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Foreign relations of Turkey refers to the diplomatic and trade ties between Turkey and other nations.^[1] As of December 2024, Turkey maintains diplomatic relations with 189member states of the United Nations.^[2][3][4]

Prior to declaring war against theAxis powers on February 23, 1945,^[5] Turkey's primary ally had been theUnited States, with both countries aiming to containSoviet expansion.^[6][7] In support of theUnited Nations, Turkey contributed personnel to theKorean War in 1950 and joinedNATO in 1952.^[8]

Turkey's relations with theArab World andIran have been strained due to its recognition ofIsrael in 1949 and its alliance with Israel during theIsraeli-Palestinian conflict.^[9][1] This subsequently led to overtSyrian support forPalestinian andArmenian militant operations against Turkish diplomats abroad until 1990.^[10][11][12]

Historically, theforeign relations of the Ottoman Empire and later Turkey balanced regional and global powers against one another, forming alliances that best protected the interests of the incumbent regime.^[13] TheSoviet Union played a major role in supplying weapons and financingMustafa Kemal Atatürk's faction during theTurkish War of Independence, but Turkey followed a course of relative international isolation during the period ofAtatürk's reforms in the 1920s and 1930s. International conferences gave Turkey full control of the strategic straits linking the Black Sea and the Mediterranean through theTreaty of Lausanne in 1923 and theMontreux Convention of 1936.^[14]

In the late 1930s,Nazi Germany made a major effort to promote anti-Soviet propaganda in Turkey. In response,Britain andFrance negotiated a tripartite treaty with Turkey in 1939 in which they gave Turkey a line of credit to purchase war materials from the West and a loan to facilitate the purchase of commodities.^[15] After threats from Germany and the Soviet Union, Turkey maintained neutrality.^[16] It soldchrome—an important war material—to both sides, but by 1944, as the eventuality of German defeat grew more evident, chrome sales to Germany halted.^[17][18][19]

Turkey becameone of the early members of theCouncil of Europe in 1950. Turkey applied for full membership of theEEC in 1987, joined theEuropean Union Customs Union in 1995, and startedaccession negotiations with theEuropean Union in 2005.^[21][22] In a non-binding vote on 13 March 2019, theEuropean Parliament called on the EU governments to suspend EU accession talks with Turkey, citing violations of human rights and the rule of law. The negotiations, which have been effectively on hold since 2018, remain active as of 2025.^[23]

According to the United States government, the other defining aspect of Turkey's foreign policy has been the country's long-standingstrategic alliance with the United States.^[24][25] TheTruman Doctrine in 1947 enunciated American intentions to guarantee the security of Turkey and Greece during theCold War, and resulted in large-scale U.S. military and economic support to the countries. In 1948, both Turkey and Greece were included in theMarshall Plan and theOEEC for rebuilding European economies.^[26]

Turkey joinedNATO in 1952, strengthening its bilateral ties with the United States. In the following decades, Turkey benefited from American political, economic, and diplomatic support—particularly on critical issues such as its longstanding bid for European Union membership.^[27] In the post–Cold War era, Turkey's geostrategic importance shifted towards its proximity to theMiddle East, theCaucasus, and the Balkans.^[28]

The independence of the Turkic states of the Soviet Union in 1991, with which Turkey shares a common cultural,historic andlinguistic heritage, allowed Turkey to extend its economic and political relations deep intoCentral Asia.^[29] TheInternational Organization of Turkic Culture (TURKSOY) was established in 1993, and theOrganization of Turkic States (OTS) was established in 2009. TheBaku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline, a multi-billion-dollar oil and natural gaspipeline that extends fromBaku inAzerbaijan to the port ofCeyhan in Turkey, is a part of Turkey's foreign policy goal to become an energy conduit from theCaspian Sea basin to Europe. Turkey sealed its land border with Armenia in a gesture of support to Azerbaijan (a Turkic state in the Caucasus region) during theFirst (1993) andSecond (2020) Nagorno-Karabakh Wars. The border remains closed as of 2025, opening only twice to allow aid to pass through.^[30][31] In 2022, Armenia and Turkey started diplomatic talks to normalize the relationship between the two countries. Turkey and Armenia have also restarted commercial flights between the two countries.^[32]

Under theAKP government (2002–present), Turkey's economy has increased rapidly and the country's influence has expanded in the Middle East based on a strategic depth doctrine, though this doctrine has been accused ofNeo-Ottomanism.^[33][34] Debate on Turkey's foreign relations is controversial both within Turkey and internationally. In the West, there exists a divide between those who are worried about Turkey's perceived movement away from the West toward a less democratic, more Islamic or more pro-Russian and pro-Chinese^[35] orientation and those who do not see Turkey's changing political structure, growing regional power, and diversification of relations with countries such as Russia as a threat.^[36]

Despite being one of the first countries to recognizeArmenia's independence, Turkey has never established formal diplomatic relations with it.^[37] Turkey formerly maintained diplomatic relations withCyprus andTaiwan.

List of countries with which Turkey maintains diplomatic relations:

#	Country	Date
1	Albania	15 December 1923[38]
2	United Kingdom	2 February 1924[39]
3	Italy	1 March 1924[40]
4	Romania	20 April 1924[41]
5	Hungary	7 May 1924[42]
6	Japan	6 August 1924[43]
7	Spain	27 September 1924[44]
8	France	7 October 1924[40]
9	Czech Republic	11 October 1924[45]
10	Russia	8 November 1924[46]
11	Austria	11 November 1924[47]
12	Finland	9 December 1924[48]
13	Denmark	26 January 1925[49]
14	Belgium	10 February 1925[50]
15	Switzerland	23 March 1925[40]
16	Greece	1 April 1925[40]
17	Egypt	8 May 1925[51]
18	Sweden	1 August 1925[47]
19	Netherlands	5 August 1925[47]
20	Chile	30 January 1926[52]
21	Afghanistan	24 February 1926[41]
22	Portugal	28 May 1926[53]
23	Argentina	29 June 1926[54]
24	Serbia	21 July 1926[50]
25	Bulgaria	30 October 1926[40]
26	United States	17 February 1927[55]
27	Brazil	8 September 1927[56]
28	Iraq	16 January 1928[57]
29	Mexico	12 July 1928[58]
30	Iran	21 October 1928[47]
31	Poland	25 October 1928[59]
32	Saudi Arabia	3 August 1929[60]
33	Norway	8 October 1930[50]
34	Uruguay	8 December 1933[61]
35	Canada	25 November 1943[62]
36	Yemen	4 March 1946[63]
37	Lebanon	8 March 1946[64]
38	Syria	8 March 1946[64][65]
39	Luxembourg	10 July 1946[66]
40	Jordan	31 March 1947[67]
41	India	15 August 1947[68]
42	Pakistan	30 November 1947[69]
43	Sri Lanka	4 February 1948[70]
44	Philippines	13 June 1949[71]
45	Israel	10 January 1950[50]
46	Indonesia	12 February 1950[72]
47	Bolivia	21 September 1950[73]
48	Costa Rica	21 September 1950[74]
49	Dominican Republic	21 September 1950[75]
50	Ecuador	21 September 1950[76]
51	El Salvador	21 September 1950[77]
52	Honduras	21 September 1950[78]
53	Nicaragua	21 September 1950[79]
54	Panama	21 September 1950[80]
55	Peru	21 September 1950[81][82]
56	Venezuela	21 September 1950[73]
57	Ireland	2 October 1951[83]
58	Germany	21 June 1952[84]
59	Cuba	25 November 1952[85]
60	Libya	30 December 1952[86]
61	Paraguay	11 September 1953[87]
62	Morocco	17 April 1956[88]
63	South Korea	8 March 1957[89]
64	Sudan	20 July 1957[90]
65	Tunisia	22 July 1957[40]
66	Iceland	25 November 1957[91]
67	Ethiopia	23 December 1957[40]
68	Thailand	12 May 1958[92]
69	Laos	20 June 1958[93]
70	Liberia	1 August 1958[94]
71	Myanmar	2 September 1958[95]
72	Guatemala	16 September 1958[96]
73	Ghana	30 October 1958[97]
74	Haiti	14 November 1958[98]
75	Colombia	10 April 1959[99]
—	Holy See	25 January 1960[100]
—	Cyprus (suspended)	16 August 1960[101]
76	Nigeria	16 February 1961[102]
77	Cameroon	11 October 1962[103][104]
78	Guinea	11 October 1962[104]
79	Nepal	15 November 1962[105]
80	Togo	6 December 1962[106]
81	Madagascar	30 January 1963[107]
82	Gabon	1 February 1963[108]
83	Mali	17 April 1963[109]
84	Algeria	30 June 1963[110]
85	Tanzania	5 July 1963[111]
86	Senegal	17 October 1963[112]
87	Kuwait	10 January 1964[113]
88	Malaysia	17 June 1964[114]
89	Ivory Coast	14 July 1964[115]
90	Somalia	13 December 1965[116]
91	Gambia	1965[117]
92	Australia	28 February 1967[118]
93	Niger	30 March 1967[119]
94	Malta	10 October 1967[120]
95	Kenya	30 March 1968[121]
96	Singapore	12 February 1969[122]
97	Cambodia	3 May 1969[123]
98	Mongolia	24 June 1969[124]
99	Malawi	4 August 1969[125]
100	Uganda	18 September 1969[126]
101	Chad	27 January 1970[127]
102	Burkina Faso	6 April 1970[128]
103	Mauritania	14 April 1970[129]
104	Sierra Leone	15 February 1971[130]
105	Zambia	25 February 1971[131]
106	Jamaica	30 March 1971[132]
107	China	4 August 1971[133]
108	Trinidad and Tobago	22 May 1972[134]
109	Barbados	20 September 1972[135]
110	Qatar	20 March 1973[136]
111	United Arab Emirates	21 March 1973[137]
112	Bahrain	12 April 1973[138]
113	Guyana	2 May 1973[139]
114	Oman	18 June 1973[140]
115	Bangladesh	22 February 1974[141]
116	Benin	29 March 1974[142]
117	Bahamas	5 November 1974[143]
118	Grenada	8 May 1975[144]
119	Democratic Republic of the Congo	22 October 1975[145]
120	Fiji	17 November 1975[146]
121	Guinea-Bissau	1975[147]
122	Tonga	26 January 1976[148]
123	Nauru	27 April 1976[149]
124	Suriname	29 June 1976[150]
125	Mauritius	18 October 1976[151]
126	Vietnam	7 June 1978[152]
127	New Zealand	12 December 1978[153]
128	Solomon Islands	8 March 1979[154]
129	Samoa	12 April 1979[155]
130	Maldives	28 May 1979[156]
131	Papua New Guinea	30 May 1979[157]
132	Cape Verde	24 June 1979[158]
133	Djibouti	25 June 1979[159]
134	Tuvalu	19 July 1979[160]
135	Comoros	22 August 1979[161]
136	Central African Republic	29 January 1980[162]
137	Rwanda	18 February 1980[163]
138	Burundi	30 April 1980[164]
139	Angola	9 July 1980[165]
140	Equatorial Guinea	16 September 1980[166]
141	Lesotho	1980[167]
142	Botswana	20 January 1981[168]
143	Eswatini	20 January 1981[169]
144	Mozambique	20 January 1981[170]
145	Republic of the Congo	9 November 1981[171]
146	São Tomé and Príncipe	1981[172]
147	Zimbabwe	2 July 1982[173]
—	Northern Cyprus	1983[174]
148	Brunei	27 June 1984[175]
149	Belize	November 1987[176]
150	Namibia	27 March 1990[177]
151	Lithuania	3 September 1991[178]
152	Latvia	22 October 1991[179]
153	Estonia	23 October 1991[180]
—	State of Palestine	19 December 1991[181]
154	Azerbaijan	14 January 1992[182]
155	Kyrgyzstan	29 January 1992[183]
156	Tajikistan	29 January 1992[184]
157	Moldova	3 February 1992[185]
158	Turkmenistan	29 February 1992[186]
159	Kazakhstan	2 March 1992[187]
160	Ukraine	3 March 1992[188]
161	Uzbekistan	4 March 1992[189]
162	Belarus	25 March 1992[190]
163	Georgia	21 May 1992[191]
164	Croatia	26 August 1992[192]
165	North Macedonia	26 August 1992[193]
166	Slovenia	26 August 1992[194]
167	Bosnia and Herzegovina	29 August 1992[195]
168	Liechtenstein	2 October 1992[196]
169	South Africa	12 October 1992[197]
170	Slovakia	1 January 1993[198]
171	Eritrea	19 July 1993[199]
172	Seychelles	22 June 1995[200]
173	Vanuatu	14 July 1995[201]
174	Andorra	8 October 1998[202]
175	Antigua and Barbuda	June 1999[203]
176	North Korea	27 June 2001[204]
177	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	4 April 2002[205]
178	Timor-Leste	20 May 2002[206]
179	Saint Lucia	25 May 2005[207]
180	San Marino	12 October 2005[208]
181	Dominica	13 April 2006[209]
182	Palau	2 May 2006[210]
183	Montenegro	3 July 2006[211]
184	Federated States of Micronesia	6 December 2006[212]
—	Kosovo	18 February 2008[213]
185	Marshall Islands	11 April 2008[214]
186	Monaco	28 May 2008[215]
187	Kiribati	20 June 2008[216]
—	Cook Islands	20 October 2008[217]
188	Saint Kitts and Nevis	3 June 2010[218]
189	South Sudan	9 July 2011[219]
190	Bhutan	26 September 2012[220]
—	Niue	7 June 2014[221]

Organization	Formal Relations Began	Notes
European Union	September 1963	SeeEuropean Union–Turkey relations andAccession of Turkey to the European Union
NATO	February 1952	SeeTurkey in NATO

There has been a revival in Turkey's relationships within Africa after 1998, and civil society is the leading factor in this process.^[222] Initially, this revival came as a passive attempt, but after 2005 it became an offensive interest in developing relations with the continent. The Turkey–Africa Cooperation Summit in 2008 marked a new stage in Turkey's interest in developing relations with Africa.^[223] Turkey, since its involvement in Somalia in 2011, is eager to be considered as a political actor in the continent.^[224][225]

Country/Region	Relations began	Notes	Free trade agreement
Algeria	30 June 1963[226]	SeeAlgeria–Turkey relations Algeria has an embassy inAnkara and a consulate general inIstanbul. Turkey has an embassy inAlgiers.[227] Trade volume between the two countries was 3.17 billion USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 2.03/1.14 billion USD).[228] 213,333 Algerian tourists visited Turkey in 2017.[228] Yunus Emre Institute has a local headquarters inAlgiers.[229]	X
Egypt	8 May 1925[230]	SeeEgypt–Turkey relations Egypt has an embassy inAnkara and a consulate general inIstanbul. Turkey has an embassy inCairo[231] and a consulate general inAlexandria.[232] Trade volume between the two countries was 5.25 billion USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 3.06/2.19 billion USD).[233] 100,971 Egyptian tourists visited Turkey in 2017.[233] Yunus Emre Institute has a local headquarters inCairo since 2010.[234]	√[235]
Libya	30 December 1952[236]	SeeLibya–Turkey relations Libya has an embassy inAnkara and a consulate general inIstanbul. Turkey has an embassy inTripoli.[237] and a consulate general inMisurata.[238] Trade volume between the two countries was 1.87 billion USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 1.50/0.37 billion USD).[239] 188,312 Libyan tourists visited Turkey in 2018.[239]	X
Mauritania	14 April 1970[129]	SeeMauritania–Turkey relations Mauritania has an embassy inAnkara.[240] Turkey has an embassy inNouakchott.[240] Trade volume between the two countries was 245 million USD in 2019.[240] There are direct flights fromIstanbul toNouakchott.[240]	X
Morocco	17 April 1956[241]	SeeMorocco–Turkey relations Morocco has an embassy inAnkara and a consulate general inIstanbul. Turkey has an embassy inRabat.[242] Trade volume between the two countries was 2.71 billion USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 1.99/0.72 billion USD).[243] 114,155 Moroccan tourists visited Turkey in 2017.[243] Yunus Emre Institute has a local headquarters inRabat.	√[235]
Sudan	20 July 1957[90]	SeeSudan–Turkey relations Sudan has an embassy inAnkara.[90] Turkey has an embassy inKhartoum.[90] Trade volume between the two countries was 434 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 361/73 million USD).[90] Yunus Emre Institute has a local headquarters inKhartoum.	X
Tunisia	1956[244]	SeeTunisia–Turkey relations Tunisia has an embassy inAnkara and a consulate general inIstanbul. Turkey has an embassy inTunis.[245] Trade volume between the two countries was 1.09 billion USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 904/182 million USD).[246] Yunus Emre Institute has a local headquarters inTunis.	√[235]

Since 2008, economic and diplomatic relations withAfrica have flourished due to a strong sentiment of fellowship amongTurkish people towardsAfricans. Foreign trade between sub-Saharan Africa and Turkey increased from US$581 million^[247] in 1998 to US$5.08^[248] billion in 2015.

Dating back to 1800,Turkey's relations with sub-Saharan Africa flourished from the 1860s—when theOttoman Empire started sending trained imams to the region—until 1885, when other European colonial powers blockedOttoman influence.^[249] Relations were restored in the 1950s,^[250] and gained momentum when EmperorHaile Selassie visitedTurkey in March 1967 and December 1969.^[251]

Since 2008,Turkey has contributed to the region through participation in peacekeeping missions, including the UN Mission in Ivory Coast (UNOC), theDemocratic Republic of the Congo,Liberia,Central African Republic,Chad.^[252]

Turkey has also dramatically increased financial aid to the region,^[247] providing a total of US$6.38 billion to the region just between 2006 and 2011^[253] including the 2011 donation of US$200 million to fight the famine in East Africa.^[252]

Country/Region	Relations began	Notes	Free trade agreement
Angola	9 July 1980[254]	SeeAngola–Turkey relations Angola has an embassy inAnkara.[255] Turkey has an embassy inLuanda.[255] Trade volume between the two countries was 212 million USD in 2019.[255] There are direct flights fromIstanbul toLuanda since 27 October 2021.[256]	X
Benin	29 March 1974[257]	SeeBenin–Turkey relations Benin closed its embassy in Ankara in 2021. Turkey has an embassy inCotonou.[258] Trade volume between the two countries was 142 million USD in 2019.[258] There are direct flights fromIstanbul toCotonou since 2014.[258]	X
Botswana	20 January 1981[259]	Permanent Representation ofBotswana in the UN Geneva Office is also accredited toTurkey. Turkey has an embassy inGaborone.[260] Trade volume between the two countries was 2.9 million USD in 2019.[260]	X
Burkina Faso	6 April 1970[261]	SeeBurkina Faso–Turkey relations Burkina Faso has an embassy inAnkara.[262] Turkey has an embassy inOuagadougou.[262] Trade volume between the two countries was 52.2 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 31.4/20.8 million USD).[262]	X
Burundi	30 April 1980[263]	SeeBurundi–Turkey relations Burundi has an embassy inAnkara.[264] Turkey has an embassy inBujumbura.[264] Trade volume between the two countries was 3.1 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 2.6/0.5 million USD).[264]	X
Cameroon	9 August 1963[265]	SeeCameroon–Turkey relations Cameroon has an embassy inAnkara. Turkey has an embassy inYaoundé. Trade volume between the two countries was 205 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 151/54 million USD).[266] There are direct flights fromIstanbul toYaoundé.	X
Cape Verde	24 June 1979[267]	SeeCape Verde–Turkey relations The Turkish ambassador inDakar toSenegal is also accredited toCabo Verde.[268] Trade volume between the two countries was 9.5 million USD in 2019.[268]	X
Central African Republic	18 February 1980[269]	SeeCentral African Republic–Turkey relations Central African Republic has an honorary consulate inIstanbul.[270] The Turkish ambassador inYaoundé toCameroon is also accredited to theCentral African Republic.[270] Trade volume between the two countries was 5.81 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 3.84/1.97 million USD).[270]	X
Chad	27 January 1970[271]	SeeChad–Turkey relations Chad has an embassy inAnkara.[272] Turkey has an embassy inN'Djamena.[272] Trade volume between the two countries was 72.4 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 39.9/32.5 million USD).[272] There are direct flights fromIstanbul toN'Djamena since 12 December 2013.[272]	X
Comoros	22 August 1979[273]	See Comoros–Turkey relations The ambassador of theComoros inCairo toEgypt is also accredited to Turkey.[274] The Turkish ambassador inAntananarivo toMadagascar is also accredited to the Union of the Comoros.[274] Trade volume between the two countries was 21.1 million USD in 2019.[274]	X
Congo	9 November 1981[171]	SeeRepublic of the Congo–Turkey relations Congo has an embassy inAnkara.[275] Turkey has an embassy inBrazzaville.[275] Trade volume between the two countries was 57.25 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 55.8/1.47 million USD).[275]	X
Côte d'Ivoire	14 July 1964[115]	SeeIvory Coast–Turkey relations Côte d'Ivoire has an embassy inAnkara.[276] Turkey has an embassy inAbidjan.[276] Trade volume between the two countries was 409.7 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 220.9/188.8 million USD).[276] There are direct flights fromIstanbul toAbidjan since July 2012.[276]	X
Democratic Republic of Congo	22 October 1975[145]	SeeDemocratic Republic of the Congo–Turkey relations Democratic Republic of the Congo has an embassy inAnkara.[277] Turkey has an embassy inKinshasa.[277] Trade volume between the two countries was 54.7 million USD in 2019.[277]	X
Djibouti	25 June 1979[159]	SeeDjibouti–Turkey relations Djibouti has an embassy inAnkara.[278] Turkey has an embassy inDjibouti.[278] Trade volume between the two countries was 252 million USD in 2019.[278]	X
Eritrea	19 July 1993[199]	SeeEritrea–Turkey relations The ambassador ofEritrea inDoha toQatar is also accredited to Turkey.[279] Turkey has an embassy inAsmara.[279] Trade volume between the two countries was 13.9 million USD in 2019.[279]	X
Equatorial Guinea	16 September 1980[166]	SeeEquatorial Guinea–Turkey relations Equatorial Guinea has an embassy inAnkara.[280] Turkey has an embassy inMalabo.[280] Trade volume between the two countries was 23.8 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 20.2/3.6 million USD).[280] There are direct flights fromIstanbul toMalabo since 7 February 2020.[280]	X
Eswatini	20 January 1981[281]	The Embassy of theEswatini inBrussels toBelgium is also accredited to Turkey.[282] The Turkish ambassador inPretoria toSouth Africa is also accredited toEswatini.[282] Trade volume between the two countries was 309 thousand USD in 2019.[282]	X
Ethiopia	30 January 1926, severed in 1936, re-established 23 December 1957[283]	SeeEthiopia–Turkey relations Ethiopia has an embassy inAnkara.[284] Turkey has an embassy inAddis Ababa.[284] Trade volume between the two countries was 398.8 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 378.3/27.5 million USD).[284]	X
Gabon	1 February 1963[285]	SeeGabon–Turkey relations Gabon has an embassy inAnkara.[286] Turkey has an embassy inLibreville.[286] Trade volume between the two countries was 38.9 million USD in 2018.[286]	X
Gambia	1965[117]	SeeGambia–Turkey relations Gambia has an embassy inAnkara.[117] Turkey has an embassy inBanjul.[117] There are direct flights fromIstanbul toBanjul since August 2018.[117]	X
Ghana		SeeGhana–Turkey relations Ghana has an embassy inAnkara.[287] Turkey has an embassy inAccra.[287] Trade volume between the two countries was 353.3 million USD in 2018.[287]	Pending Ratification[235]
Guinea		SeeGuinea–Turkey relations Guinea has an embassy inAnkara.[288] Turkey has an embassy inConakry.[288] Trade volume between the two countries was 136.7 million USD in 2019.[288] There are direct flights fromIstanbul toConakry since 30 January 2017.[288]	X
Guinea Bissau		SeeGuinea-Bissau–Turkey relations Guinea Bissau has an embassy inAnkara. Turkey has an embassy inBissau. Trade volume between the two countries was 4.95 million USD in 2019.[289]	X
Kenya	30 March 1968[121]	SeeKenya–Turkey relations Kenya has an embassy inAnkara.[290] Turkey has an embassy inNairobi.[290] Trade volume between the two countries was 234 million USD in 2019.[290] There are direct flights fromIstanbul toNairobi since 20 February 2009.[290]	X
Lesotho	1980[167]	The Embassy ofLesotho inRome is also accredited to Turkey.[291] The Turkish ambassador inPretoria toSouth Africa is also accredited toLesotho.[291] Trade volume between the two countries was 1.65 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 1.62/0.03 million USD).[291]	X
Liberia	1 August 1958[94]	SeeLiberia–Turkey relations The Embassy ofLiberia inBrussels is also accredited to Turkey.[292] The Turkish ambassador inAccra toGhana is also accredited toLiberia.[292] Trade volume between the two countries was 191.9 million USD in 2019.[292]	X
Madagascar		SeeMadagascar–Turkey relations Embassy ofMadagascar inRome toItaly is also accredited to Turkey.[293] Turkey has an embassy inAntananarivo.[293] Trade volume between the two countries was 76.5 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 71.3/5.2 million USD).[293]	X
Mali	17 April 1963[294]	SeeMali–Turkey relations Mali has an embassy inAnkara.[295] Turkey has an embassy inBamako.[295] Trade volume between the two countries was 57 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 48.4/8.6 million USD).[295]	X
Malawi	4 August 1969[125]	SeeMalawi–Turkey relations The Embassy ofMalawi inBerlin toGermany is also accredited to Turkey.[296] The Turkish ambassador inLusaka toZambia is also accredited toMalawi.[296] Trade volume between the two countries was 21 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 4.67/16.4 million USD).[296]	X
Mauritius	18 October 1976[151]	SeeMauritius–Turkey relations The Embassy ofMauritius inBerlin toGermany is also accredited to Turkey.[297] The Turkish ambassador inAntananarivo toMadagascar is also accredited toMauritius.[297] Trade volume between the two countries was 76.5 million USD in 2019.[297] There are direct flights fromIstanbul toMauritius since 15 December 2015.[297]	√[235]
Mozambique	20 January 1981[298]	SeeMozambique–Turkey relations The Embassy ofMozambique inRome toItaly is also accredited to Turkey.[299] Turkey has an embassy inMaputo.[299] Trade volume between the two countries was 153 million USD in 2019.[299]	X
Namibia	27 March 1990[177]	SeeNamibia–Turkey relations Turkey has an embassy inWindhoek.[300] Trade volume between the two countries was 11.84 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 9.40/2.44 million USD).[300]	X
Niger	30 March 1967[119]	SeeNiger–Turkey relations Niger has an embassy inAnkara.[301] Turkey has an embassy inNiamey.[301] Trade volume between the two countries was 72 million USD in 2019.[301]	X
Nigeria	16 February 1961[302]	SeeNigeria–Turkey relations Nigeria has an embassy inAnkara.[303] Turkey has an embassy inAbuja.[303] Trade volume between the two countries was 726 million USD in 2019.[303] There are direct flights fromIstanbul toAbuja,Lagos andPort-Harcourt.[303]	X
Rwanda	18 February 1980[304]	SeeRwanda–Turkey relations Rwanda has an embassy inAnkara.[305] Turkey has an embassy inKigali.[305] Trade volume between the two countries was 32.4 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 32.2/0.2 million USD).[305]	X
São Tomé and Príncipe		The Embassy ofSão Tomé and Príncipe inLisbon is also accredited to Turkey.[306] The Turkish ambassador inLibreville toGabon is also accredited toSão Tomé and Príncipe.[306] Trade volume between the two countries was 2.3 million USD in 2019.[306]	X
Senegal	17 October 1963[307]	SeeSenegal–Turkey relations Senegal has an embassy inAnkara.[308] Turkey has an embassy inDakar.[308] Trade volume between the two countries was 292 million USD in 2019.[308] There are direct flights fromIstanbul toDakar.[308] Yunus Emre Institute has a local headquarters inDakar.	X
Seychelles	22 June 1995[309]	SeeSeychelles–Turkey relations The Embassy ofSeychelles inParis is also accredited to Turkey.[310] The Turkish ambassador inNairobi toKenya is also accredited to theSeychelles.[310] Trade volume between the two countries was 25.4 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 17.7/7.7 million USD).[310]	X
Sierra Leone	15 February 1971[130]	SeeSierra Leone–Turkey relations Sierra Leone has an embassy inAnkara.[311] Turkey has an embassy inFreetown.[311] Trade volume between the two countries was 53.4 million USD in 2019.[311] There are direct flights fromIstanbul toFreetown.[311]	X
Somalia	13 December 1965[116]	SeeSomalia–Turkey relations Somalia has an embassy inAnkara.[312] Turkey has an embassy inMogadishu and a consulate general inHargeisa.[312] Trade volume between the two countries was 250.8 million USD in 2019.[312] Yunus Emre Institute has a local headquarters inMogadishu.	X
South Africa	12 October 1992[313]	SeeSouth Africa–Turkey relations South Africa has an embassy inAnkara.[314] Turkey has an embassy inPretoria.[314] Trade volume between the two countries was 1.3 billion USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 552.5/757.5 million USD).[314] There are direct flights fromIstanbul toCape Town andDurban since 2015.[314] 3,600 Turkish citizens reside inSouth Africa.[314] Yunus Emre Institute has a local headquarters inJohannesburg.	X
South Sudan	9 July 2011[219]	SeeSouth Sudan–Turkey relations South Sudan has an embassy inAnkara.[315] Turkey has an embassy inJuba.[315] Trade volume between the two countries was 3.2 million USD in 2019.[315]	X
Tanzania	5 July 1963[316]	SeeTanzania–Turkey relations Tanzania has an embassy inAnkara.[317] Turkey has an embassy inDar es Salaam.[317] Trade volume between the two countries was 151 million USD in 2015.[317] There are direct flights fromIstanbul toDar es Salaam andKilimanjaro since 2010.[317]	X
Togo	6 December 1962[318]	SeeTogo–Turkey relations Turkey has an embassy inLomé (planned).[319] Trade volume between the two countries was 106 million USD in 2019.[319]	X
Uganda	18 September 1969[126]	SeeTurkey–Uganda relations Uganda has an embassy inAnkara.[320] Turkey has an embassy inKampala.[320] Trade volume between the two countries was 40 million USD in 2018.[320]	X
Zambia	25 February 1971[131]	SeeTurkey–Zambia relations Zambia has an embassy inAnkara.[321] Turkey has an embassy inLusaka.[321] Trade volume between the two countries was 23.7 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 17.8/5.9 million USD).[321] There are direct flights fromIstanbul toLusaka since 14 December 2018.[321]	X
Zimbabwe	2 July 1982[173]	SeeTurkey–Zimbabwe relations Zimbabwe has an embassy inAnkara.[322] Turkey has an embassy inHarare.[322] Trade volume between the two countries was 17.7 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 5.9/11.8 million USD).[322]	X

Country/Region	Relations began	Notes	Free trade agreement
Argentina	29 June 1926[54]	SeeArgentina–Turkey relations Argentina has an embassy inAnkara. Turkey has an embassy inBuenos Aires. Both countries are members ofG20 andWTO. Flights fromIstanbul toBuenos Aires viaSão Paulo commenced in December 2013 and are taking place daily.[323] Trade volume between the two countries was 455 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 161/294 million USD.[323] 64,483Argentine tourists visited Turkey in 2019.	X
Chile	30 January 1926[52]	SeeChile–Turkey relations Chile has an embassy inAnkara. Turkey has an embassy inSantiago. Both countries are members ofOECD andWTO. Chile–Turkey Free Trade Agreement was signed on 14 July 2009 and has been in effect since 1 March 2011.[324] Trade volume between the two countries was 579 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 344/236 million USD.[324] 18,509Chilean tourists visited Turkey in 2019. Chile was the first country in Latin America torecognized Turkey.	√[235]
Paraguay	11 September 1953[87]	SeeParaguay–Turkey relations Paraguay has an embassy inAnkara.[325] Turkey has an embassy inAsunción.[325] Trade volume between the two countries was 82.1 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 47.1/35 million USD).[325] 1,328Paraguayan tourists visited Turkey in 2019.	X
Uruguay	8 December 1933[61]	SeeTurkey–Uruguay relations Uruguay has an embassy in Ankara and a consulate-general inIstanbul.[326] Turkey has an embassy inMontevideo.[326] Trade volume between the two countries was 341.4 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 42.8/298.6 million USD).[326] 7,191Uruguayan tourists visited Turkey in 2019.	X

Country	Relations began	Notes	Free trade agreement
Canada	25 November 1943[62]	SeeCanada–Turkey relations Canada has an embassy inAnkara and a consulate general inIstanbul. Turkey has an embassy inOttawa and Consulates General inMontreal,Toronto andVancouver. Both countries are members ofOECD,G20,NATO andWTO. There are direct flights fromIstanbul toToronto,Montreal andVancouver (starting in December 2020).[327] Trade volume between the two countries was 2.46 billion USD in 2019.[327] 139,164Canadian tourists visited Turkey in 2019. Around 65,000 people of Turkish origin live in Canada.[327]	X
Mexico	12 July 1928[58]	SeeMexico–Turkey relations Mexico has an embassy inAnkara[328] and a consulate inIstanbul.[329] Turkey has an embassy inMexico City.[330] Both countries are members ofOECD,G20 andWTO. Flights fromIstanbul toMexico City andCancún were launched in August 2019.[331] Trade volume between the two countries was 1.3 billion USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 602/678 million USD).[331] 66,557Mexican tourists visited Turkey in 2019. Yunus Emre Institute has a local headquarters inMexico City.	X
United States	13 September 1831, relations broke off 20 April 1917, re-established 17 February 1927[332]	SeeTurkey–United States relations United States has an embassy inAnkara, a consulate general inIstanbul and a Consulate inAdana. Turkey has an embassy inWashington, D.C. and Consulates General inBoston,Chicago,Houston,Los Angeles,Miami andNew York City. Both countries are members ofOECD,G20,NATO andWTO. There are direct flights fromIstanbul toAtlanta,Boston,Chicago,Dallas,Houston,Los Angeles,Miami,Newark,San Francisco,Seattle (starts 9 March 2022) andWashington, D.C. 578,074American tourists visited Turkey in 2019. Yunus Emre Institute has a local headquarters inWashington, D.C. Following itsNATO membership in 1952 and subsequent hosting of theUnited States Air Force inIncirlik Air Base, Turkey became the bulwark ofNATO's southeastern flank, the directly borderingWarsaw Pact countries. Turkey participated with the United States during theKorean War of the early 1950s and theGulf War of 1990.	X

Country/Region	Relations began	Notes	Free trade agreement
Antigua and Barbuda	June 1999[203]	The Turkish ambassador inSanto Domingo to theDominican Republic is also accredited toAntigua and Barbuda.[333] Trade volume between the two countries was 12.5 million USD in 2019.[333]	X
Bahamas	5 November 1974[143]	SeeBahamas–Turkey relations The Turkish ambassador inHavana toCuba is also accredited tothe Commonwealth of the Bahamas.[334] Trade volume between the two countries was 86.1 million USD in 2019.[334]	X
Barbados	20 September 1972[135]	The Turkish ambassador inPort of Spain toTrinidad and Tobago is also accredited toBarbados.[335] Trade volume between the two countries was 8.5 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 8.45/0.05 million USD).[335]	X
Cuba	25 November 1952[85]	SeeCuba–Turkey relations Turkey has an embassy inHavana.[336] Trade volume between the two countries was 54.7 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 42.9/11.8 million USD).[336] TheOttoman Empire Embassy toCuba opened in 1873.[337]	X
Dominica	13 April 2006[209]	The Turkish ambassador inSanto Domingo to theDominican Republic is also accredited toDominica.[338] Trade volume between the two countries was 1.6 million USD in 2019.[338]	X
Dominican Republic	28 November 1951[339]	SeeDominican Republic–Turkey relations Turkey has an embassy inSanto Domingo.[340] Trade volume between the two countries was 132.7 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 118.6/14.1 million USD).[340]	X
Grenada	8 May 1975[144]	The Turkish ambassador inPort of Spain toTrinidad and Tobago is also accredited toGrenada.[341] Trade volume between the two countries was 910 thousand USD in 2019.[341]	X
Haiti	1950[342]	SeeHaiti–Turkey relations The Turkish ambassador inSanto Domingo to theDominican Republic is also accredited toHaiti.[342] Trade volume between the two countries was 129.7 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 128.9/0.8 million USD).[342]	X
Jamaica	30 March 1971[132]	See Jamaica–Turkey relations The Turkish ambassador inHavana toCuba is also accredited toJamaica.[343] Trade volume between the two countries was 90.5 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 90/0.5 million USD).[343]	X
St. Kitts and Nevis		The Turkish ambassador inSanto Domingo to theDominican Republic is also accredited toSt. Kitts and Nevis.[344] Trade volume between the two countries was 5.9 million USD in 2019.[344]	X
St. Lucia	25 May 2005[207]	The Turkish ambassador inPort of Spain toTrinidad and Tobago is also accredited toSt. Lucia.[345] Trade volume between the two countries was 3 million USD in 2019.[345]	X
St. Vincent and Grenadines	4 April 2002[346]	SeeSaint Vincent and the Grenadines–Turkey relations The Turkish ambassador inPort of Spain toTrinidad and Tobago is also accredited toSt. Vincent and Grenadines.[347] Trade volume between the two countries was 11.3 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 4.8/6.5 million USD).[347]	X
Trinidad and Tobago	22 May 1972[134]	SeeTrinidad and Tobago–Turkey relations Turkey has an embassy inPort of Spain.[348] Trade volume between the two countries was 120.8 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 68.4/52.4 million USD).[348]	X

Country/Region	Relations began	Notes	Free trade agreement
Belize	November 1987[349]	See Belize–Turkey relations The Turkish ambassador inPort of Spain toTrinidad and Tobago is also accredited toBelize.[350] Trade volume between the two countries was 13.7 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 10.1/3.6 million USD).[350]	X
Costa Rica	21 September 1950[74]	SeeCosta Rica–Turkey relations Costa Rica has an embassy inAnkara.[351] Turkey has an embassy inSan Jose.[351] Trade volume between the two countries was 100 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 58.9/41.8 million USD).[351]	X
El Salvador	21 September 1950[77]	El Salvador has an embassy in Ankara. Turkey has an embassy inSan Salvador. Trade volume between the two countries was 17.1 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 14.8/2.3 million USD).[352]	X
Guatemala	1952[353]	SeeGuatemala–Turkey relations Guatemala has an embassy inAnkara and an honorary consulate inIstanbul.[354] Turkey has an embassy inGuatemala City.[354] Trade volume between the two countries was 63.5 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 53.5/10 million USD).[354]	X
Honduras	4 April 1950[355]	The Turkish ambassador inGuatemala City toGuatemala is also accredited toHonduras.[356] Trade volume between the two countries was 19.8 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 15/4.8 million USD).[356]	X
Nicaragua	21 September 1950[77]	SeeNicaragua–Turkey relations Turkey has an embassy inManagua.[357] Nicaraguan Embassy inBerlin toGermany is also accredited to Turkey.[357] Trade volume between the two countries was 11.6 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 11.1/0.5 million USD).[357]	X
Panama	14 April 1950[358]	SeePanama–Turkey relations Panama has an embassy inAnkara.[359] Turkey has an embassy inPanama.[359] Trade volume between the two countries was 260.9 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 248.8/12.1 million USD).[359]	X

Country/Region	Relations began	Notes	Free trade agreement
Bolivia	26 July 1950[360]	SeeBolivia–Turkey relations Turkey has an embassy inLa Paz.[361] Trade volume between the two countries was 130 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 22/108 million USD).[361] 2,491Bolivian tourists visited Turkey in 2019.	X
Brazil	8 September 1927[362]	SeeBrazil–Turkey relations Brazil has an embassy inAnkara and a consulate general inIstanbul.[363] Turkey has an embassy inBrasília and a consulate general inSão Paulo.[363] Both countries are members ofG20 andWTO. There are daily direct flights fromIstanbul toSão Paulo.[363] Trade volume between the two countries was 3.1 billion USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 0.48/2.6 billion USD).[363] 101,164Brazilian tourists visited Turkey in 2019.	X
Colombia	10 April 1959[99]	SeeColombia–Turkey relations Colombia has an embassy inAnkara. Turkey has an embassy inBogotá. Both countries are members ofOECD andWTO. Flights fromIstanbul toBogotá commenced in May 2016. Trade volume between the two countries was 1.7 billion USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 0.25/1.46 billion USD).[364] 70,974Colombian tourists visited Turkey in 2019.[365]	X
Ecuador	11 December 1959[366][367]	SeeEcuador–Turkey relations Ecuador has an embassy inAnkara and a consulate general inIstanbul. Turkey has an embassy inQuito and a consulate general inGuayaquil. Trade volume between the two countries was 117 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 59/58 million USD).[368] 8,416Ecuadorian tourists visited Turkey in 2019.	X
Guyana	2 May 1973[139]	The Turkish ambassador inPort of Spain toTrinidad and Tobago is also accredited toGuyana.[369] Trade volume between the two countries was 29.6 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 28.6/1 million USD).[369]	X
Peru	1952[370]	SeePeru–Turkey relations Peru has an embassy inAnkara and a consulate general inIstanbul.[371] Turkey has an embassy inLima.[371] Trade volume between the two countries was 250 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 177.4/72.6 million USD).[371] 11,430Peruvian tourists visited Turkey in 2019.	X
Suriname	29 June 1976[372]	SeeSuriname–Turkey relations The Turkish ambassador inPort of Spain toTrinidad and Tobago is also accredited toSuriname.[373] Trade volume between the two countries was 18.2 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 18.1/0.1 million USD).[373]	X
Venezuela	29 December 1950[citation needed]	SeeTurkey–Venezuela relations Turkey has an embassy inCaracas and an honorary consulate inMaracaibo.[374] Venezuela has an embassy inAnkara and a consulate general inIstanbul. Trade volume between the two countries was 150 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 130/20 million USD).[375][374]	X

Country/Region	Relations began	Notes	Free trade agreement
Azerbaijan	14 January 1992[376]	SeeAzerbaijan–Turkey relations Azerbaijan has an embassy inAnkara and Consulates General inIstanbul andKars and Consular Mission inIğdır.[376] Turkey has an embassy inBaku and Consulates General inNakhchivan andGanja.[376] Both countries are members ofAsia Cooperation Dialogue,Council of Europe,Economic Cooperation Organization,International Organization of Turkic Culture,OIC,TAKM,Turkic Council,TURKPA,Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation andOSCE. Trade volume between the two countries was 4.18 billion USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 1.63/2.55 billion USD).[377] 901,723Azeri tourists visited Turkey in 2019. Azerbaijan-Turkey relations have been described as "one nation with two states" due to a common culture and themutual intelligibility ofTurkish andAzerbaijani. Turkey became the first state to recognize the Republic of Azerbaijan in November 1991.[376] Yunus Emre Institute has a local branch inBaku.	X
Kazakhstan	2 March 1992[378]	SeeKazakhstan–Turkey relations Kazakhstan has an embassy inAnkara and a consulate general inIstanbul. Turkey has an embassy inAstana and a consulate general inAlmaty. Both countries are members ofAsia Cooperation Dialogue,Economic Cooperation Organization,International Organization of Turkic Culture,OIC,TAKM,Turkic Council,TURKPA,OSCE andWTO. Trade volume between the two countries was 3.9 billion USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 0.9/3 billion USD).[379] 455,724Kazakh tourists visited Turkey in 2019. Turkey became the first state to recognize the Republic of Kazakhstan.[378] Yunus Emre Institute has a local branch inAstana.	X
Kyrgyzstan	29 January 1992[380]	SeeKyrgyzstan–Turkey relations Kyrgyzstan has an embassy inAnkara.[380] Turkey has an embassy inBishkek.[380] Both countries are members ofAsia Cooperation Dialogue,Economic Cooperation Organization,International Organization of Turkic Culture,OIC,TAKM,Turkic Council,TURKPA,OSCE andWTO. Trade volume between the two countries was 519 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 442/77 million USD).[381] 121,364Kyrgyz tourists visited Turkey in 2019. Turkey became the first state to recognize the Republic ofKyrgyzstan.[382]	X
Turkmenistan	29 February 1992[383]	SeeTurkey–Turkmenistan relations Turkmenistan has an embassy inAnkara. Turkey has an embassy inAshgabat. Both countries are members ofEconomic Cooperation Organization,International Organization of Turkic Culture andOIC. Trade volume between the two countries was 1.35 billion USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 745/601 million USD).[384] 297,706Turkmen tourists visited Turkey in 2019. Turkey became the first state to recognize Turkmenistan on 27 October 1991.[383]	X
Uzbekistan	4 March 1992[385]	SeeTurkey–Uzbekistan relations Uzbekistan has an embassy inAnkara and a Consulate General inIstanbul Turkey has an embassy inTashkent. Both countries are members ofAsia Cooperation Dialogue,Economic Cooperation Organization,International Organization of Turkic Culture,OIC,TAKM,Turkic Council,TURKPA,OSCE andWTO. Trade volume between the two countries was 2.3 billion USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 1.23/1.14 billion USD).[386] 252,138Uzbek tourists visited Turkey in 2019.	X

Country/Region	Relations began	Notes	Free trade agreement
Afghanistan	1 March 1921[387]	SeeAfghanistan–Turkey relations Afghanistan has an embassy inAnkara and a Consulate General inIstanbul. Turkey has an embassy inKabul and Consulate General inKandahar andMazar-e Sharif. Both countries are members ofAsia Cooperation Dialogue,Economic Cooperation Organization,OIC andWTO. Trade volume between the two countries was 180 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 24/156 million USD).[388] Yunus Emre Institute has a local branch inKabul.	X
Australia	1967[389]	SeeAustralia–Turkey relations Australia has an embassy inAnkara and a Consulate General inIstanbul andÇanakkale.[389] Turkey has an embassy inCanberra and Consulate General inMelbourne andSydney.[389] Both countries are members ofG20,MIKTA,OECD andWTO.[389] Trade volume between the two countries was 1.66 billion USD in 2015 (Turkish exports/imports: 521.6/544.8 million USD).[390] 120,837Australian tourists visited Turkey in 2019. 150 thousand Turkish citizens reside in Australia.[389] Yunus Emre Institute has a local branch inMelbourne.	X
Bangladesh		SeeBangladesh–Turkey relations Bangladesh has an embassy inAnkara.[391] Turkey has an embassy inDhaka.[391] Both countries are members ofOIC.[391] Trade volume between the two countries was 934 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 427/509 million USD).[392]	X
Bhutan	26 September 2012[393]	Bhutan andTurkey cooperate through their respective embassies inNew Delhi.[394] Trade volume between the two countries was 1.58 million USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 0.1/1.48 million USD).[395]	X
Brunei Darussalam	27 June 1984[396]	SeeBrunei–Turkey relations Brunei Darussalam has an embassy inAnkara.[397] Turkey has an embassy inBandar Seri Begawan.[397] Both countries are members ofOIC. Trade volume between the two countries was 4.88 billion USD in 2015 (Turkish exports/imports: 4882/16 million USD).[398]	X
Cambodia	1959[399]	SeeCambodia–Turkey relations Cambodia has an embassy inAnkara. Turkey has an embassy inPhnom Penh. Trade volume between the two countries was 108.4 million USD in 2015 (Turkish exports/imports: 13.7/94.7 million USD).[400]	X
China	1971[401]	SeeChina–Turkey relations China has an embassy inAnkara and Consulate General inIstanbul andİzmir.[401] Turkey has an embassy inBeijing and Consulate General inGuangzhou,[402]Hong Kong[403] andShanghai[404] Both countries are members ofG20 andWTO. Trade volume between the two countries was 21.08 billion USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 2.58/18.49 billion USD).[405] 426,344 Chinese tourists visited Turkey in 2019.[405] There are direct flights fromIstanbul toBeijing,Chengdu,Guangzhou,Hong Kong andShanghai.[405]	X
Cook Islands	28 October 2008[406]	The Turkish ambassador inWellington toNew Zealand is also accredited to theCook Islands.[406] Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2019.[406]	X
East Timor	20 May 2002[407]	SeeEast Timor–Turkey relations The Turkish ambassador inJakarta toIndonesia is also accredited toEast Timor.[407] Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018.[407]	X
Fiji	17 December 1975[408]	The Turkish ambassador inWellington toNew Zealand is also accredited toFiji.[408] Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018.[408]	X
India	15 August 1947[68]	SeeIndia–Turkey relations India has an embassy inAnkara and a Consulate General inIstanbul. Turkey has an embassy inNew Delhi and Consulate General inHyderabad andMumbai.[68] Both countries are members ofG20 andWTO. Trade volume between the two countries was 7.80 billion USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 1.17/6.64 billion USD).[409] 230,131Indian tourists visited Turkey in 2019.	X
Indonesia	1950[410]	SeeIndonesia–Turkey relations Indonesia has an embassy inAnkara.[411] Turkey has an embassy inJakarta.[411] Both countries are members ofD-8,G20,MIKTA,OIC andWTO. Trade volume between the two countries was 1.85 billion USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 0.21/1.64 billion USD).[412] 127,149Indonesian tourists visited Turkey in 2019. 2,400 Indonesian citizens reside in Turkey.[411]	X
Japan	1890[413]	SeeJapan–Turkey relations Japan has an embassy inAnkara and a Consulate General inIstanbul. Turkey has an embassy inTokyo[414] and a Consulate General inNagoya.[415] Both countries are members ofG20,OECD andWTO. Trade volume between the two countries was 4.02 billion USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 0.5/3.52 billion USD).[416] 103,320Japanese tourists visited Turkey in 2019. Yunus Emre Institute has a local branch inTokyo.	X
Kiribati	2008[417]	The Turkish ambassador inCanberra toAustralia is also accredited toKiribati.[417] Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018.[417]	X
Laos	1958[418]	SeeLaos–Turkey relations The Embassy ofLaos inVienna is also accredited to Turkey.[418] Turkey has an embassy inVientiane.[418] Trade volume between the two countries was 2.92 billion USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 1.44/1.48 billion USD).[419]	X
Maldives	1979[420]	SeeMaldives–Turkey relations The Permanent Mission of theRepublic of Maldives to the United Nations Office inGeneva is also accredited to Turkey.[420] The Turkish ambassador inNew Delhi toIndia is also accredited to theMaldives.[420] Both countries are members ofOIC.[420] Trade volume between the two countries was 46.5 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 28.2/18.3 million USD).[421] There are direct flights fromIstanbul toMalé since 24 November 2012.	X
Malaysia	1964[422]	SeeMalaysia–Turkey relations Malaysia has an embassy inAnkara. Turkey has an embassy inKuala Lumpur. Both countries are members ofD-8,OIC andWTO. Trade volume between the two countries was 1.70 billion USD in 2015 (Turkish exports/imports: 0.36/1.34 billion USD).[423] 114,214Malaysian tourists visited Turkey in 2019. Yunus Emre Institute has a local branch inKuala Lumpur.	√
Marshall Islands	9 April 2008[424]	See Marshall Islands–Turkey relations Turkish ambassador inCanberra toAustralia is also accredited to theMarshall Islands.[424] Marshall Islands has an honorary consulate inIstanbul.[424] Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018.[424]	X
Micronesia	6 August 2007[425]	The Turkish ambassador inCanberra toAustralia is also accredited toMicronesia.[426] Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018.[426]	X
Mongolia	24 June 1969[427]	SeeMongolia–Turkey relations Mongolia has an embassy inAnkara. Turkey has an embassy inUlaanbaatar. Both countries are members ofAsia Cooperation Dialogue andWTO. Trade volume between the two countries was 39.7 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 39.2/0.5 million USD).[428]	X
Myanmar	1958[429]	SeeMyanmar–Turkey relations TheBurmese Embassy inCairo,Egypt is also accredited to Turkey.[429] Turkey has an embassy inYangon.[429] Trade volume between the two countries was 38.7 million USD in 2015 (Turkish exports/imports: 30.7/8 million USD).[430]	X
Nauru		The Turkish ambassador inCanberra toAustralia is also accredited toNauru.[431] Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018.[431]	X
New Zealand	12 December 1978[432]	SeeNew Zealand–Turkey relations New Zealand has an embassy inAnkara.[433] Turkey has an embassy inWellington.[433] Both countries are members ofOECD andWTO. Trade volume between the two countries was 152.8 million USD in 2015 (Turkish exports/imports: 90.1/62.7 million USD).[434] 20,912New Zealanders visited Turkey in 2019. 1,700 Turkish citizens reside in New Zealand.[433]	X
Niue	7 June 2014[435]	Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018.	X
North Korea	15 January 2001[436]	SeeNorth Korea–Turkey relations The Embassy ofNorth Korea inSofia is also accredited to Turkey.[436] The ambassador inSeoul toSouth Korea is also accredited toNorth Korea.[436] Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018.[436]	X
Pakistan	1947[437]	SeePakistan–Turkey relations Pakistan has an embassy inAnkara and a Consulate General inIstanbul. Turkey has an embassy inIslamabad[438] and Consulate General inKarachi[439] andLahore.[440] Both countries are members ofAsia Cooperation Dialogue,Economic Cooperation Organization,OIC andWTO. Trade volume between the two countries was 856 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 550/306 million USD).[441] 130,736Pakistani tourists visited Turkey in 2019. Yunus Emre Institute has local branches inKarachi andLahore.	X
Palau	10 May 2007[442]	Turkish ambassador inTokyo toJapan is also accredited toPalau.[442] Trade volume between the two countries was 3.7 million USD in 2014.[442]	X
Papua New Guinea	30 May 1979[443]	Papua New Guinea has an honorary consulate inIstanbul.[443] The Turkish ambassador inCanberra is also accredited toPapua New Guinea.[443] Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018.[443]	X
Philippines	13 June 1949[444]	SeePhilippines–Turkey relations Philippines has an embassy inAnkara.[444] Turkey has an embassy inManila.[444] Trade volume between the two countries was 219.7 million USD in 2015 (Turkish exports/imports: 104/115.7 million USD).[445] 139,126Filipino tourists visited Turkey in 2019. 2,200 Philippine nationals are residing in Turkey.[444] There are direct flights fromIstanbul toManila since March 2015.[444]	X
Samoa	12 April 1979[446]	SeeSamoa–Turkey relations The Turkish ambassador inWellington toNew Zealand is also accredited toSamoa.[446] Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018.[446]	X
Singapore	12 February 1969[447]	SeeSingapore–Turkey relations Singapore has an embassy inAnkara.[447] Turkey has an embassy inSingapore.[447] Trade volume between the two countries was 808 million USD in 2015 (Turkish exports/imports: 443/365 million USD).[448] 34,930Singaporean tourists visited Turkey in 2019. There are direct flights fromIstanbul toSingapore.[447]	√
Solomon Islands	8 March 1979[449]	SeeSolomon Islands–Turkey relations TheTurkish ambassador inCanberra toAustralia is also accredited toSolomon Islands since 8 March 1979.[449] Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018.	X
South Korea	11 August 1949[450]	SeeSouth Korea–Turkey relations South Korea has an embassy inAnkara.[450] Turkey has an embassy inSeoul.[450] Both countries are members ofG20,MIKTA,OECD andWTO. Trade volume between the two countries was 6.53 billion USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 0.88/5.64 billion USD).[451] 212,970 South Korean tourists visited Turkey in 2019.[451] Free Trade Agreement between the two countries entered into force on 1 May 2013 and was updated on 1 August 2018 to include an Investment Agreement.[451] Turkey ranks third in number of martyrs among the 16 countries that participated in theKorean War.United Nations Memorial Cemetery inBusan honors 462 of the 966 Turkish soldiers who died during the war. Yunus Emre Institute has a local branch inSeoul.	√
Sri Lanka	4 February 1948[452]	SeeSri Lanka–Turkey relations Sri Lanka has an embassy inAnkara.[452] Turkey has an embassy inColombo.[452] Trade volume between the two countries was 185.7 million USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 84.3/101.4 million USD).[453]	X
Taiwan	Started in 1934, Ended in 1971	SeeTaiwan–Turkey relations Diplomatic recognition was withdrawn in 1971 by the establishment of diplomatic relations between Turkey and China.	X
Tajikistan	29 January 1992[454]	SeeTajikistan–Turkey relations Tajikistan has an embassy inAnkara. Turkey has an embassy inDushanbe. Both countries are members ofAsia Cooperation Dialogue,Economic Cooperation Organization,OIC andWTO. Trade volume between the two countries was 274 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 143/131 million USD).[455] 44,155Tajik tourists visited Turkey in 2019.	X
Thailand	1958[456]	SeeThailand–Turkey relations Thailand has an embassy inAnkara.[456] Turkey has an embassy inBangkok.[456] Trade volume between the two countries was 1.34 billion USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 0.26/1.09 billion USD).[457] 62,192Thai tourists visited Turkey in 2019. Negotiations on a bilateral Free Trade Agreement (FTA) began in 2017.[456] There are direct flights fromIstanbul toBangkok andPhuket.[456]	X
Tonga	26 January 1976[458]	SeeTonga–Turkey relations TheTurkish ambassador inWellington toNew Zealand is also accredited toTonga since 26 January 1976.[458] Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018.[458]	X
Tuvalu	19 July 1979[459]	TheTurkish ambassador inWellington toNew Zealand is also accredited toTuvalu.[459] Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018.[459]	X
Vanuatu	10 April 1987[460]	Turkish ambassador inCanberra toAustralia is also accredited toVanuatu.[460] Vanuatu has an honorary consulate inIstanbul.[460] Trade volume between the two countries was 17.4 million USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 10.3/7.1 million USD).[460]	X
Vietnam	1978[461]	SeeTurkey–Vietnam relations Vietnam has an embassy inAnkara.[461] Turkey has an embassy inHanoi.[461] Trade volume between the two countries was 1.91 billion USD in 2015 (Turkish exports/imports: 0.16/1.76 billion USD).[462] There are direct flights fromIstanbul toHanoi andHo Chi Minh City since 27 June 2016.[461]	X