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Foreign relations of the Cook Islands

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

TheCook Islands maintainsdiplomatic relations with various countries and is a member of multilateral organisations. While the country is infree association withNew Zealand, which can act on the Cook Islands' "delegated authority [...] to assist the Cooks Islands" in foreign affairs,[1] the Cook Islands nevertheless enters into treaty obligations and otherwise "interacts with the international community as a sovereign and independent state."[1]

History

[edit]

In the 1980s the Cook Islands became a member of severalUnited Nations specialized agencies: theWorld Health Organization in 1984, theFood and Agriculture Organization andUNESCO in 1985, and theInternational Civil Aviation Organization in 1986. TheRepertory of Practice of United Nations Organs records that in 1988 New Zealand declared "that its future participation in international agreements would no longer extend to the Cook Islands..."[2] In 1991 the Cook Islands became a full member of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) Preparatory Committee and the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee for a Framework Convention on Climate Change (INC), which theRepertory of Practice describes as "further evidence that the international community had accepted the Cook Islands as a “State” under international law."[2] The United Nations Secretariat therefore "recognized the full treaty-making capacity of the Cook Islands" in 1992[2] and the Secretary-General, in his capacity as the depository of multilateral treaties, decided that the Cook Islands could participate in treaties that were open to "all states".[3]

Diplomatic relations

[edit]

List of countries with which the Cook Islands maintains diplomatic relations:

#CountryDate
1Norway18 July 1991[4]
2Malaysia2 May 1992[5]
3New Zealand1993[6]
4Australia1994[6]
5Nauru1994[6]
6Portugal12 August 1995[7]
7Papua New Guinea1995[6]
8South Africa9 February 1996[8]
9Iran1996[6]
10China25 July 1997[9]
11Spain29 January 1998[10]
12IndiaMay 1998[11][12]
13Fiji14 July 1998[13]
—Holy See29 April 1999[14]
14France19 October 1999[15]
15Germany11 September 2001[16]
16Cuba2 September 2002[17]
17Timor-Leste2002[6]
18Jamaica14 May 2003[18]
19Italy9 October 2003[19]
20Belgium6 April 2005[20]
21Thailand24 May 2005[21]
22IsraelApril 2008[22]
23Czech Republic12 May 2008[23]
24Turkey20 October 2008[24]
25  Switzerland7 March 2011[25]
26Japan16 June 2011[26]
27Netherlands16 August 2011[27]
28Philippines12 December 2011[28]
29Singapore6 August 2012[29]
30South Korea22 February 2013[30]
31Samoa30 August 2013[31]
32TuvaluAugust 2013[32]
33Solomon Islands1 September 2013[33]
34Kiribati3 September 2013[34]
35Marshall Islands3 September 2013[34]
36Palau3 September 2013[34]
—Niue2013[6]
37Vanuatu2013[6]
38Federated States of Micronesia24 September 2014[35]
39Tonga18 November 2014[36]
—Kosovo28 May 2015[37]
40Brazil21 August 2015[38]
41Chile3 August 2016[39]
42PeruSeptember 2017[40]
43Malta6 October 2017[41]
44Iceland13 October 2017[42]
45Antigua and Barbuda9 November 2017[43]
46United Arab Emirates5 August 2018[44]
47Estonia25 August 2018[45]
48Hungary20 September 2018[46]
49Greece20 October 2018[47]
50Indonesia12 July 2019[48]
51Kuwait8 December 2021[49]
52Vietnam26 April 2022[50]
53Ireland21 November 2022[51]
54Saudi Arabia11 April 2023[52]
55Canada20 May 2023[53]
56United States25 September 2023[54]
57Ghana8 November 2023[55]
58Mexico21 November 2023[56]
59Panama8 March 2024[57]
60Bangladesh11 April 2024[58]
61Ecuador21 May 2024[59]
62Seychelles31 May 2024[60]
63Poland20 March 2025[61]
64Azerbaijan29 April 2025[62]
65Cambodia14 May 2025[63]

Bilateral relations

[edit]

Americas

[edit]
CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
United States2023[64]

The Cook Islands signed theCook Islands–United States Maritime Boundary Treaty in 1980.[65] The US established diplomatic relations with the Cook Islands in 25 September 2023.[64]

Asia

[edit]
CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
China1997[9]

The Chinese Embassy to New Zealand inWellington is also accredited to the Cook Islands.[66]

India1998[67]
  • The Indian High Commission inSuva,Fiji is accredited to the Cook Islands.[67]

Europe

[edit]
CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
United KingdomN/A
Cook Islander Prime MinisterMark Brown withBritish Foreign SecretaryJames Cleverly at aUnited Nations General Assembly inNew York City, September 2023.

The Cook Islands has not establisheddiplomatic relations with the United Kingdom; the UK does not recognise the Cook Islands to be a sovereign nation.

  • The Cook Islands does not maintain an embassy in the United Kingdom.
  • The United Kingdom is not accredited to the Cook Islands through an embassy; the UK develops relations through itshigh commission in Wellington, New Zealand.[68]

The UK governed theCook Islands from 1888 to 1901, when the Cook Islands were transferred to New Zealand.[69]

Both countries share common membership of theWorld Health Organization.

Oceania

[edit]
CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Australia1994SeeAustralia–Cook Islands relations
  • Australia and the Cook Islands established diplomatic relations in 1994, with the Australian High Commissioner resident inWellington, New Zealand.[70]
  • Australia has a high commission inRarotonga, opened in December 2019. For a detailed history of Australian accreditation to the Cook Islands seeList of high commissioners of Australia to the Cook Islands.
  • Although the Cook Islands maintained a resident high commission in Canberra for some years in the 1990s, at present it has no diplomatic representation to Australia.
  • Australia's relationship with the Cook Islands focuses on shared membership of regional organisations, trade and investment, people-to-people links and security cooperation. The 2016 census records that a diaspora of at least 22,000 Cook Islands citizens live in Australia, including in Melbourne, Sydney and Perth.[71]
  • There have been regular exchanges of ministerial visits. Prime MinisterHenry Puna made an official visit to Australia in November 2019. Governor-GeneralDavid Hurley made an official visit to the Cook Islands in June 2023.[72]
New Zealand1993[6]
  • The Cook Islands maintains a High Commission inWellington and a Consul-General in Auckland.[73]
  • New Zealand maintains a High Commission inRarotonga.[74]

Consular relations

[edit]

The following countries have established consular relations with the Cook Islands only.

International organisation participation

[edit]
43rdPacific Islands Forum, in the Cook Islands, 28.8.-1.9.2012

Participation in international treaties and conventions

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Cook IslandsHonorary Consul is appointed to and acknowledged in Monaco since 2007 or before.[75][76]
  2. ^including the Facility Agreement with theComprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization.[82]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ab"Cook Islands: Constitutional status and international personality"(PDF). New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. 2005. p. 2. Retrieved28 July 2025 – via Cook Islands Parliament.
  2. ^abcRepertory of Practice of United Nations Organs, Supplement No. 8, Volume VI at para 11Archived 2013-10-19 at theWayback Machine
  3. ^Summary of Practice of the Secretary-General as Depositary of Multilateral Treaties (United Nations, New York, 1999) at para 86
  4. ^"Norges opprettelse av diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater" [Norway's establishment of diplomatic relations with foreign states](PDF) (in Norwegian). 1999-04-27. Retrieved2017-12-02.
  5. ^"Senarai tarikh penubuhan hubungan diplomatik Malaysia dan negara - negara luar" (in Malay).Archived from the original on 23 September 2022. Retrieved13 November 2021.
  6. ^abcdefghiMinistry of Foreign Affairs and Immigration (2015)."Pacific relations". Cook Islands Government. Archived fromthe original on 2014-10-13. Retrieved2015-10-08.
  7. ^"Ilhas Cook" (in Portuguese). Retrieved2 July 2022.
  8. ^"Cook Islands". Archived fromthe original on 13 September 2015. Retrieved20 May 2023.
  9. ^ab"Joint Communique Between the People's Republic of China and the Cook Islands on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Embassy of the People's Republic of China to New Zealand. 28 October 2022. Retrieved21 May 2023.
  10. ^"Islas Cook"(PDF) (in Spanish). p. 3. Retrieved21 May 2023.
  11. ^Summary of World Broadcasts: Asia, Pacific. Vol. 3960–3971.British Broadcasting Corporation. 2000. p. 11.
  12. ^"Former High Commissioners". Retrieved21 May 2023.
  13. ^"Formal diplomatic relations list"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 27 August 2019. Retrieved31 March 2018.
  14. ^"Diplomatic relations of the Holy See". Retrieved5 September 2022.
  15. ^"Liste Chronologique des Ambassadeurs, Envoyés Extraordinaires, Ministres Plénipotentiaires et Chargés D'Affaires de France à L'Étranger Depuis 1945"(PDF) (in French). p. 52.
  16. ^"Deutschland und die Cookinseln: Bilaterale Beziehungen". German Foreign Ministry. 2020-05-13. Retrieved2020-05-27.
  17. ^"Cuba e Islas Cook festejan 15 años de relaciones diplomáticas" (in Spanish). 1 September 2007. Retrieved21 May 2023.
  18. ^"Countries with which Jamaica has Established Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade of Jamaica. 2014. Archived fromthe original on 2016-03-08. Retrieved2016-01-27.
  19. ^"STATI DI SERVIZIO DEL PERSONALE DELLA CARRIERA DIPLOMATICA E DELLA DIRIGENZA DEL MINISTERO DEGLI AFFARI ESTERI CHE HA CESSATO DI FAR PARTE DELL'AMMINISTRAZIONE DAL 1° GENNAIO 2000 AL 30 MAGGIO 2014"(PDF) (in Italian). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 24 July 2021. Retrieved21 May 2023.
  20. ^"SERVICE PUBLIC FEDERAL AFFAIRES ETRANGERES, COMMERCE EXTERIEUR ET COOPERATION AU DEVELOPPEMENT" (in French). 6 April 2005. Retrieved9 December 2021.
  21. ^"หมู่เกาะคุก (Cook Islands)" (in Thai). Retrieved21 May 2023.
  22. ^"The Cook Islands". 10 July 2017. Retrieved21 May 2023.
  23. ^"Souhrnná teritoriální informace Cookovy ostrovy" [Summary of territorial information Cook Islands](PDF) (in Czech). Czech Embassy Canberra & Czech Consulate Sydney. 2011-01-10. Retrieved2012-10-13.
  24. ^Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Turkish Republic (2011)."Türkiye–Cook Adaları Siyasi İlişkileri" [Turkey-Cook Islands Political Relations] (in Turkish). Archived fromthe original on 2016-02-18. Retrieved2015-10-09.
  25. ^Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Immigration (2011-03-07)."Cook Islands and Switzerland establish diplomatic relations". Cook Islands Government. Archived fromthe original on 2015-10-23. Retrieved2015-10-09.
  26. ^"Establishment of diplomatic relations between Japan and the Cook Islands and a courtesy call by Mr Takeaki Matsumoto, Foreign Minister of Japan to Hon Henry Puna, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands"(PDF). Embassy of Japan in New Zealand. 2011-06-20. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2011-09-17. Retrieved2015-10-09.
  27. ^Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Immigration (2011-08-16)."Cook Islands and Netherlands establish diplomatic relations". Cook Islands Government. Archived fromthe original on 2015-10-23. Retrieved2015-10-09.
  28. ^Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Immigration (2011-12-16)."The Cook Islands and the Philippines Establish Formal Diplomatic Ties". Cook Islands Government. Archived fromthe original on 2015-10-16. Retrieved2015-10-09.
  29. ^"Singapore established bilateral relations with Niue and Cook Islands on 6 August 2012". Ministry of Foreign Affairs Singapore. Archived fromthe original on 27 July 2014.Singapore has established diplomatic relations with Cook Islands, ... Niue, ...
  30. ^"KOREA ESTABLISHES DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH THE COOK ISLANDS". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea. 25 February 2013.Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved21 October 2014.The Cook Islands will mark the 190th country with which Korea has forged diplomatic relations.
  31. ^"Foreign Affairs & Trade Bulletin"(PDF). p. 2. Retrieved18 June 2022.
  32. ^"Tuvalu PM visits Rarotonga".Cook Islands News. 30 October 2013. p. 9. Archived fromthe original on 21 May 2023. Retrieved21 May 2023.
  33. ^"Solomon Islands Diplomatic and Consular List". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and External Trade of Solomon Islands. 1 June 2020. pp. 36–38.Archived from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved12 December 2020.
  34. ^abc"Cook Island establishes diplomatic relations with Kiribati, Palau and Marshall Islands". 4 September 2013. Archived fromthe original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved21 May 2023.
  35. ^"FSM Diplomatic Relations List". Government of the Federated States of Micronesia. Retrieved13 November 2022.
  36. ^"Diplomatic relations with all Pacific Island Forum members complete".Cook Islands News. 20 November 2014. Retrieved9 October 2015.
  37. ^Gëzim Visoka (2018).Acting Like a State: Kosovo and the Everyday Making of Statehood. Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 219–221.ISBN 9781138285330.
  38. ^Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between Brazil and the Cook Islands, retrieved2015-09-01
  39. ^"His Excellency Isauro Torres Negri, Ambassador of Chile and His Excellency Mario Alzugaray Rodriguez, Ambassador of Cuba both presented their credentials to the Queens Representative, His Excellency Tom Marsters at Government House 3rd August 2016". Cook Islands Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Immigration. 4 August 2016. Retrieved2017-10-11.
  40. ^"The Cook Islands expand relations with Latin American countries". Cook Islands Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Immigration. 2017-10-05. Retrieved2017-10-09.
  41. ^"Joint communique". Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 21 May 2023. Retrieved21 May 2023.
  42. ^"Iceland - Establishment of Diplomatic Relations".Government of Iceland. Retrieved1 August 2021.
  43. ^"Antigua and Barbuda Establishes Diplomatic Relations with the Cook Islands".Antigua Chronicle. 2017-11-15. Archived fromthe original on 2017-11-16. Retrieved2017-11-21.
  44. ^"UAE, Cook Islands sign deal to establish diplomatic relations".The Gulf Today. 5 August 2018. Archived fromthe original on 6 August 2018. Retrieved5 August 2018.
  45. ^"Estonia and Cook Islands establish diplomatic relations". MFA Estonia. 2018-10-25. Retrieved2018-11-11.
  46. ^"Cook Islands formalize diplomatic relations with Hungary".Facebook. 24 September 2018. Retrieved24 February 2024.
  47. ^"Ministry of Foreign Affairs Announcement on the establishment of diplomatic relations with the Cook Islands". Embassy of Greece in Canberra. 2018-10-22. Retrieved2018-11-11.
  48. ^"Indonesia Buka Hubungan Diplomatik dengan Niue dan Kepulauan Cook".detikNews (in Indonesian). 12 July 2019. Retrieved2 January 2025.
  49. ^"Kuwait signs a joint statement with the Cook Islands to establish diplomatic relations". 8 December 2021. Archived fromthe original on 23 September 2022. Retrieved8 December 2021.
  50. ^"Vietnam, Cook Islands Establish Diplomatic Relations". 26 April 2022. Retrieved29 April 2023.
  51. ^"COOK ISLANDS AND IRELAND COMMIT TO STRENGTHEN CO-OPERATION". 21 November 2022. Retrieved21 May 2023.
  52. ^"Saudi Arabia, Cook Islands sign protocol to establish diplomatic relations between them". 12 April 2023. Retrieved12 April 2023.
  53. ^"COOK ISLANDS AND CANADA ESTABLISH DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS".mfai.gov.ck. Retrieved21 May 2023.
  54. ^"On the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the United States and the Cook Islands".United States Department of State. Retrieved26 September 2023.
  55. ^"Marking a milestone in our relations with Pacific countries, today in Rarotonga the Prime Minister of the Cook Islands Hon. @MarkBrownPM and I signed an MOU to establish diplomatic relations between our two countries". 8 November 2023. Retrieved8 November 2023.
  56. ^Bravo, Alfredo Pérez (21 November 2023)."México fortalece su presencia en el Pacífico Sur. Con la Alta Comisionada HE Kairangi Samuela, tuve el honor de realizar el canje de notas con el cual se reconoció la existencia de relaciones diplomáticas entre México e Islas Cook" (in Spanish).
  57. ^"THE COOK ISLANDS FORMALISE DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH PANAMA". 8 March 2024. Retrieved9 March 2024.
  58. ^"Cook Islands and Bangladesh Establish Diplomatic Relations".Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Immigration Government of the Cook Islands. 11 April 2024. Retrieved12 April 2024.
  59. ^"Ecuador firma un acuerdo con Islas Cook, que beneficia a la flota pesquera" (in Spanish). 23 May 2024.
  60. ^"Seychelles and Cooks Islands formalise diplomatic relations on margins of SIDS4". 31 May 2024.
  61. ^"Diplomatic and consular relations established between Republic of Poland and Cook Islands".Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Poland. 25 March 2025. Retrieved25 March 2025.
  62. ^"The Cook Islands and Azerbaijan Formalise Diplomatic Ties".Cook Islands Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Immigration's on Facebook. 30 April 2025. Retrieved1 May 2025.
  63. ^"Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Kingdom of Cambodia and the Cook Islands".mfaic.gov.kh. 1 July 2025. Retrieved4 July 2025.
  64. ^ab"US recognizes Cook Islands and Niue as independent states | CNN Politics".CNN. September 25, 2023.
  65. ^Anderson, Ewan W. (2003).International Boundaries: A Geopolitical Atlas, p. 595; Charney, Jonathan I.et al. (2005).International Maritime Boundaries, 5 vols, pp. 985–993.
  66. ^"China-Cook Islands". Embassy of the People's Republic of China in New Zealand. Retrieved16 February 2025.
  67. ^ab"India – Cook Islands Relations"(PDF).Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India. 15 January 2016. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 29 April 2016. Retrieved22 April 2017.
  68. ^"British High Commission Wellington".GOV.UK.Archived from the original on 18 January 2024. Retrieved19 January 2024.
  69. ^BBC News (9 January 2018)."Cook Islands Profile".BBC News.Archived from the original on 23 April 2025. Retrieved3 September 2025.
  70. ^*Australian high commission to the Cook Islands* Australian High Commission Cook Islands. Retrieved 17 July 2021
  71. ^*Cook Islands Country BriefArchived 13 August 2021 at theWayback Machine* Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Retrieved 17 July 2021
  72. ^*Governor-General's Program 27 June 2023Archived 3 July 2023 at theWayback Machine* Governor-General of Australia. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
  73. ^"Overseas Mission". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Immigration, Cook Islands Government.Archived from the original on 1 March 2024. Retrieved18 April 2024.
  74. ^"New Zealand High Commission to the Cook Islands".New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade.Archived from the original on 17 April 2024. Retrieved18 April 2024.
  75. ^Ordonnance Souveraine n° 1.259 du 10 août 2007 auto risant à exercer les fonctions de Consul honoraire des Iles Cook dans Notre Principauté. (Journal de Monaco Bulletin Officiel de la Principautè)
  76. ^Honorary Consul in MonacoArchived 2016-01-30 at theWayback Machine
  77. ^Zabeena (2015-06-22)."Cook Islands joins ILO". Fiji Television Limited. Archived fromthe original on 2015-10-15. Retrieved2015-10-08.
  78. ^"The World Factbook 2020: Cook Islands". CIA. Retrieved30 July 2020.
  79. ^"NZ may be invited to join proposed ‘Polynesian Triangle’ ginger group", Pacific Scoop, 19 September 2011
  80. ^"New Polynesian Leaders Group formed in Samoa", Radio New Zealand International, 18 November 2011
  81. ^"American Samoa joins Polynesian Leaders Group, MOU signed".Samoa News. Savalii. 20 November 2011. Retrieved30 July 2020.
  82. ^CBTO Preparatory Commission."Cook Islands tenth State signatory to have signed Facility Agreement". Retrieved2015-10-09.
  83. ^International Mobile Satellite Organization (2015)."Member States". Archived fromthe original on 2013-09-09. Retrieved2015-10-09.

External links

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