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Foreign relations of Rwanda

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Judiciary

Rwanda has diplomatic relations with most members of theUnited Nations and with theHoly See.

Accepting refugees

[edit]

Rwanda has accepted tens of thousands of refugees from neighboring African countries likeBurundi, theDemocratic Republic of Congo,Eritrea,Somalia andSouth Sudan.[1] It has also accepted hundreds of African refugees from Israel and Afghan schoolgirls.[1]

As of 2015, Rwanda hosted 75,000 Burundian refugees according to UNHCR. When credible reports surfaced that Rwanda recruited and trained Burundi refugees including children to remove Burundian President Nkurunziza, Rwanda announced to relocate Burundian refugees to third countries.[2]

Since September 2019, Rwanda has also taken in Libyan refugees and asylum-seekers, operating a refugee center atGashora, Rwanda, which houses up to 700 refugees from eight African countries (Eritrea, Sudan, South Sudan, Somalia, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Chad and Cameroon) and is financed by UNHCR until 31 December 2023.[3]

In 2021 Denmark signed a deal to establish an asylum center in Kigali, and since April 2022, the UK has sought to shift its asylum responsibilities, considering Rwanda a safe third country by offering 120 million pounds in economic development programs in return for accepting refugees.[1]

Diplomatic relations

[edit]

List of countries which Rwanda maintains diplomatic relations with:

#CountryDate[4]
1France1 July 1962[5]
2Israel1 July 1962[6]
3Japan1 July 1962[7]
4United Kingdom1 July 1962[8]
5United States1 July 1962[9]
—Belgium (suspended)[10]18 July 1962[11]
6PakistanJuly 1962[12]
7Uganda18 December 1962[13]
8Germany13 February 1963[14]
9South Korea21 March 1963[15]
10Denmark2 April 1963[16]
11Russia17 October 1963[17]
12  Switzerland12 November 1963[18]
—Holy See6 June 1964[19]
13Netherlands1 October 1964[20]
14Luxembourg27 October 1964[21]
15Sweden1964[22]
16Tanzania7 January 1965[23]
17Colombia22 February 1965[24]
18Italy5 May 1965[25]
19Kenya11 June 1965[26]
20Poland10 July 1965[27]
21Romania15 July 1965[28]
22Czech Republic24 July 1965[29]
23Austria14 September 1965[30][31]
24Canada23 November 1965[32]
25Ghana1965[33]
—Democratic Republic of the Congo (suspended)[34]August 1966[35]
26Ethiopia26 October 1966[36]
27Spain16 June 1967[37]
28Guinea28 June 1967[38]
29India1967[39]
30BurundiApril 1969[40]
31Norway30 January 1971[41]
32Senegal9 February 1971[42]
33Egypt10 February 1971[43]
34Syria10 February 1971[43]
35Serbia15 June 1971[44]
36China12 November 1971[45]
37Tunisia1971[46]
38North Korea22 April 1972[47]
39Nigeria10 June 1972[48][49]
40Hungary31 July 1972[50]
41Chad9 December 1972[51]
42ZambiaJanuary 1973[52]
43Greece1 February 1973[53]
44Cameroon11 March 1974[54]
45Ivory Coast15 March 1974[55]
46Libya10 May 1974[56]
47Argentina8 January 1975[57]
48Burkina Faso26 November 1975[58]
49Vietnam30 September 1975[59]
50Algeria25 November 1975[60]
51Niger1975[61]
52Mexico21 January 1976[62]
53Portugal12 February 1976[63]
54Mozambique17 April 1976[64]
55Gabon1976[65]
56Cuba6 September 1979[66]
57Bulgaria20 December 1979[67]
58Turkey18 February 1980[68]
59Djibouti3 April 1980[69]
60Brazil20 January 1981[70]
61Venezuela18 August 1981[71]
62Republic of the Congo17 August 1982[72]
63Philippines15 December 1982[73]
64Finland1 June 1983[74]
65Lesotho1983[75]
66Bangladesh13 January 1984[76]
67Indonesia16 January 1984[77]
68Benin8 March 1985[78]
69Mauritania27 April 1985[79]
70IranOctober 1985[80]
71Mali6 January 1987[81]
72Thailand30 October 1987[82]
73Angola20 December 1988[83]
74Cyprus31 March 1990[84]
75Namibia21 December 1990[85]
76Chile20 September 1991[86]
77Slovakia1 January 1993[87]
78Ukraine8 September 1993[88]
79South Africa6 May 1995[89]
80United Arab Emirates1995[90]
81North Macedonia18 April 1996[91]
82IrelandApril 1997[92][93]
83Bahrain2 March 1998[94]
84OmanMarch 1998[95]
85Jamaica6 November 1998
86Zimbabwe7 October 1999[96]
87Costa Rica8 March 2001
88Mauritius16 March 2001
89Malawi26 June 2001[97]
90Belarus25 February 2002
91Sudan15 October 2003[98]
92Armenia29 March 2004
93Iceland12 May 2004
94Azerbaijan28 May 2004
95BotswanaSeptember 2004[99]
96Singapore18 March 2005[100]
97Malaysia1 August 2005[101][102]
98Cambodia29 September 2005[103]
99Estonia14 March 2006[104]
100Slovenia8 December 2006
101Seychelles2006[105]
102Latvia10 April 2007[106]
103Australia9 May 2007[107]
104Morocco21 June 2007[108]
105Uruguay16 June 2009
106Laos31 August 2009[109]
107Equatorial Guinea29 July 2010[110]
108Georgia23 March 2011
109Sri Lanka20 April 2011[111]
110New Zealand17 April 2012[112]
111Kazakhstan10 May 2012[113]
112Somalia18 October 2012[114]
113Lithuania27 March 2013
114Montenegro12 April 2013
115Kuwait19 September 2013[115]
116Bosnia and Herzegovina17 October 2013
117South Sudan21 October 2013[116]
118Mongolia25 November 2013
119Sierra Leone29 November 2013[117]
120Monaco10 April 2014[118]
121Gambia15 July 2014[119]
122Eswatini30 August 2014[120]
123Barbados28 July 2015[121]
124Central African Republic8 July 2016[122]
125Liechtenstein11 November 2016[123]
126São Tomé and Príncipe11 January 2017[124]
127Togo17 January 2017[125]
128Eritrea18 April 2017[126]
129Lebanon21 April 2017[127][128]
130Cape Verde4 May 2017[129]
131Qatar4 May 2017
132Liberia16 May 2017[130]
133Jordan4 June 2017[131]
134Peru7 December 2017[132]
135Madagascar17 January 2018[133]
136Croatia15 February 2018
137Saudi Arabia29 March 2018
138Malta12 July 2018
139   Nepal20 July 2018
140Tajikistan30 July 2018
141Haiti15 August 2018
142Vanuatu3 October 2018[134]
143Andorra14 November 2018
144Saint Kitts and Nevis15 February 2019[135]
145Saint Lucia28 August 2019
146Maldives6 September 2019
147Suriname14 October 2019
148Ecuador17 October 2019
149Nicaragua8 November 2019[136]
150Antigua and Barbuda10 December 2019
151Belize22 January 2020
152Brunei9 December 2020
153Grenada3 March 2021
154Dominica15 April 2021
155Guinea-Bissau27 April 2021[137]
156Bolivia21 September 2021[138]
157Saint Vincent and the Grenadines9 November 2021
158Trinidad and Tobago26 May 2022
159Bahamas16 June 2022
160Guyana24 August 2022
161Dominican Republic23 September 2022
162Kyrgyzstan13 December 2022
163Tonga21 March 2023
164Paraguay18 April 2023
165El Salvador18 September 2023
166Panama18 September 2023
167Moldova25 January 2024
168Solomon Islands23 September 2024
169Guatemala24 September 2024
170Marshall Islands25 September 2024
171Samoa23 October 2024
172Comoros5 July 2025[139]
173Turkmenistan14 July 2025
—Sahrawi Arab Democratic RepublicUnknown

Bilateral relations

[edit]
Embassy of Rwanda inWashington, D.C.

Several west European and African nations,Canada,People's Republic of China,Egypt,Libya,Russia, theHoly See, and theEuropean Union maintain diplomatic missions in Kigali.[140]

CountryNotes
AustraliaBoth countries established diplomatic relations in 2007[141]
  • Rwanda is accredited to Australia through its High Commission inSingapore, Rwanda also has an Honorary Consul based inMelbourne.[142]
  • Australia is represented in Rwanda through its High Commission in Nairobi, Kenya.
BangladeshSeeBangladesh-Rwanda relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 January 1984[143]In 1994 Bangladesh provided roughly 900 peace-keeping troops, including soldiers and medical personnel, to Rwanda to aid in keeping the peace during theRwandan genocide, one ofmore than 40 countries to do so.[144]

BelgiumSeeBelgium-Rwanda relations

Belgium was the colonial power, administering theLeague of Nationsmandate in Ruanda Urundi from 1922 until their independence in 1962. SeeRuanda-Urundi.

During the1994 Genocide, 10 Belgian Peacekeepers were murdered while trying to protect then-Prime MinisterAgathe Uwilingiyimana.[145]

Burundi

Burundi and Rwanda have always had diplomatic relations as the two were very closed linked kingdoms and their political relations can date back to the year 1091, when theKingdom of Rwanda was founded, the two kingdoms always had close relationships and even political alliances between the two monarchies. In the modern era, the two states dispute sections of border on theAkanyaru and theKagera/Nyabarongo rivers, which have changed course since the 1960s, when the boundary was delimited; cross-border conflicts amongTutsi,Hutu, other ethnic groups, associated political rebels, armed gangs, and various government forces persist in the Great Lakes region.

  • Burundi has an embassy in Kigali.
  • Rwanda has an embassy inBujumbura.
ChinaSeeChina–Rwanda relations

China and Rwanda established diplomatic relations on 12 November 1971.[148]

  • China has an embassy in Kigali.
  • Rwanda has an embassy inBeijing.
Democratic Republic of the Congo

In 1996, Rwandan forcesinvadedDemocratic Republic of the Congo (then Zaire), leading to the replacement of the Congolese president,Mobutu Sese Seko withLaurent-Désiré Kabila. In 1998, Rwanda, along withUganda,invaded DRC to back rebels trying to overthrow Kabila. After theLusaka Ceasefire Agreement of 1999, Rwandan troops pulled back.

On 6 August 2009, Rwandan President Paul Kagame met with the Democratic Republic of the Congo's President Joseph Kabila inGoma.[149] It was the first presidential meeting between the two countries for 13 years.[150][149] The presidents "reviewed all issues of common interest",[149] with Kabila referred to it as "the first giant step forward" in an "all new era".[150] One month previous to the meeting both countries had appointed ambassadors to each other's capitals.[149][150]

Since the 2010s, the DRC has accused Rwanda of supporting theM23 movement in the Kivu region, which Rwanda denies. In January 2025, the DRC severed diplomatic ties with Rwanda amidst theM23 campaign and ongoingDemocratic Republic of the Congo–Rwanda conflict.

France

SeeFrance–Rwanda relations

As a result of French complicity before, during and after the genocide, with the genocidaires (that is, those who committed the genocide),[151] Rwanda cut off relations with France at the end of the war, and replaced French with English as an official language. Relations were resumed in November 2009.Nicolas Sarkozy visitedKigali in February 2010.[152]

in 2016, A French court ordered the re-opening of the case investigating the fatal plane crash that killed Rwandan presidentJuvénal Habyarimana in 1994.[153] The move angered administration in Ghana. The National Commission for the Fight Against Genocide (CNLG) issued the names of French military 22 officers[154] requested for depositions. The officers were station in France during the 1994Turquoise safe zone operation.

GermanySeeGermany–Rwanda relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 February 1963[155]

IndiaSeeIndia–Rwanda relations
  • India is represented in Rwanda through its High Commission in Kigali.[156]
  • Rwanda has its embassy inNew Delhi.[157]
IsraelSeeIsrael-Rwanda relations

In 1962, Israel was the second country to recognize Rwanda's independence.In 1973 the relations were severed and restored in October 1994 after the Rwandan genocide.

  • Israel has an embassy in Kigali from 2019.
  • Rwanda has an embassy in Tel Aviv from 2015.
Japan
KenyaBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 11 June 1965[161]

SeeKenya-Rwanda Relations

MexicoBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 21 January 1976[164]
  • Mexico is accredited to Rwanda from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya and maintains an honorary consulate in Kigali.[165]
  • Rwanda is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.[166]
NetherlandsThe Embassy of the Republic of Rwanda was established in the Kingdom of the Netherlands in The Hague on the 1st of November 2006[167]
North KoreaSeeNorth Korea–Rwanda relations
SingaporeThe High Commission of the Republic of Rwanda in Singapore was officially opened in 2008[168]
  • Singapore is accredited to Rwanda through a non-resident high commissioner based in Singapore.
  • Rwanda has a high commission in Singapore.
South Korea22 August 1972 opened Embassy Republic of Korea in Rwanda, but closed 31 May 1975, reopened 11 September 1987, the embassy was closed again 30 November 1990 and reopened 30 December 2011. Rwanda opened its embassy in Seoul 30 March 2009[169]
  • Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Republic of Korea (South Korea) and the Republic of Rwanda is 21 March 1963.[170]
SpainSeeRwanda–Spain relations
  • Rwanda is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris, France.
  • Spain is accredited to Rwanda from its embassy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
TanzaniaSeeRwanda-Tanzania relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 January 1965 when accredited first Ambassador of Rwanda to Tanzania (resident in Kampala) Mr. Musabyimana Malachie[23]

TurkeySeeRwanda–Turkey relations
  • Rwanda has an embassy inAnkara.[171]
  • Turkey has an embassy inKigali.[171]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was 32.4 million USD in 2019 (Rwandan exports/imports: 0.2/32.2 million USD).[171]
United Arab EmiratesUAE Embassy in Kigali opened its temporary premises in March 2018 and was relocated to its current premises in April 2019[172]
  • Rwanda has an embassy in the UAE
  • Trade volume stood at $434.8 million in 2018[173]
United KingdomSeeRwanda–United Kingdom relations

Rwanda establisheddiplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 1 July 1962.[8][failed verification]

Both countries share common membership of theCommonwealth, and theWorld Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership.[176]

United StatesSeeRwanda–United States relations
  • Rwanda has an embassy inWashington, D.C.
  • the United States has an embassy in Kigali.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Public Domain This article incorporatespublic domain material fromU.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets.United States Department of State.[177]

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