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Foreign relations of Romania

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Romanian presidentKlaus Iohannis with American presidentJoe Biden, 7 May 2024
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Theforeign relations of Romania is the policy arm of thegovernment of Romania which guides its interactions with other nations, their citizens, and foreign organizations, as well as its status as a member of theEuropean Union (EU), theNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and other key international organizations. Since the end of theCold War and the1989 Romanian Revolution, Romania has pursued a foreign policy centered onEuro-Atlantic integration, joining NATO in 2004 and the EU in 2007. Prioritizingmultilateralism,collective security, anddemocratic values, Romania maintains activediplomatic relations with neighboring states, includingUkraine,Moldova,Hungary, andBulgaria, while fostering regional cooperation through initiatives such as theBlack Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) and theThree Seas Initiative.

Romania is classified byscholars and international relations experts as amiddle power,[1][2] a designation reflecting its moderate but influential role ininternational relations[3] andregional relations. Analysts highlight Romania'sstrategic geographic position,[4] growing economic capacity, and active participation in multilateral institutions as key factors underpinning this status.[5][6]

Diplomatic relations

[edit]

List of countries which Romania maintains diplomatic relations with:[7]

#CountryDate
1Russia24 October 1878
2Serbia26 April 1879
3Bulgaria27 July 1879
4Italy26 December 1879
5Greece9 January 1880
6Netherlands12 February 1880
7France20 February 1880
8United Kingdom20 February 1880
9Belgium29 March 1880
10United States14 June 1880
11Spain5 July 1881
12Japan18 June 1902
13Iran24 July 1902
14Egypt1 April 1906
15Luxembourg5 December 1910[8]
16  Switzerland9 May 1911
17Albania28 December 1913
18Sweden18 March 1916
19Denmark26 April 1917
20Norway3 May 1917
21Portugal25 August 1917
22Czech Republic1 September 1919[9]
23Poland22 June 1919[10]
24Finland28 June 1920
25Austria27 August 1920
26Hungary21 August 1920
27Turkey20 April 1924[11]
28Chile5 February 1925
29Cuba13 April 1927
—Holy See10 May 1927
30Brazil7 January 1928
31Argentina12 March 1928
—Sovereign Military Order of MaltaDecember 1932
32Uruguay24 July 1935
33Mexico26 July 1935
34Venezuela30 December 1935
35Peru10 October 1939
36Israel11 June 1948
37North Korea26 October 1948
38India14 December 1948
39China5 October 1949
40Vietnam3 February 1950
41Indonesia20 February 1950
42Mongolia29 April 1950
43Syria9 August 1955
44Sudan17 January 1956
45Myanmar15 March 1956
46Iceland16 May 1956
47Ethiopia2 July 1957
48Sri Lanka15 September 1957
49Yemen17 December 1957
50Afghanistan5 June 1958
51Iraq14 August 1958
52Guinea14 November 1958
53Cyprus13 November 1960
54Mali1 December 1960
55Ghana10 August 1961
56Morocco20 February 1962[12]
57Algeria16 April 1962
58Benin29 June 1962
59Laos28 November 1962
60Cambodia10 January 1963
61Kuwait10 June 1963
62Tunisia16 December 1963
63Sierra Leone15 January 1964
64Tanzania5 May 1964
65Pakistan15 October 1964
66Lebanon6 January 1965
67Mauritania15 January 1965
68Jordan2 April 1965
69Somalia10 July 1965
70Rwanda15 July 1965
71Senegal5 November 1965
72Republic of the Congo21 August 1966
73Democratic Republic of the Congo14 October 1966
74Nigeria12 November 1966
75Germany31 January 1967[13]
76Canada4 April 1967
77Ivory Coast18 May 1967
78Singapore30 May 1967
79Colombia15 November 1967
80Central African Republic6 February 1968
81Australia18 March 1968
82Burkina Faso13 April 1968
83   Nepal20 April 1968
84Zambia28 May 1968
85Malta7 June 1968
86Kenya22 June 1968
87Burundi8 August 1968
88Madagascar10 September 1968
89Ecuador12 November 1968
90Malaysia22 March 1969
91Uganda27 April 1969
92Niger20 June 1969
93Chad15 July 1969
94New Zealand13 October 1969
95Bolivia18 October 1969
96Cameroon14 May 1970
97Costa Rica4 July 1970
98Togo12 January 1971
99Gambia30 July 1971
100Panama5 October 1971
101Botswana7 October 1971
102Philippines28 February 1972
103Equatorial Guinea9 March 1972
104Liberia30 April 1972
105Bangladesh29 June 1972
106Gabon21 September 1972
107Trinidad and Tobago25 November 1972
108Thailand1 June 1973
109Guyana20 June 1973
110Honduras11 July 1973
111Guinea-Bissau16 November 1973
112Libya14 February 1974
113Oman1 May 1974
114Mauritius25 June 1974
115Jamaica21 August 1974
116Grenada3 April 1975
117Lesotho1 May 1975
118Mozambique25 June 1975
119São Tomé and Príncipe12 July 1975
120Fiji15 August 1975
121Cape Verde17 September 1975
122Suriname25 November 1975
123Angola19 December 1975
124Papua New Guinea19 May 1976
125Seychelles30 June 1976
126Comoros12 August 1976
127Barbados1 September 1977
128Djibouti18 June 1978
129Nicaragua6 January 1979
130Maldives31 October 1979
131Saint Lucia15 November 1979
132El Salvador17 December 1979
133Zimbabwe18 April 1980
134Haiti9 May 1980
135Dominican Republic25 July 1984
136Malawi15 July 1985
—State of Palestine14 January 1989[14][15]
137United Arab Emirates1 August 1989
138Namibia21 March 1990
139South Korea30 March 1990
140Ireland18 April 1990
141Qatar22 October 1990
142Guatemala7 December 1990
143Eswatini12 December 1990
144Bahrain1 February 1991
145Moldova27 August 1991
146Estonia13 September 1991[16]
147Latvia13 September 1991[17]
148Lithuania13 September 1991[18]
149South Africa21 November 1991
150Armenia17 December 1991
151Ukraine1 February 1992
152Belarus14 February 1992
153Paraguay28 May 1992
154Kyrgyzstan15 June 1992
155Azerbaijan19 June 1992
156Georgia25 June 1992
157Kazakhstan15 July 1992
158Tajikistan20 July 1992
159Turkmenistan21 July 1992
160Croatia27 August 1992
161Slovenia28 August 1992
162Slovakia1 January 1993
163Belize25 March 1993
164Eritrea24 November 1993
165Brunei15 April 1994
166North Macedonia11 January 1995
167Saudi Arabia13 March 1995
168San Marino20 June 1995
169Uzbekistan6 October 1995
170Marshall Islands29 January 1996
171Bosnia and Herzegovina29 February 1996
172Andorra6 June 1996
173Liechtenstein12 December 1997
174Timor-Leste20 December 2002
175Saint Vincent and the Grenadines22 May 2003
176Samoa2 March 2006
177Tuvalu12 May 2006
178Montenegro9 August 2006
179Bahamas18 June 2007
180Monaco19 March 2008[19]
181Dominica30 January 2009
182Saint Kitts and Nevis25 June 2009
183Solomon Islands1 February 2011
184Nauru2 March 2011
185South Sudan17 April 2013
186Palau16 February 2018
187Antigua and Barbuda5 April 2018
188Vanuatu1 June 2018
189Kiribati9 July 2018[20]
190Federated States of Micronesia5 February 2019[21]
191Tonga11 April 2023[21]

Relations by continent

[edit]

Multilateral

[edit]
OrganizationFormal Relations BeganNotes
European UnionSee2007 enlargement of the European Union

Romania joined theEuropean Union as a full member on 1 January 2007.

NATOSeeRomania in NATO

Romania joinedNATO as a full member on 29 March 2004.

Europe (Inside theEuropean Union)

[edit]

Romania joined theEuropean Union (EU) on January 1, 2007.

CountryFormal relations beganNotes
Austria1878-09-23SeeAustria–Romania relations
  • Austria has an embassy in Bucharest.
  • Romania has an embassy inVienna.
  • Both countries are full members of theEuropean Union.
Bulgaria1879-07-28SeeBulgaria–Romania relations
Croatia1941-05-13SeeCroatia–Romania relations
Denmark1917-04-26SeeDenmark–Romania relations
Finland1920-06-28SeeFinland–Romania relations
  • Finland has an embassy in Bucharest.
  • Romania has an embassy inHelsinki.
  • Both countries are full members of theEuropean Union andNATO.
France1880-02-20SeeFrance–Romania relations
Germany1880-02-20SeeGermany–Romania relations
Greece1880-01-08SeeGreece–Romania relations
Hungary1920-08-21SeeHungary–Romania relations
Ireland1990-04-18SeeIreland–Romania relations
Italy1879-12-06SeeItaly–Romania relations
Lithuania1924-08-21SeeLithuania–Romania relations
Netherlands1880-01-24SeeNetherlands–Romania relations
  • The Netherlands has an embassy in Bucharest.
  • Romania has an embassy inThe Hague.
  • Both countries are full members of theEuropean Union andNATO.
Poland1919-02-22SeePoland–Romania relations
  • Poland has an embassy in Bucharest.
  • Romania has an embassy inWarsaw.
  • Both countries are full members of theEuropean Union andNATO.
Portugal1917-08-31SeePortugal–Romania relations
  • Portugal has an embassy in Bucharest.
  • Romania has an embassy inLisbon.
  • Both countries are full members of theEuropean Union andNATO.
Slovakia1993-01-01SeeRomania–Slovakia relations
Slovenia1992-08-28SeeRomania–Slovenia relations
Spain[22]1881-07-05SeeRomania–Spain relations
  • Romania has an embassy inMadrid.
  • Spain has an embassy in Bucharest.
  • Both countries are full members of theEuropean Union andNATO.
Sweden1916-03-18SeeRomania–Sweden relations

Europe (Outside of theEuropean Union)

[edit]
CountryFormal relations beganNotes
Albania1913-12-28SeeAlbania–Romania relations
Armenia1991-12-17SeeArmenia–Romania relations
  • Armenia has an embassy in Bucharest.
  • Romania has an embassy inYerevan.
  • Both countries are full members of theCouncil of Europe.
Belarus1992-02-14SeeBelarus–Romania relations
Bosnia and Herzegovina1996-03-01SeeBosnia and Herzegovina–Romania relations
Georgia1921-02-18SeeGeorgia–Romania relations
Holy See1920-06-12SeeHoly See–Romania relations
MoldovaSeeMoldova–Romania relations
Montenegro2006-08-09SeeMontenegro–Romania relations
Norway1917-05-03SeeNorway–Romania relations
Russia1878-10-12SeeRomania–Russia relations
Serbia1841-04-19[23]SeeRomania–Serbia relations

DanubianPrincipalities of Wallachia andSerbia werede facto the first states to recognize each other's diplomatic networks – already by the end of 1830s, as both monarchies strived forformal independence from the Ottoman Empire.[24][25] Following their recognition as independent states, on 14/26 April 1879 the Romanian diplomatic agency in Belgrade became alegation, havingLascăr Catargiu as its first resident minister.[26]

Sovereign Military Order of Malta[27]1992SeeForeign relations of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
  • The diplomatic representation of Romania with SMOM is handled by the Romanian embassy in theVatican (Holy See).
  • Sovereign Military Order of Malta has an embassy inBucharest.
 Switzerland1911-05-09SeeRomania–Switzerland relations[28]
Turkey1879-10-22SeeRomania–Turkey relations[29]
  • Romania has an embassy inAnkara and consulates-general inIstanbul andİzmir.
  • Turkey has an embassy in Bucharest and consulates-general inConstanța.
  • Both countries are full members ofNATO.
Ukraine1918-02-09SeeRomania–Ukraine relations
  • Romania has an embassy inKyiv.
  • Ukraine has an embassy in Bucharest.
  • Romania is anEUmember and Ukraine is anEUcandidate.
United Kingdom1880-02-20SeeRomania–United Kingdom relations
Romanian Prime MinisterMarcel Ciolacu withBritish Prime MinisterKeir Starmer in10 Downing Street, November 2024.

Romania establisheddiplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 20 February 1880.[30]

Both countries share common membership of theCouncil of Europe, theInternational Criminal Court,NATO, theOSCE, and theWorld Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Defence Cooperation Agreement,[33] and a Double Taxation Convention.[34]

Asia

[edit]
CountryFormal relations beganNotes
Afghanistan1958-06-05SeeForeign relations of Afghanistan
Azerbaijan1992-06-19SeeAzerbaijan–Romania relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Bucharest.
  • Romania has an embassy inBaku.
  • Both countries are full members of theCouncil of Europe.
China1949-10-05SeeChina–Romania relations
Iran1902-07-24SeeIran–Romania relations
  • Iran has an embassy in Bucharest.
  • Romania has an embassy inTehran.
Iraq1958-08-14SeeIraq–Romania relations
Israel1948-06-11SeeIsrael–Romania relations
North Korea1948-10-26SeeNorth Korea–Romania relations
Lebanon1965-01-06SeeLebanon–Romania relations
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Bucharest and an honorary consulate in Constanța.[36]
  • Romania has an embassy inBeirut an honorary consulate inTripoli.[36]
Malaysia1969-03-22SeeMalaysia–Romania relations
Palestine1988-11-17SeeRomania–Palestine relations
Pakistan1964-10-15SeePakistan–Romania relations
Philippines1972-03-10SeePhilippines–Romania relations
Saudi Arabia1995-03-13SeeRomania–Saudi Arabia relations
Singapore1967-05-30[37]SeeForeign relations of Singapore

In February 2002 the Romanian presidentIon Iliescu made an official visit to Singapore.[38] In March 2002 Romania and Singapore signed a double-taxation agreement.[39] In November 2008, Singapore signed an open skies agreement (OSA) with Romania to allow greater flexibility on air services.[40]

In 2000, trade between Romania and Singapore was US$15.5 million, roughly balanced.[37] The Romanian market, with a relatively cheap and skilled labor force and advantageous tax laws, has been attractive to several Singapore companies who have established joint ventures in Romania. Forte, created in 1990 as a Romanian-Singapore joint venture for computer assembly, is an example.[41] (However, in 2006 Forte was acquired by Siemens.[42])

  • Romania has an embassy in Singapore.[43]
South Korea1990-03-30[44]SeeRomania–South Korea relations
Sri Lanka1957-09-15SeeRomania–Sri Lanka relations
  • Romania has an embassy inColombo.
  • Sri Lanka has no diplomatic office in Romania. The Sri Lankan embassy inWarsaw,Poland, has concurrent accreditation to Romania.
Syria1955-08-09SeeRomania–Syria relations
Thailand1973-06-01SeeForeign relations of Thailand
Uzbekistan1995-10-06SeeRomania–Uzbekistan relations

Africa:Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)

[edit]
CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Morocco1962-02-20SeeMorocco–Romania relations
Tunisia1963-12-16SeeRomania–Tunisia relations

Africa:Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS)

[edit]
CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Chad1969-07-15SeeChad–Romania relations

Africa:East African Community (EAC)

[edit]
CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Kenya1968-06-22SeeForeign relations of Kenya

Romania opened its embassy in Kenya in 1974.

North America and theCaribbean

[edit]
CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Canada1919-08-19SeeCanada–Romania relations
Mexico1935-07-20SeeMexico–Romania relations
  • Mexico has an embassy in Bucharest.
  • Romania has an embassy inMexico City
United States1880-06-14[50]SeeRomania–United States relations

Although diplomatic relations between the two countries started in 1880, the United States recognized Romania's independence on October 14, 1878. The relations were severed between 1941 and 1946 and remained strained until the 1960s. The bilateral relations began improving after the fall of communism in Romania.

South and Central America

[edit]
CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Argentina1931-04-24SeeArgentina–Romania relations
Brazil1928-01-07SeeBrazil–Romania relations
Chile1925-02-05SeeChile–Romania relations
Peru1939-10-10
  • Romania has an embassy inLima and an honorary consulate inArequipa.
  • The Republic of Peru has an embassy and an honorary consulate, both inBucharest.
Uruguay1925-07-24SeeRomania–Uruguay relations
  • Romania has an embassy inMontevideo.
  • The Oriental Republic of Uruguay has an embassy inBucharest.

Oceania

[edit]
CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Australia1968-03-18SeeAustralia–Romania relations

Romania and Australia have concluded an Investment Promotion and Protection Agreement, signed in 1994, a Trade and Economic Agreement (signed with full effect for Australia in July 2002 and for Romania in January 2003) and an Agreement for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion, signed in 2001.[51]

  • Romania has an embassy inCanberra,[52] a general consulate inSydney, and an honorary consulate inMelbourne.
  • The Commonwealth of Australia has no embassy in Romania, only an honorary consulate inBucharest. The Australian embassy inAthens,Greece, is concurrently accredited to Romania.

International organisations

[edit]

Romania is a member of the following international organisations:

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"A Balancing Act: The Role of Middle Powers in Contemporary Diplomacy". The Hague Center for Strategic Studies. Archived fromthe original on 10 June 2020. Retrieved8 February 2020.
  2. ^Taylor, Ian (2001).Stuck in Middle GEAR: South Africa's Post-apartheid Foreign Relations.London:Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 19.ISBN 9780275972752.
  3. ^I. Handel, Michael (1990).Weak States in the International System.Taylor & Francis. p. 28.ISBN 9780714640730.
  4. ^Bernard Wood, 'Towards North-South Middle Power Coalitions', inMiddle Power Internationalism: The North-South Dimension, edited by Cranford Pratt (Montreal, McGill-Queen's University Press, 1990).
  5. ^Wood, Bernald (1 June 1988).The middle powers and the general interest.Ottawa:The North-South Institute.ISBN 9780920494813.
  6. ^Turkish Policy Quarterly, Volume 4.Turkey: Big Art. 2005.
  7. ^"Lista statelor cu care România întreţine relaţii diplomatice" (in Romanian). Retrieved28 December 2023.
  8. ^"Marele Ducat al LUXEMBURGULUI".Ministerul Afacerilor Externe Romania (in Romanian). Retrieved16 June 2025.
  9. ^Klimek, Antonín; Kubů, Eduard (1995).Československá zahraniční politika 1918-1938 : kapitoly z dějin mezinárodních vztahů (in Czech). Vol. 3. Institut pro středoevropskou kulturu a politiku. p. 98.
  10. ^"Polska w Rumunii (Serwis Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej)" (in Polish). Retrieved12 April 2023.
  11. ^British Documents on Atatürk, 1919-1938, Volume 6. 1973. pp. 270–272.
  12. ^"Anniversary of 55 year since the establishment of diplomatic relations at embassy level between Romania and the Kingdom of Morocco".Ministry of Foreign Affairs Romania. 20 February 2017. Retrieved22 March 2025.
  13. ^"Rumänien: Steckbrief".Auswärtiges Amt (in German). Retrieved6 March 2025.
  14. ^"Palestina".Ministerul Afacerilor Externe Romania (in Romanian). Retrieved14 May 2025.
  15. ^"INVENTAR ANII: 1989, fără an 416 u. a."(PDF).arhivelenationale.ro (in Romanian). p. 33. Retrieved14 May 2025.Schimbarea denumirii Reprezentanței OEP de la București în Ambasada Statului Palestina în RSR: notă de propuneri. 1989.01.14
  16. ^"Diplomaatiliste suhete (taas)kehtestamise kronoloogia" (in Estonian). 30 January 2018. Retrieved26 October 2022.
  17. ^"Dates of establishment and renewal of diplomatic relations".mfa.gov.lv. 1 July 2021. Retrieved5 October 2022.
  18. ^"List of countries with which Lithuania has established diplomatic relations". Archived fromthe original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved10 January 2022.
  19. ^"Rapport de Politique Extérieure 2007" (in French). p. 44. Retrieved11 October 2020.
  20. ^"Establishment of the diplomatic relations with the Republic of Kiribati". Retrieved2 July 2018.
  21. ^ab"Diplomatic relations between Romania and ..." Retrieved2 July 2022.
  22. ^See, Flaviu Vasile, Rus (2018).Relații culturale și diplomatice româno-spaniole. 1880-1936. Cluj-Napoca: Editura Mega.ISBN 978-606-543-930-6.
  23. ^[Reprezentanțele diplomatice ale României, vol. I, 1859–1917, București, 1967, pp. 130–134.
  24. ^Reprezentanțele diplomatice ale României, vol. I, 1859–1917, București, 1967, pp. 130–134.
  25. ^G.G. Florescu, "Agențiile diplomatice de la București și Belgrad (1863–1866)", înRomanoslavica XI/1965, pp. 126–131.
  26. ^A.A. Căpușan,Diplomați români de elită, vol. II, ediția a II-a, București, 2009, p. 13.
  27. ^Sovereign Military Order of Malta has no sovereign territory. It is listed in Europe: Mediterranean microstates due to its extraterritorial headquarters inRome,Italy and few properties in Italy with extraterritoriality status.
  28. ^"Confederația Elvețiană" (in Romanian).Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved8 February 2021.
  29. ^"From Rep. of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs".Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived fromthe original on 6 August 2009. Retrieved12 July 2009.
  30. ^"Brief history of Romanian – British diplomatic relations (1880-2022)".Embassy of Romania to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved5 April 2024.
  31. ^"Romanian Missions | Ministry of Foreign Affairs".Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania.Archived from the original on 1 December 2019. Retrieved9 November 2024.
  32. ^"British Embassy Bucharest".GOV.UK.Archived from the original on 10 October 2024. Retrieved9 November 2024.
  33. ^Lynch, David (13 November 2024)."UK and Romania sign defence treaty aimed at strengthening support for Ukraine".The Independent.Archived from the original on 13 November 2024. Retrieved28 June 2025.
  34. ^HM Revenue and Customs (30 December 2013)."Romania: tax treaties".GOV.UK.Archived from the original on 8 April 2025. Retrieved28 June 2025.
  35. ^"Un angajat al Ambasadei României la Kabul a murit, iar altul e rănit grav după atacul terorist de luni noapte". 4 September 2019.
  36. ^ab"Republica Libaneză" (in Romanian).Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved10 August 2020.
  37. ^ab"Romanian president arrives in Singapore, 20 February". Rompres. 20 February 2002. Archived fromthe original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved17 July 2009.
  38. ^"Romanian president arrives in Singapore, 20 February". Rompres. 20 February 2002. Archived fromthe original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved15 July 2009.
  39. ^"Romania to sign tax agreement with Singapore". AP Worldstream. Archived fromthe original on 25 October 2012. Retrieved15 July 2009.
  40. ^"osa signed between romania and singapore". Property-Abroad.com. 28 November 2008. Archived fromthe original on 3 October 2009. Retrieved16 July 2009.
  41. ^"ROMANIA COUNTRY COMMERCIAL GUIDE FY2002 – NETWORKS MARKET". U. S. Department of Commerce. Archived from the original on 8 February 2009. Retrieved16 July 2009.
  42. ^"FORTE BUSINESS SERVICES S.R.L." Siemens. Archived fromthe original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved16 July 2009.
  43. ^"Ministerul Afacerilor Externe". Retrieved19 February 2015.
  44. ^ab"Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea".www.mofa.go.kr. Archived fromthe original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved17 January 2022.
  45. ^"Embassy of the Republic of Korea in Romania".Rou.mofa.go.kr. Archived fromthe original on 20 December 2017. Retrieved11 April 2018.
  46. ^"AMBASADA ROMÂNIEI în Republica Coreea".seoul.mae.ro. Archived fromthe original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved22 November 2017.
  47. ^"Ministerul Afacerilor Externe".Mae.ro. Retrieved19 February 2015.
  48. ^"Thai embassy in Bucharest".Thaiembassy.ro. Archived fromthe original on 27 June 2009. Retrieved11 April 2018.
  49. ^"Ministerul Afacerilor Externe". Retrieved19 February 2015.
  50. ^Flaviu Vasile, Rus, ed. (2018).The cultural and the diplomatic relations between Romania and the United States of America. 1880-1920. Cluj-Napoca: MEGA Publishing.ISBN 978-606-543-970-2.
  51. ^"Romania". Archived fromthe original on 28 April 2014. Retrieved19 February 2015.
  52. ^"AMBASADA ROMÂNIEI în Australia". Retrieved19 February 2015.
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