As the headquarters of theIntergovernmental Authority on Development regional body,Djibouti has been an active participant in the Somali peace process. It hosted theArta conference in 2000,^[106] as well as the 2008-2009 talks between theTransitional Federal Government and theAlliance for the Reliberation of Somalia, which led to the formation of a coalition government.^[107] In 2011, Djibouti joined theAfrican Union Mission to Somalia.^[108] Following the establishment of theFederal Government of Somalia in 2012,^[109] a Djibouti delegation also attended the inauguration ceremony of Somalia's new president.^[110]

Relations between the territories of present-dayEgypt and Somalia stretch back to antiquity.^[111] In the Middle Ages and early modern era, the variousSomali Sultanates also maintained close relations with their counterparts in Egypt.^[112]

During the ensuing colonial period, Egypt and Somalia kept close ties through the UN delegate to Somalia Kamal El Din Salah, who supported the territorial integrity of the Somali territories. Upon independence of the Somali Republic in 1960, Egypt was among the first nations to recognize the nascent country. It subsequently invested heavily in the education sector, withCairo'sAl-Azhar University leading scholastic andMuslim missions in Mogadishu, among other areas.^[111] In 1969, Somalia and Egypt were among the founding members of theOrganisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). Both nations are also members of theLeague of Arab States.

After the start of the civil war in Somalia in 1991, Egypt maintained diplomatic relations with the Transitional National Government and its successor the Transitional Federal Government, and supported their state-building initiatives. As part of the International Contact Group, the Egyptian authorities participated in various global summits in support of the Somali peace process, including the Khartoum Conference in 2006, the Djibouti Conference in 2008, and the Cairo Conference in 2010. It also organized diplomatic training for Somali government officials in conjunction with the Somali Institute for Diplomatic Studies.^[111]

The subsequent establishment of the Federal Government of Somalia in August 2012 was welcomed by the Egyptian authorities, who re-affirmed Egypt's continued support for Somalia's government, its territorial integrity and sovereignty.^[113]

Relations between the peoples of Somalia and Ethiopia stretch back to antiquity, to a common origin. The Ethiopian region is one of the proposed homelands of theHorn of Africa's variousAfro-Asiatic communities.^[114]

During the Middle Ages, SomaliImamAhmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi (Ahmad Gurey or Gragn) led aConquest of Abyssinia (Futuh al-Habash), which brought three-quarters of the ChristianEthiopian Empire under the power of theMuslimAdal Sultanate.^[115][116] With an army mainly composed ofSomalis,^[117] Many historians trace the origins of tensions between Somalia and Ethiopia to this war.^[118]

In the 1960s and 1970s, a territorial dispute over theOgaden region led to various armed confrontations between the Somali and Ethiopian militaries. The tensions culminated in theOgaden War, which saw the Somali army capture most of the disputed territory by September 1977, before finally being expelled by a coalition of communist forces.

With changes in leadership in the early 1990s brought on by the start of theSomali Civil War andEthiopian Civil War, respectively, relations between the Somali and Ethiopian authorities entered a new phase of military cooperation against theIslamic Courts Union (ICU) rebel group and its more radical successorAl-Shabaab. In October 2011, acoordinated multinational operation began against Al-Shabaab in southern Somalia; the Ethiopian military eventually joined theTransitional Federal Government-led mission the following month.^[119]

The Federal Government of Somalia was later established on August 20, 2012,^[109] representing the first permanent central government in the country since the start of the civil war.^[109] The following month,Hassan Sheikh Mohamud was elected as the new Somali government's first President, with the Ethiopian authorities welcoming his selection and newly appointed Prime Minister of EthiopiaHailemariam Desalegn attending Mohamud's inauguration ceremony.^[110]

Relations between Kenya and Somalia have historically been tense. Agitations over self-determination in the Somali-inhabitedNorthern Frontier District culminated in theShifta War during the 1960s.^[120] Although the conflict ended in a cease-fire, Somalis in the region still identify and maintain close ties with their kin in Somalia.^[121]

In October 2011, acoordinated operation between theSomali military and theKenyan military began against theAl-Shabaab group of insurgents in southern Somalia.^[122][123] The mission was officially led by the Somali army, with the Kenyan forces providing a support role.^[123] In early June 2012, Kenyan troops were formally integrated intoAMISOM.^[124]

• Brazil is accredited to Somalia from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya.^[125]
• Somalia does not have an accreditation to Brazil.

• Canada is accredited to Somalia from its high commission in Nairobi, Kenya.
• Somalia has a resident embassy inOttawa.

• Mexico is accredited to Somalia from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.^[126]
• Somalia does not have an accreditation to Mexico.

After the collapse of the Barre government and the start of the civil war in the early 1990s, the U.S. embassy in Mogadishu closed down. However, the American government never formally severed diplomatic ties with Somalia. The U.S. acknowledged and supported the internationally recognized, UN-backed Transitional Federal Government as the country's national governing body. It also engages Somalia's smaller regional administrations, such as Puntland and Somaliland, to ensure broad-based inclusion in the peace process.^[127]

As of 2011, the United States maintains a non-resident diplomatic mission for Somalia inNairobi. In addition, the Somalia embassy in the U.S. until recently had as its ambassador-designateOmar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke, the formerPrime Minister of Somalia.^[128][129]

TheFederal Government of Somalia was established on August 20, 2012, concurrent with the end of the TFG's interim mandate.^[109] It represents the first permanent central government in the country since the start of the civil war.^[109] On September 10, 2012, the newFederal Parliament also electedHassan Sheikh Mohamud as the incumbentPresident of Somalia.^[130] TheUnited States government subsequently released a press statement felicitating Mohamud on his victory, and promised to continue partnering with the Somali authorities.^[131]

In January 2013, the U.S. announced that it was set to exchange diplomatic notes with the new central government of Somalia, re-establishing official ties with the country for the first time in 20 years. According to theDepartment of State, the decision was made in recognition of the significant progress that the Somali authorities had achieved on both the political and war fronts. The move is expected to grant the Somali government access to new sources of development funds from American agencies as well as international bodies like theInternational Monetary Fund andWorld Bank, thereby facilitating the ongoing reconstruction process.^[132][133]

In June 2014, in what she described as a gesture of the deepening relations between Washington and Mogadishu and faith in Somalia's stabilization efforts, U.S. Undersecretary of StateWendy Sherman announced that the United States would soon name a new ambassador to Somalia.^[134] In February 2015, U.S. PresidentBarack Obama appointed Foreign Service veteranKatherine Simonds Dhanani as the new Ambassador of the United States to Somalia. She is the first official U.S. envoy to the country in over two decades.^[135]

• Armenia and Somalia established diplomatic relations on 28 June 2001.^[136]

Relations between the territories of present-day Somalia and China date back to antiquity, when communities in both regions engaged in commercial exchanges.

On 14 December 1960, formal ties between the Somali and Chinese governments were established.^[137] Somalia and China later signed their first official trade agreement in June 1963.^[138]

During theCold War period, the Somali government maintained active relations with its Chinese counterpart. The Somali authorities campaigned for an end to China's diplomatic isolation and supported instead its entry into theUnited Nations.^[139]

In January 1991, the Chinese embassy in Mogadishu closed down operations due to the start of the civil war in Somalia.^[140] Despite the departure of most Chinese officials, the two countries maintained a small trading relationship in the ensuing years. Total trade volume in 2002 wasUS$3.39 million, with Somalia exporting US$1.56 million of goods to China and importing $1.83 million.^[137]

From 2000 to 2011, approximately seven Chinese development projects were launched in Somalia.^[141] These initiatives included $6 million in economic assistance,^[142] donation of anti-malaria drugs,^[143] and $3 million in debt relief.^[144]

In July 2007, the Chinese state-owned oil companyCNOOC also signed anoil exploration agreement with the Somali government over the north-centralMudug province, situated in the autonomousPuntland region.^[145]

Following the establishment of the Federal Government of Somalia in mid-2012, the Chinese authorities reaffirmed their support for the Somali government and called on the international community to strengthen its commitment to the Somali peace process. China's Permanent Representative to the UN, Li Baodong, also emphasized his administration's support for the Somali federal government's stabilization plan, including the latter's efforts at "implementing aninterim Constitution, carrying out its six-point plan, strengthening institutional capacity, exercising government functions and extending effective authority over all its national territory."^[146]

In August 2013, follow a meeting with Chinese Vice PremierWang Yang, Somalia's Foreign Minister Fowziya Yusuf Haji Adan announced that the Somali authorities looked forward to cooperation with the Chinese government in the energy, infrastructure, national security and agriculture sectors, among others. Wang also praised the traditional friendship between both nations and re-affirmed China's commitment to the Somali peace process.^[147] In September 2013, both governments signed an official cooperation agreement in Mogadishu as part of a five-year national recovery plan in Somalia. The pact will see the Chinese authorities reconstruct several major infrastructural landmarks in the Somali capital and elsewhere, including the National Theatre, a hospital, and the Mogadishu Stadium, as well as the road betweenGalkayo andBurao in northern Somalia.^[148]

In October 2014, the Chinese government also officially re-opened its embassy in Mogadishu.^[149] In December 2014,Wei Hongtian presented his credentials to President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud as the newly appointed Chinese Ambassador to Somalia. He is the first such envoy after the reopening of the Chinese embassy in Mogadishu.^[150] Foreign Minister of Somalia Abdirahman Duale Beyle and Ambassador Wei subsequently held a joint press conference, wherein the officials pledged to further strengthen bilateral ties. As part of the local reconstruction process, Wei also indicated that the Chinese authorities were slated to implement various development projects in Somalia.^[151]

Prior to 1991 and the start of the civil war, the Somali authorities maintained bilateral relations with the government ofJapan. The Japanese administration subsequently pledged development funds through various international organizations. With the formation of the Federal Government of Somalia in 2012, the Japanese government re-established formal diplomatic ties with the Somali authorities. In 2013, Japanese Prime MinisterShinzō Abe also announced that Japan would resume direct assistance to Somalia, particularly in the areas of security, industrial development, and bilateral trade and investment.^[152]

In January 2014, Japan appointed Tatsushi Terada as the new Japanese Ambassador to Somalia,^[153] replacing Atoshisa Takata.^[154] Ambassador Terada concurrently presented his credentials to the Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud at a ceremony in Mogadishu.^[153]

Diplomatic relations between the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (commonly known asNorth Korea) and Somalia were formally established on 13 April 1967. This late-1950s to 1960s period was when North Korea had first declared autonomous diplomacy.^[155]

During theSomali Democratic Republic, relations with North Korea were close, due to shared ideals and geopolitical interests. Both countries formally adhered toanti-imperialism andMarxism–Leninism, and were aligned with theSoviet Union in the context of the widerCold War. TheSupreme Revolutionary Council established relations with the DPRK in 1970.^[156]

Over the following years, military cooperation intensified, with North Korea training and equipping theSomali Armed Forces. Additionally, due to a resentment against Ethiopia over the country's involvement in theKorean War, North Korean advisers trained pro-Somalia guerrilla forces active in the Ethiopian–Somali conflict.^[156] This changed considerably after the communistDerg came to power in 1974, causing an eventual realignment of Soviet support towards Ethiopia. North Korea followed suit, and provided military aid to Ethiopia against Somalia during theOgaden War.^[157][158]

As of March 2014, North Korea and Somalia still officially maintain diplomatic relations according to the National Committee on North Korea.^[155]

Relations between the modern-day territories of Somalia andPakistan stretch back to antiquity.^[159] In 1969, Somalia and Pakistan were among the founding members of theOrganisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). Somalia's relations with Pakistan remained strong in the following years and through the ensuing civil period, when Pakistan contributed to the UN peacekeeping operation in southern Somalia.^[159]

Following the establishment of the Federal Government of Somalia in 2012, the Pakistani authorities welcomed the new administration, and re-affirmed Pakistan's continued support for Somalia's government, its territorial integrity and sovereignty.^[159] Additionally, Somalia maintains an embassy inIslamabad.^[160]

The State of Qatar and the Republic of Somalia maintain good relations. In March 2015, Prime Minister Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke led talks with the Prime Minister of Qatar,Abdullah bin Nasser bin Khalifa Al Thani. The gathering focused on strengthening investment, commerce and governance ties between both territories, with an emphasis on stabilization initiatives. It concluded with a signed cooperative agreement in the civil aviation and education sectors. According to Sharmarke, the treaty aims to accelerate the ongoing reconstruction and development process in Somalia and to buttress local job creation. Among the agreement's stipulations,Qatar Airways is scheduled to begin making flights to theAden Adde International Airport in Mogadishu.^[161][162]

Somalia maintains an embassy in Qatar, with the diplomatic mission led by Ambassador Omar Idris.^[163] Qatar also has an embassy in Mogadishu, led by AmbassadorMr. Hasan Bin Hamza Asad Mohammed.^[163]

Saudi Arabia had no diplomatic or consular representation in Somalia since Somalia's central government broke down in 1991. Diplomatic ties were not severed though, and on 18 January 2017 Saudi Arabia's first ambassador to Somalia since the 1990s, Dr Mohamed Abdi-kani Al-Khayat presented his credentials to President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud in Mogadishu. During the ceremony the Ambassador informed that Saudi Arabia would support building the Somali Army, establish a rehabilitation center for defected militias fromAl-Shabaab and for refugees returning home.^[164]
In recent years bilateral relations between the two countries centered around a number of issues: the position of Somali migrants in Saudi Arabia, the position of Shia Islam in Somalia, and the export of Somali livestock. In 2014 Saudi Arabia arrested some 41.000 Somali migrants and held them in detention centers in substandard conditions before deporting them to Mogadishu. Despite being one of the richest countries, Saudi Arabia left payment for assisting these deportees to the international community that had to issue emergency appeals to donors.^[165][166] The harsh mass expulsions led to an outcry from human rights organisations.^[167]

In January 2016, Somalia received a pledge of aid for $50 million from Saudi Arabia on the very same day it announced it was cutting ties with Saudi's Shiite rival Iran, by expelling Iranian diplomats and closing an Iranian charity in Mogadishu -the Iman Khomeini Foundation- for "conducting activities beyond its mandate bent on compromising the country's national security". The Somali government denied there was a link between its decision to break ties with Iran and Saudi Arabia's financial support, while the Saudi Foreign Ministry refused to comment.^[168][169]

In November 2021, Somalia and Saudi Arabia met in the Palace Of Nations in Geneva, Switzerland to settle on the issue of illegal fishing by Saudi Fisherman in the Gulf of Aden region. During the talks, Somali Prime Minister Mohamed Hussein Roble criticized the Saudi Government for not enforcing their maritime border laws that was previously agreed with Somalia in 1967, calling them "backstabbing and deceitful Bedouins". this caused the Saudi Government to sanction him for the entirety of the talks, and for the Parliament of Somalia to censure him for two months.

South Korea officially recognizes and maintains diplomatic ties with the Federal Government of Somalia. In May 2013, Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud accepted the credentials of the new South Korean Ambassador to Mogadishu, Kim Chan-Woo, the first diplomatic representative of an Asian Pacific country to work in Somalia in many years. Chan-Woo also announced that South Korea would re-open its embassy in the Somali capital.^[170] Additionally, the Ambassador indicated that his administration would support the Somali government's ongoing reconstruction efforts, in the process making use of South Korea's own experience in post-conflict rehabilitation and development gained from theKorean War. He also asserted that his administration would once again launch agricultural and technical projects in Somalia, as the South Korean authorities had done in the past.^[171]

Relations date back to the Middle Ages and the ties between theAdal Sultanate and theOttoman Empire. Prior to the breakout of the civil war in Somalia in 1991, Turkey maintained an embassy inMogadishu. It later discontinued operations due to security reasons.^[172] In 2011, the Turkish government announced that it would reopen its embassy in Somalia.^[173] The Somali federal government also maintains an embassy inAnkara, Turkey's capital.^[174]

During thedrought of 2011, Turkey contributed over $201 million to the humanitarian relief efforts in the impacted parts of Somalia.^[175] Following a greatly improved security situation in Mogadishu in mid-2011, the Turkish government also re-opened its foreign embassy with the intention of more effectively assisting in the post-conflict development process.^[176] It was among the first foreign administrations to resume formal diplomatic relations with Somalia after the civil war.^[177]

Additionally,Turkish Airlines became the first long-distance international commercial airline in two decades to land at Mogadishu'sAden Adde International Airport.^[177] As of March 2012, the flag carrier offers two flights a week from the Somali capital toIstanbul.^[177]

In partnership with the Somali government, Turkish officials have also launched various development and infrastructure projects in Somalia. They have assisted in the building of several hospitals, and helped renovate and rehabilitate the Aden Adde International Airport and the National Assembly building, among other initiatives.^[177]

In December 2024, Turkey successfully mediated a historic agreement between Somalia and Ethiopia, resolving longstanding tensions over Somaliland's sovereignty and Ethiopia's access to theRed Sea. This diplomatic achievement underscores Turkey's growing influence in theHorn of Africa, as it continues to strengthen political and economic ties with both nations.^[178]

Relations between the territories of present-day Somalia and the United Arab Emirates stretch back to antiquity.^[179] During the Middle Ages and early modern period, the variousSomali Sultanates also maintained close relations with other kingdoms across theRed Sea.

In 1969, Somalia and the United Arab Emirates were among the founding members of theOrganisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). Both nations are also members of theLeague of Arab States.After the start of the civil war in Somalia in 1991, the UAE maintained diplomatic relations with the Somali Transitional National Government and its successor the Transitional Federal Government, and supported their government initiatives.^[180] The UAE has also officially supported thePuntland Maritime Police Force since the military body's formation in 2010.^[181]

The subsequent establishment of the Federal Government of Somalia in August 2012 was welcomed by the Emirati authorities, who re-affirmed the UAE's continued support for Somalia's government, its territorial integrity and sovereignty.^[113]

In March 2014, Prime Minister of SomaliaAbdiweli Sheikh Ahmed began an official three-day visit to the United Arab Emirates to discuss strengthening bilateral cooperation between the two nations. During talks with UAE Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Presidential affairs SheikhMansour bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, the Emirati authorities emphasized their commitment to the ongoing post-conflict reconstruction process in Somalia. They also pledged to assist in capacity building and the rehabilitation of government institutions.^[182]

Although relations between the modern-day territories of Somalia andYemen stretch back to antiquity, the two countries formally established diplomatic ties on December 18, 1960. Both nations are also members of theArab League.

Following the outbreak of the civil war in Somalia in the 1990s, the Yemeni authorities maintained relations with Somalia's newly establishedTransitional National Government and its successor theTransitional Federal Government.^[183] The subsequent establishment of the Federal Government of Somalia in August 2012 was also welcomed by the Yemeni authorities, who re-affirmed Yemen's continued support for Somalia's government, its territorial integrity and sovereignty.^[113]

Additionally, Somalia maintains an embassy in Yemen, with the diplomatic mission led by Ambassador Ismail Qassim Naji.^[184] Yemen also has an embassy in Mogadishu.^[185]

Diplomatic relations between Somalia andDenmark were established on 9 July 1960, shortly after the Somali Republic's independence.^[186]

During theSiad Barre administration, Somalia and Denmark strengthened cooperation. The Danish International Development Agency agreed to provide a $1.4 million loan toward the development of Somalia's northern fisheries industry.^[187] Additionally, the Somali and Danish foreign ministries signed a loan agreement in 1981, wherein 45 million DKK (US$8,284,410.00) was issued to Somalia to finance imports of Danish capital goods, as well as local cost expenditures and purchases of Danish capital equipment and services.^[188]

In September 1992, Danish Foreign MinisterUffe Ellemann Jensen and other senior officials visited southern Somalia, one of the first foreign delegations to do so since the start of the civil war the year before.^[189] Although the Danish embassy inMogadishu closed down operations, the Danish authorities in the ensuing years maintained relations with Somalia's newly established Transitional National Government and its successor the Transitional Federal Government.

The subsequent establishment of the Federal Government of Somalia in August 2012 was welcomed by the Danish authorities, who re-affirmed Denmark's continued support for Somalia's government, its territorial integrity and sovereignty.^[113] In December 2013, theDanish government appointed Geert Aagaard Andersen as the new Danish Ambassador to Somalia, the first in twenty years. Andersen presented his credentials to Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud at a ceremony in Mogadishu.^[190]

Bilateral relations between France and Somalia were established shortly after Somalia's independence. The French government opened an embassy in Mogadishu, and its Somali counterpart likewise maintained an embassy inParis. The French embassy later closed down operations in June 1993, shortly after the start of the civil war in Somalia. In the ensuing years, France maintained diplomatic relations with the Somali Transitional National Government and its successor the Transitional Federal Government. It also supported local peace initiatives by the European Union and international community.^[191]

The subsequent establishment of the Federal Government of Somalia in August 2012 was welcomed by the French authorities, who re-affirmed France's continued support for Somalia's government, its territorial integrity and sovereignty.^[113]

The French Republic is currently represented in Somalia by Ambassador Aline Kuster-Ménager, who presented her credentials to President Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed in Octobre 2018.^[192]

Diplomatic relations between Somalia andGermany were established on 1 July 1960, shortly after the Somali Republic's independence.^[193] After a pause due to theSomali Civil War, relations where reestablished in 2012. Germany provides development aid to Somalia and both countries have established a security partnership.^[194]

• Greece represented in Somalia via parallel accreditation of its embassy inKhartoum,Sudan.^[195]

In terms of administration, Italy first gained a foothold in Somalia through the signing of various pacts and agreements in the late 19th century with the ruling SomaliMajeerteen Sultanate andSultanate of Hobyo, led by KingOsman Mahamuud and SultanYusuf Ali Kenadid, respectively.^[196][197] In 1936, the acquired territory, dubbedItalian Somaliland, was integrated intoAfrica Orientale Italiana as part of the Italian Empire. This would last until 1941, duringWorld War II. Italian Somaliland then came under British administration until 1949, when it became aUnited Nations trusteeship, theTrust Territory of Somalia, under Italian administration. On July 1, 1960, the Trust Territory of Somalia united as scheduled with the briefly extantState of Somaliland (the formerBritish Somaliland) to form theSomali Republic.^[198][199]

Although mostItalian Somalis left the territory after independence, Somalia's relations with Italy remained strong in the following years and through the ensuing civil war period. The Federal Government of Somalia was later established on August 20, 2012.^[109] Italian Foreign MinisterGiulio Terzi welcomed the new administration, and re-affirmed Italy's continued support for the Somali authorities.^[200]

Somaliia establisheddiplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 7 July 1960.^[2]

• Somalia does not maintain an embassy in London.
• The United Kingdom is accredited to Somalia through itsembassy inMogadishu.^[201]

The UK governedSomaliland from 1884–1940 and 1941–1960,Somaliland achieved full independence on 26 June 1960. The UK also administered the remaining territory of modernSomalia from 1941–1950, until it became an ItalianTrust Territory. Both of these territories unified on the 1 July 1960 to become Somalia.

Both countries share common membership of theUnited Nations. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,^[202] and a Strategic Partnership.^[203]Somalia–United Kingdom relations date back to the 19th century. In 1884, Britain established theBritish Somaliland protectorate in present-day northern Somalia after signing successive treaties with the then rulingSomaliSultans, such asMohamoud Ali Shire of the Warsangali Sultanate.^[204] In 1900, the emir of Darawiish monarchDiiriye Guure, namelySayyidMohammed Abdullah Hassan ("Mad Mullah") and theirDervish forces began a twenty-year resistance movement against British troops. Thismilitary campaign eventually came to an end in 1920, after Britainaerially bombarded the Dervish capital ofTaleh.

After the collapse of the Somali central government and the start of the civil war in 1991, the UK embassy in Mogadishu closed down.^[205] However, the British government never formally severed diplomatic ties with Somalia. Britain acknowledged and supported the internationally recognizedTransitional Federal Government (TFG) as the country's national governing body. It also engaged Somalia's smaller regional administrations, such asPuntland andSomaliland, to ensure broad-based inclusion in the peace process. In 2012, the British authorities additionally organized theLondon Conference on Somalia to coordinate the international community's support for the interim Somali government.

Following the establishment of the Federal Government of Somalia in mid-2012, British Prime MinisterDavid Cameron welcomed the new administration and re-affirmed Britain's continued support for the Somali authorities.^[206] On 25 April 2013, the UK also became the first Western country to re-open its embassy in Somalia, with BritishFirst Secretary of StateWilliam Hague attending the opening ceremony.^[205] Harriet Mathews was appointedBritish Ambassador to Somalia in 2015,^[207] and as of January 2017 has since been replaced by David Concar.^[208]