^Juan Miguel F. Zubiri (September 11, 1998)."S. No. 1549"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on December 19, 2008. RetrievedNovember 13, 2008.
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  33. ^"Norges opprettelse af diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater"(PDF).regjeringen.no (in Norwegian). April 27, 1999. RetrievedOctober 18, 2021.
  34. ^"Countries & Regions". RetrievedMay 24, 2023.
  35. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Republic of Argentina celebrate 74 years of formal diplomatic relations today, August 27!". August 27, 2022. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  36. ^"Treaty of Friendship between the Republic of the Philippines and the Republic of Turke"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on September 4, 2015. RetrievedDecember 2, 2014.
  37. ^"Joint Press Statement on the Official Visit to Thailand by His Excellency Rodrigo Roa Duterte, President of the Republic of the Philippines 21 March 2017 Bangkok". March 22, 2017. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  38. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan celebrate 73 years of formal diplomatic relations today, September 8!". September 8, 2022. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  39. ^"he Republic of the Philippines and the Republic of India celebrate 73 years of formal diplomatic relations today, November 16!". November 16, 2022. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  40. ^ab"Briefer: Diplomatic relations between the Philippines and Indonesia".Official Gazette of the Philippines. Archived fromthe original on May 2, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2017.
  41. ^Linwood, DeLong (January 2020)."A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019". RetrievedJune 26, 2023.
  42. ^"The Philippines and Greece celebrate 70 years of diplomatic relations".Facebook. August 28, 2020. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  43. ^"Diplomatic relations of the Holy See". RetrievedSeptember 5, 2022.
  44. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and Netherlands celebrate 72 years of formal diplomatic relations". May 18, 2023. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  45. ^El Mercado de valores (in Spanish). Vol. 61 (1–6). Nacional Financiera, S.A. 2001. p. 11.
  46. ^Compilación Trujillo de tratados y convenciones de la República Dominicana, 3 (in Spanish). 1958. p. 353.
  47. ^"Philippinen: Steckbrief".Auswärtiges Amt (in German). RetrievedMarch 6, 2025.
  48. ^"Diplomatic Relations".Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Laos. Archived fromthe original on June 1, 2016. RetrievedJune 30, 2021.
  49. ^"Countries and regions A–Z". Archived fromthe original on March 30, 2018. RetrievedApril 1, 2018.
  50. ^ab"Video Message by Prime Minister Suga on the "65th Anniversary of the Normalization of the Diplomatic Relations between Japan and the Philippines"".Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. July 28, 2021. RetrievedOctober 7, 2025.
  51. ^"Diplomatic relations". Archived fromthe original on October 14, 2022. RetrievedMay 13, 2022.
  52. ^"Today, we celebrate 60 years of formal diplomatic relations with Ghana!". March 6, 2017. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  53. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the State of Israel celebrate 65 years of formal diplomatic relations today, August 9!". August 9, 2022. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  54. ^"LIST OF MEMBER STATES OF THE UNITED NATIONS (193) HAVING DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH CAMBODIA".mfaic.gov.kh. RetrievedOctober 2, 2021.
  55. ^"Philippines, Switzerland agree to strengthen political and economic cooperation". February 28, 2014. Archived fromthe original on July 31, 2023. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  56. ^"Bilateral Relations".Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Nepal. Archived fromthe original on August 16, 2021. RetrievedJune 25, 2021.
  57. ^"Today, September 22, we celebrate 58 years of the establishment of formal diplomatic relations between the Philippines and Chad". September 22, 2018. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  58. ^"Diplomatic relations". Archived fromthe original on March 21, 2023. RetrievedJuly 10, 2022.
  59. ^"Today we celebrate 55 years of formal diplomatic relations with Cameroon!". December 11, 2016. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  60. ^"Today we celebrate 55 years of formal diplomatic relations with the United Republic of Tanzania!". December 15, 2016. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  61. ^"RELACIONES DIPLOMATICAS DE CHILE CON LOS PAISES DE LA CUENCA DEL PACIFICO"(PDF) (in Spanish). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on November 27, 2021. RetrievedNovember 27, 2021.
  62. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Federal Republic of Nigeria celebrate 58 years of formal diplomatic relations today, August 1!". August 1, 2020. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  63. ^"The Philippines and The Republic of Paraguay". December 12, 2022. Archived fromthe original on May 28, 2024. RetrievedJuly 15, 2023.
  64. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Islamic Republic of Iran celebrate 58 years of formal diplomatic relations today, January 22!". January 22, 2022. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  65. ^"Senarai tarikh penubuhan hubungan diplomatik Malaysia dan negara - negara luar" (in Malay). Archived fromthe original on November 13, 2021. RetrievedNovember 13, 2021.
  66. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta celebrate 55 years of formal diplomatic relations today, April 24!". April 24, 2020. RetrievedApril 24, 2020.
  67. ^"Today we celebrate 52 years of formal diplomatic relations with Zambia!". February 27, 2017. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  68. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Aotearoa New Zealand celebrate 57 years of formal diplomatic relations today, July 06!". July 6, 2023. RetrievedJuly 6, 2023.
  69. ^"Today we celebrate 50 years of formal diplomatic relations with Botswana!". February 6, 2017. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  70. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Republic of Nauru celebrate 55 years of formal diplomatic relations!". February 21, 2023. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  71. ^Libro amarillo correspondiente al año ...: presentado al Congreso Nacional en sus sesiones ordinarias de ... por el titular despacho (in Spanish). Venezuela. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. 2003. pp. 528–529.
  72. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan celebrate 52 years of formal diplomatic relations today, September 17!". September 17, 2020. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  73. ^"Today we celebrate 48 years of formal diplomatic relations with Equatorial Guinea!". November 28, 2016. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  74. ^"Diplomatic & consular list".Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Singapore. RetrievedJuly 11, 2022.
  75. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia celebrate 53 years of formal diplomatic relations today, October 24!". October 24, 2022. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  76. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Plurinational State of Bolivia celebrate 52 years of formal diplomatic relations today, January 7!". January 7, 2022. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  77. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the People's Republic of Bangladesh celebrate 51 years of formal diplomatic relations today, February 24!". February 24, 2023. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  78. ^"Diplomatic Relations of Romania". RetrievedJuly 2, 2022.
  79. ^"PHxRS" (in Filipino). February 28, 2018.Archived from the original on April 11, 2022. RetrievedMarch 22, 2018.Sa Araw na ito ay ating ipinagdiriwang ang Ika-46 Taon ng Pormal na Ugnayong Diplomatiko ng Pilipinas Sa Serbia 1972–2018 [On this day we commemorate the 46th Anniversary of the Formal establishment of diplomatic relations of the Philippines with Serbia 1972–2018]
  80. ^"Relaciones Diplomáticas de Guatemala" (in Spanish). RetrievedJuly 24, 2021.
  81. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Republic of Nicaragua celebrate 48 years of formal diplomatic relations today, August 10!".Facebook. August 9, 2021. RetrievedMarch 26, 2023.
  82. ^"Philippines". RetrievedJuly 23, 2023.
  83. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Republic of Hungary celebrate 48 years of formal diplomatic relations today, September 28!".Facebook. September 28, 2021. RetrievedJanuary 1, 2023.
  84. ^"RELACIONES DIPLOMÁTICAS DE LA REPÚBLICA DE PANAMÁ"(PDF). p. 195. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on August 6, 2020. RetrievedNovember 30, 2021.
  85. ^"Philippine–Czech Relations". Embassy of the Philippines, Prague. Archived fromthe original on September 14, 2022. RetrievedSeptember 14, 2022.
  86. ^"LIST OF COUNTRIES MAINTAINING DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH MONGOLIA"(PDF). p. 3. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on September 28, 2022. RetrievedDecember 21, 2021.
  87. ^"Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878-2005)" (in Bulgarian).
  88. ^"Formal diplomatic relations list"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on August 27, 2019. RetrievedMarch 31, 2018.
  89. ^"Countries with which the Republic of Maldives has established Diplomatic Relations"(PDF).Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Maldives. May 11, 2023. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on June 29, 2023. RetrievedJuly 7, 2023.
  90. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the United Arab Emirates celebrate 48 years of formal diplomatic relations today, August 19!". August 19, 2022. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  91. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Republic of Peru celebrate 48 years of formal diplomatic relations today, November 30!". November 30, 2022. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  92. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Republic of Iraq celebrate 47 years of formal diplomatic relations today, January 12!". January 12, 2020. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  93. ^"Today we celebrate 42 years of formal diplomatic relations with Algeria!". April 10, 2017. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  94. ^"Today we celebrate 42 years of formal diplomatic relations with Morroco!". April 10, 2017. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  95. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the People's Republic of China celebrate 48 years of formal diplomatic relations today, June 9!". June 9, 2023. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  96. ^"Today, July 4, we celebrate 44 years of the establishment of formal diplomatic relations between the Philippines and Kenya". July 4, 2019. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  97. ^Guidelines of the Foreign Policy of Papua New Guinea: Universalism. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Papua New Guinea. 1976. p. 55.
  98. ^"Today we celebrate 41 years of formal diplomatic relations with Tunisia!". December 15, 2016. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  99. ^"RELACIONES BILATERALES ENTRE URUGUAY Y FILIPINAS" (in Spanish). Archived fromthe original on June 29, 2022. RetrievedMay 18, 2022.
  100. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan celebrate 47 years of formal diplomatic relations today, March 1!". March 1, 2023. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  101. ^"Today, we celebrate 41 years of formal diplomatic relations with Sudan!". March 7, 2017. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  102. ^"Today, we celebrate 41 years of formal diplomatic relations with Senegal!". March 15, 2017. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  103. ^"Today we celebrate 41 years of formal diplomatic relations with Somalia!". April 20, 2017. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  104. ^"Today we celebrate 41 years of formal diplomatic relations with Central African Republic!". June 2, 2017. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  105. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Russian Federation celebrate 47 years of formal diplomatic relations". June 2, 2023. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  106. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Commonwealth of The Bahamas celebrate 47 years of formal diplomatic relations today, July 1!". July 1, 2023. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  107. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Republic of Liberia celebrate 45 years of formal diplomatic relations tomorrow, July 4!". July 3, 2021. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  108. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Republic of Ecuador celebrated 76 years of formal diplomatic relations yesterday, July 5!". July 6, 2022. RetrievedJune 30, 2023.
  109. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Gabonese Republic celebrate 44 years of formal diplomatic relations today, July 6!". July 6, 2020. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  110. ^"Asia". Government of Vietnam. April 2010. RetrievedApril 29, 2023.
  111. ^"Today we celebrate 40 years of formal diplomatic relations with Libya!". November 17, 2016. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  112. ^"Today we celebrate 40 years of formal diplomatic relations with Ethiopia!". February 7, 2017. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  113. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Republic of Yemen celebrate 46 years of formal diplomatic relations today, May 4!". May 4, 2023. RetrievedJuly 23, 2023.
  114. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and Samoa celebrate 44 years of formal diplomatic relations today, June 1!". June 1, 2021. RetrievedJune 18, 2022.
  115. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Republic of Malta celebrate 43 years of formal diplomatic relations today, June 9!".Facebook. June 9, 2020. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  116. ^"Today we celebrate 39 years of the establishment of formal diplomatic relations with Guinea-Bissau!". October 27, 2016. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  117. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Kingdom of Bahrain celebrated 44 years of formal diplomatic relations on November 27!". November 28, 2022. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  118. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"Diplomatic relations between Philippines and ..."United Nations Digital Library. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  119. ^"Philippine-Cyprus Relations".Philippine Embassy in Athens. Archived fromthe original on December 31, 2014. RetrievedDecember 31, 2014.
  120. ^"PBBM vows to explore, enhance bilateral relations with Zimbabwe". Presidential Communications Office. August 10, 2023. Archived fromthe original on September 30, 2023. RetrievedSeptember 9, 2023.
  121. ^"Countries with which Jamaica has Established Diplomatic Relations". April 16, 2021. Archived fromthe original on March 8, 2016. RetrievedApril 16, 2021.
  122. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Sultanate of Oman celebrate 42 years of formal diplomatic relations today, October 6!". October 6, 2022. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  123. ^"Today we celebrate 36 years of formal diplomatic relations with Guinea!". December 25, 2016. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  124. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the State of Qatar celebrate 42 years of formal diplomatic relations today, May 5!". May 5, 2023. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  125. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Kingdom of Tonga celebrate 40 years of formal diplomatic relations today, July 1!". July 1, 2021. RetrievedNovember 27, 2021.
  126. ^Le Mois en Afrique, Issues 194-202. Le Mois en Afrique, 1982. p. 160.
  127. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and Negara Brunei Darussalam celebrated 39 years of formal diplomatic relations on January 1!". January 5, 2023. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  128. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Republic of Ireland celebrate 39 years of formal diplomatic relations today, July 05!". July 5, 2023. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  129. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Republic of Albania celebrate 36 years of formal diplomatic relations". June 11, 2023. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  130. ^"LISTING OF ALL COUNTRIES WHICH HAVE ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH THE REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS (As of 13 February 2019)". Archived fromthe original on July 18, 2023. RetrievedNovember 29, 2021.
  131. ^"FSM Diplomatic Relations List". Government of the Federated States of Micronesia. RetrievedNovember 13, 2022.
  132. ^"The Philippines and the State of Palestine celebrates 28 years of formal diplomatic relations this year!". September 4, 2017. RetrievedMarch 2, 2024.
  133. ^"Today we celebrate 26 years of formal diplomatic relations with Sierra Leone!". April 3, 2017. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  134. ^"Kazakhstan's relations with Indonesia and the Philippines".Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the Republic of Indonesia. RetrievedJanuary 24, 2026.
  135. ^abcdefghijklmnMendoza, Amado Jr. (1995).Philippine policy perspectives on Russia, Central Asia and other Soviet successor states. Pasay, Metro Manila, Philippines: Foreign Service Institute.ISBN 9715520324.
  136. ^"Bilateral relations".MFA Moldova. Archived fromthe original on June 24, 2021. RetrievedJuly 31, 2021.
  137. ^"Štáty a teritóriá" (in Slovak). RetrievedMay 26, 2023.
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  139. ^"Bilateral relations - Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations".Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Croatia. RetrievedFebruary 5, 2022.
  140. ^"STATES WITH WHICH TURKMENISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS".Archived from the original on May 8, 2019. RetrievedMarch 17, 2022.
  141. ^"Bilateral Relations (country profiles listed alphabetically)". RetrievedNovember 23, 2022.
  142. ^"Today, we celebrate 22 years of formal diplomatic relations with Cote d'Ivoire!". March 22, 2017. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  143. ^"PHILIPPINES-LIECHTENSTEIN RELATIONS". Archived fromthe original on September 8, 2022. RetrievedSeptember 8, 2022.
  144. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Republic of Namibia celebrate 25 years of formal diplomatic relations today, May 17".Facebook. May 17, 2021. RetrievedApril 30, 2022.
  145. ^"Bilateral relations with the Republic of the Philippines". Archived fromthe original on August 2, 2024. RetrievedJuly 29, 2021.
  146. ^"Today we celebrate 21 years of formal diplomatic relations with Gambia!". June 26, 2017. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  147. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the State of Eritrea celebrate 25 years of formal diplomatic relations today, February 4!". February 4, 2022. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  148. ^"Countries with which Palau has Diplomatic Relations"(PDF). U.S. Department of the Interior. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on March 17, 2016. RetrievedApril 4, 2022.
  149. ^"Today we celebrate 19 years of formal diplomatic relations with Mauritius!". January 22, 2017. RetrievedJuly 16, 2023.
  150. ^"Today we celebrate 19 years of formal diplomatic relations with the Djibouti!". February 26, 2017. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  151. ^"Today we celebrate 19 years of formal diplomatic relations with Lesotho!". April 15, 2017. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  152. ^"Today, January 3, we celebrate 19 years of the establishment of formal diplomatic relations between the Philippines and Benin". January 3, 2019. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  153. ^"Today we celebrate 17 years of formal diplomatic relations with the Democratic Republic of Congo!". January 9, 2017. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  154. ^"Diplomatic relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Andorra. RetrievedJuly 3, 2021.
  155. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Republic of Kiribati celebrate 21 years of formal diplomatic relations today, March 25! (DFA Philippines)". RetrievedApril 11, 2023.
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  158. ^"Datumi priznanja i uspostave diplomatskih odnosa".Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina (in Bosnian). 2022. RetrievedApril 26, 2022.
  159. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Democratic Republic of Timor Leste celebrate 19 years of formal diplomatic relations today, May 20".Archived from the original on December 27, 2021. RetrievedDecember 25, 2021.
  160. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and Tuvalu celebrate 19 years of formal diplomatic relations today, September 23!". RetrievedJuly 12, 2022.
  161. ^"Rapporti bilaterali della Repubblica di San Marino" (in Italian). RetrievedDecember 15, 2021.
  162. ^"Uganda: Museveni Receives New Envoys".allAfrica. December 16, 2003. RetrievedSeptember 20, 2023.
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  166. ^"Le Chef de l'Etat a reçu les lettres de créance du nouvel Ambassadeur de la République de Philippines en Union des Comores".beit-salam.km (in French). Archived fromthe original on March 25, 2012. RetrievedAugust 19, 2023.
  167. ^Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Immigration (December 16, 2011)."The Cook Islands and the Philippines Establish Formal Diplomatic Ties". Cook Islands Government. Archived fromthe original on October 16, 2015. RetrievedOctober 9, 2015.
  168. ^"PHL, South Sudan establish diplomatic ties". GMA News. March 15, 2013. RetrievedMarch 15, 2013.
  169. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Islamic Republic of Mauritania celebrate 8 years of formal diplomatic relations today, September 30!". September 30, 2021. RetrievedJuly 31, 2023.
  170. ^"Signing of the Joint Communique with Niue Premier Dalton Tagelagi 9/27/2022".Youtube. RetrievedSeptember 27, 2022.
  171. ^"Overview of Philippines-Mali Bilateral Relations".dfa.gov.ph. RetrievedOctober 19, 2025.
  172. ^"Philippines and Grenada Establish Diplomatic Relations".Department of Foreign Affairs (Philippines).Archived from the original on May 14, 2025. RetrievedMay 14, 2025.
  173. ^ab"PH, Bhutan establish formal diplomatic relations".Philippine News Agency. October 7, 2025. RetrievedOctober 7, 2025.
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  176. ^"Bhutan Prime Minister Visits ADB to Celebrate Three-Decade Partnership".Asian Development Bank. September 5, 2014.Archived from the original on August 12, 2017. RetrievedAugust 12, 2017.
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