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Foreign relations of Portugal

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Coat of arms of Portugal
Constitution

Foreign relations of Portugal are linked with its historical role as a major player in theAge of Discovery and the holder of the now defunctPortuguese Empire.Portugal is aEuropean Union member country and a founding member ofNATO. It is a committed proponent ofEuropean integration andtransatlantic relations.Paulo Rangel is the currentMinister of Foreign Affairs of Portugal.

Historical

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Historically, the focus of Portuguese diplomacy has been to preserve its independence,vis-à-vis, the danger ofannexation bySpain, and the maintenance of theAnglo-Portuguese Alliance, which officially came into being in 1386, and with theUnited Kingdom as asuccessor toEngland, it is still in place today.

Other goals have also been constant such as the political stability of theIberian Peninsula and the affirmation of Portuguese interests inEurope and theAtlantic (also in theIndian andPacific Oceans throughout different moments in history).

International organizations

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Angela Merkel andJosé Manuel Barroso

Portugal was a founding member ofNATO (1949),Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (1961), andEuropean Free Trade Area (1960); it left the latter in 1986 to join theEuropean Economic Community, which would become theEuropean Union (EU) in 1993. In 1996, it co-founded theCommunity of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP). The country is a member state of theUnited Nations since 1955.

Recently, the primacy of the United States and inter-governmental organizations such as NATO and theUnited Nations have also been paramount in the affirmation of Portugal abroad.

Portugal has been a significant beneficiary of the EU. It was among the top beneficiaries of theEU-15 between 1995 and 2004 (only behind Spain andGreece in absolute terms, and behindIreland and Greece in aper capita basis).[1] Portugal is a proponent ofEuropean integration and held the presidency of the European Union for the second time during the first half of 2000, and again in the second half of 2007. Portugal used its term to launch a dialogue between the EU andAfrica and to begin to take steps to make the European economy dynamic and competitive. In 2002, theeuro began to circulate as Portugal's currency.José Sócrates, asPrime Minister of Portugal, presided over the rotativePresidency of the Council of the European Union for the period July–December 2007.[2] In this post, Sócrates and his team focused on the EU-Brazil (1st EU-Brazil summit) and EU-African Union (2007 Africa-EU Summit) relations, as well as in the approval of theTreaty of Lisbon.

Portugal was a founding member of NATO; it is an active member of the alliance by, for example, contributing proportionally large contingents inBalkan peacekeeping forces. Portugal proposed the creation of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP) to improve its ties with other Portuguese-speaking countries. Additionally, Portugal has participated, along with Spain, in a series ofIbero-American Summit. Portugal held the chairmanship of theOrganization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) for the year 2002. The chairman-in-office was Portuguese Foreign MinisterAntónio Martins da Cruz.

Disputes

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Portugal holds claim to the disputed territory ofOlivença on thePortugal-Spain border.

International visits

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Diplomatic relations

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List of countries which Portugal maintains diplomatic relations with:

#CountryDate[3]
1Spain5 October 1143
2United Kingdom9 May 1386[4]
—Holy See12 February 1481[5]
3France7 January 1485
4NetherlandsFebruary 1641
5Denmark18 March 1641[6]
6Sweden10 June 1641
7Russia24 October 1779
8United States13 May 1791[7]
9Argentina28 July 1821[8]
10Brazil29 August 1825
111Belgium8 August 1834[9]
12Greece22 July 1835[10]
13Paraguay14 February 1846
14Uruguay14 February 1846
15Peru26 March 1853[11]
16Colombia9 April 1857
17Thailand10 February 1859[12]
18Japan3 August 1860
19Italy24 October 1860[13]
20South AfricaFebruary 1886
21  Switzerland5 November 1872
22Mexico6 December 1879
23Bolivia10 May 1879
24Serbia14 November 1882
25Dominican Republic1 May 1883[14]
26Guatemala20 August 1884[15]
27Luxembourg21 May 1891
28Panama21 May 1904[16]
29Norway17 March 1906[17]
30Chile26 November 1912
31Costa Rica10 July 1913
32Venezuela11 December 1913[18]
33Romania27 August 1917
34Cuba16 May 1919[19]
35Finland10 January 1920
36Czech Republic18 October 1920[20]
37Austria4 April 1922[21]
38Poland13 May 1922
39Egypt25 June 1925[22]
40Turkey28 May 1926[23]
41Ireland26 February 1942[24]
42Philippines4 July 1946
43Iceland23 January 1948[25]
44India12 August 1948[26][27]
45Ecuador28 August 1948
46Pakistan4 November 1949
47Indonesia13 May 1950[28]
48Canada12 April 1952
49Germany10 November 1952[29]
50Sri Lanka7 January 1953[30]
51Lebanon1955
52Iran15 October 1956
53Morocco18 December 1956[31]
54Tunisia21 May 1957
55Nicaragua3 March 1958[32]
56Honduras20 October 1958
57Ethiopia6 January 1959
58Democratic Republic of the Congo7 July 1960
59Australia4 August 1960
60Madagascar20 September 1960[33]
61South Korea15 April 1961[34]
62Republic of the Congo25 May 1961
—Sovereign Military Order of Malta19 December 1962[35]
63Iraq8 February 1963
64Haiti1965
65El Salvador15 March 1966[36]
66Eswatini6 September 1968
67Malawi26 March 1969
68Jordan5 July 1972[37]
69Bulgaria26 June 1974
70Hungary1 July 1974
71Mongolia25 July 1974
72Senegal2 September 1974
73Guinea-Bissau29 November 1974
74Bangladesh16 December 1974
75Ivory Coast28 January 1975
76Gabon30 January 1975
77Sierra Leone18 February 1975[38]
78Syria19 February 1975
79Burundi22 February 1975
80Cyprus5 March 1975
81Algeria7 March 1975
82Liberia19 March 1975
83Kuwait1 April 1975
84Tanzania1 April 1975
85Zambia3 April 1975
86Yemen18 April 1975
—North Korea (suspended)[39]22 April 1975
87Ghana27 May 1975
88Mozambique25 June 1975
89Vietnam1 July 1975
90Niger10 July 1975
91Nigeria10 July 1975
92São Tomé and Príncipe18 July 1975
93Cape Verde18 July 1975
94Malta22 July 1975
95MalaysiaDecember 1975
96Libya1975
97Rwanda12 February 1976
98Mauritania3 March 1976
99Angola9 March 1976
100Lesotho29 March 1976
101Afghanistan14 April 1976
102United Arab Emirates20 June 1976
103New Zealand22 June 1976
104Bahrain10 July 1976
105Seychelles16 August 1976[40]
106   Nepal1 September 1976
107Gambia8 September 1976
108Grenada8 September 1976
109Papua New Guinea15 October 1976
110Myanmar14 November 1976[41]
111Mauritius12 December 1976
112Mali17 December 1976
113Kenya10 January 1977
114Cameroon12 February 1977
115Central African Republic15 February 1977
116Fiji21 February 1977
117Equatorial Guinea9 March 1977
118Chad4 April 1977
119Suriname2 May 1977
120Israel12 May 1977
121Albania21 June 1977
122Benin21 July 1977
123Trinidad and Tobago2 September 1977
124Togo18 March 1978
125Burkina Faso7 July 1978[42]
126Guinea2 January 1979
127China2 February 1979[43]
128Guyana14 February 1979
129Jamaica26 February 1979
130Oman26 October 1979
131Zimbabwe18 April 1980
132Botswana21 April 1980
133Saudi Arabia18 July 1980
134Singapore7 January 1981
135Sudan11 January 1981
136Qatar1 May 1982
137Antigua and Barbuda20 March 1983
138Somalia3 April 1983
139Vanuatu30 August 1983
140Tonga1 November 1983
141Kiribati15 November 1983
142Nauru31 January 1984
143Barbados23 February 1989[44]
144Estonia1 October 1991
145Latvia2 October 1991
146Lithuania4 October 1991
147Namibia22 November 1991
148Uganda2 December 1991
149Belarus26 January 1992[45]
150Ukraine27 January 1992
151Croatia3 February 1992
152Slovenia3 February 1992
153Liechtenstein6 February 1992[46]
154Georgia23 May 1992
155Armenia25 May 1992
156Cambodia29 May 1992[47]
157Azerbaijan4 August 1992
158Tajikistan7 August 1992
159Turkmenistan13 August 1992
160Kyrgyzstan18 August 1992[48]
161Kazakhstan19 August 1992
162Uzbekistan28 August 1992
163Belize9 December 1992[49]
164Slovakia2 January 1993
165Moldova10 February 1993[50]
166Bahamas27 May 1993[49]
167North Macedonia15 November 1994
168Andorra22 December 1994[51]
169Maldives9 February 1995
170Marshall Islands10 February 1995[52]
171Federated States of Micronesia24 March 1995[53]
172Saint Kitts and Nevis1 March 1995[54]
173Saint Vincent and the Grenadines12 April 1995
174Laos1 June 1995
—Cook Islands12 August 1995
175San Marino29 August 1995
176Eritrea8 June 1995[49]
177Samoa9 June 1995[55]
178Bosnia and Herzegovina13 November 1995
179Djibouti19 March 1996[49]
180Brunei22 March 1996[49]
181Palau17 May 1996[56]
182Saint Lucia19 September 1996[49]
183Solomon Islands20 November 1996[57]
184Comoros27 December 1996[49]
185Dominica27 December 1996[49]
186Timor-Leste20 May 2002
187Montenegro18 May 2007
188Monaco13 November 2008[58]
189Tuvalu26 May 2009
—Kosovo14 November 2011[59]
190South Sudan23 April 2013[49]

Bilateral relationships

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Africa

[edit]
CountryFormal relations beganNotes
Algeria7 March 1975[3]
  • Algeria has an embassy inLisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy inAlgiers.
Angola9 March 1976[3]SeeAngola–Portugal relations.

Portugal ruled Angola for 400 years,[60] colonizing the territory from 1483 until independence in 1975. Angola's war forindependence did not end in a military victory for either side, but was suspended as a result of acoup in Portugal, that replaced theCaetano regime with aMilitary junta.

  • Angola has an embassy in Lisbon and a consulate-general inPorto.
  • Portugal has an embassy inLuanda and a consulate-general inBenguela.
Cape Verde18 July 1975[3]SeeCape Verde–Portugal relations
  • Cape Verde has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy inPraia.
Democratic Republic of Congo7 July 1960[3]
  • DR Congo has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy inKinshasa.
Egypt24 November 1942[3]
  • Egypt has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy inCairo.
Equatorial Guinea9 March 1977[3]
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy inMalabo.
Ethiopia6 January 1959[3]
  • Ethiopia is accredited to Portugal from its embassy inParis, France.
  • Portugal has an embassy inAddis Ababa.
Guinea-Bissau29 November 1974[3]SeeGuinea-Bissau–Portugal relations
  • Guinea-Bissau has an embassy in Lisbon and a consulate-general inAlbufeira.
  • Portugal has an embassy inBissau.
Ivory Coast28 January 1975[3]
  • Ivory Coast has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal is accredited to Ivory Coast from its embassy in Dakar, Senegal.
Libya1975[3]
  • Libya has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal's embassy inTripoli is currently suspended due to the currentLibyan Crisis.
Morocco16 May 1955[3]
  • Morocco has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy inRabat.
Mozambique25 June 1975[3]SeeMozambique–Portugal relations.

Mozambique gained independence from Portugal in 1975.

  • Mozambique has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy inMaputo and a consulate-general inBeira.
Nigeria10 July 1975[3]
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy inAbuja.
São Tomé and Príncipe18 July 1975[3]SeePortugal–São Tomé and Príncipe relations.
  • Portugal has an embassy inSão Tomé.
  • São Tomé and Príncipe has an embassy in Lisbon.
Senegal2 September 1974[3]
  • Portugal has an embassy inDakar.
  • Senegal has an embassy in Lisbon.
South AfricaFebruary 1886[3]SeePortugal–South Africa relations.
Tanzania[3]
  • Portugal is accredited to Tanzania from its embassy in Maputo, Mozambique.
Tunisia21 May 1957[3]
  • Portugal has an embassy inTunis.
  • Tunisia has an embassy in Lisbon.

Americas

[edit]
CountryFormal relations beganNotes
Argentina9 August 1852[3]SeeArgentina–Portugal relations
Belize9 December 1992[49]

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 December 1992.[61]

Brazil29 August 1825[3]SeeBrazil–Portugal relations.

Relations between Brazil and Portugal have spanned over four centuries, beginning in 1532 with the establishment ofSão Vicente, the first Portuguese permanent settlement in theAmericas, up to the present day.[62] Relations between the two are intrinsically tied because of thePortuguese Empire. They continue to be bound by a common language and ancestral lines inPortuguese Brazilians, which can be traced back hundreds of years.

Canada12 April 1952[3]SeeCanada–Portugal relations.
  • Canada has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy inOttawa and consulates-general inMontreal,Toronto andVancouver.
  • Both nations are part of NATO.
Chile28 February 1879[3]SeeChile–Portugal relations
  • Chile has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy inSantiago.
Colombia9 April 1857[3]
  • Formal relations began in 1857.
  • Colombia has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy inBogotá.
Cuba1929[3]
  • Cuba has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy inHavana.
El Salvador15 March 1966[36]
  • El Salvador has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal is accredited to El Salvador from its embassy in Mexico City, Mexico.
Mexico6 December 1879[3]SeeMexico–Portugal relations.
Panama21 May 1904[16]
  • Panama has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy inPanama City.
Peru26 March 1853[11]
  • Peru has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy inLima.
United States13 May 1791[7]SeePortugal–United States relations.

Portugal was among the first nations to establish diplomatic ties with the United States. Contributing to the strong ties between the United States and Portugal are the 20,000 Americans living in Portugal and some sizablePortuguese communities inMassachusetts,Rhode Island,New Jersey,California, andHawaii. The latest census estimates that 1.3 million individuals living in the United States are of Portuguese ancestry, with a large percentage coming from thePortuguese Autonomous region of theAzores.

Uruguay16 October 1852[63]SeePortugal–Uruguay relations.
  • Portugal has an embassy inMontevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Lisbon.
Venezuela1914[3]
  • Portugal has an embassy inCaracas and a consulate-general inValencia.
  • Venezuela has an embassy in Lisbon.

Asia

[edit]
CountryFormal relations beganNotes
Armenia25 May 1992[3]SeeArmenia–Portugal relations.
  • Armenia is accredited to Portugal from its embassy in Rome, Italy.[64]
  • Portugal is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.[65]
  • Portugal hasrecognized theArmenian genocide in 2019.
Azerbaijan4 August 1992[3]SeeAzerbaijan-Portugal relations.
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to Portugal from its embassy in Rabat, Morocco.
  • Portugal is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.
Bahrain10 July 1976[3]SeeBahrain–Portugal relations.

Bahrain was ruled by thePortuguese Empire from 1521 until 1602, when they were expelled byShah Abbas I of theSafavid dynasty.

China2 February 1979[43]SeeChina–Portugal relations.
  • China has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy inBeijing and consulates-general inMacau andShanghai.
India22 June 1949[3]SeeIndia–Portugal relations.
  • Relations between India and Portugal began amicably in 1947 when the former achieved independence. Relations went into decline after 1950 over Portugal's refusal to surrender its enclaves ofGoa,Daman and Diu on India's west coast. By 1955, the two nations had cut off diplomatic relations, triggering a crisis which precipitated in theinvasion of Portuguese India in 1961. Portugal refused to recognize Indian sovereignty over the annexed territories until 1974 when, following theCarnation Revolution, the new government inLisbon recognized Indian sovereignty and restored diplomatic relations.
  • Relations have turned cordial since then and a number of state visits have been made, treaties have been signed. Indo-Portuguese bilateral trade grew from US$69 million in 1991 to US$289.52 million in 2005.
  • The Indian state of Goa hosted the2013 Lusophony Games, the third edition of the multi-sport event for delegations representing every Portuguese-speaking National Olympic Committees.
  • India has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy inNew Delhi and a consulate-general inPanjim,Goa.
Indonesia4 January 1965[3]SeeIndonesia–Portugal relations.

In 1999, Indonesia and Portugal restored diplomatic relations, which were broken off following theIndonesian invasion ofEast Timor in 1975.

  • Indonesia has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy inJakarta.
Iran15 October 1956[3]SeeIran–Portugal relations
  • Iran has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy inTehran.
Iraq
  • Iraq has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal is represented in Iraq through embassy in Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates).
Israel12 May 1977[3]SeeIsrael–Portugal relations

TheEstado Novo regime did not recognize Israel. Full diplomatic relations with the Israeli government were established in 1977, following thePortuguese revolution of 1974.[66]

  • Israel has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy inTel Aviv.
Japan3 August 1860[3]SeeJapan–Portugal relations.
  • Japan has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy inTokyo.
Kazakhstan19 August 1992[3]
  • Kazakhstan has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy inAstana.
North Korea22 April 1975[3]SeePortugal–North Korea relations.

In 1975, North Korea and Portugal established diplomatic relations.[67] In 2017, Portugal cut diplomatic ties with North Korea.[68]

Pakistan4 November 1949[3]
  • Pakistan has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy inIslamabad.
Philippines4 July 1946[3]
  • Philippines has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal is accredited to the Philippines from its embassy in Jakarta, Indonesia.
Qatar1 May 1982[3]
  • Portugal has an embassy inDoha.
  • Qatar has an embassy in Lisbon.
Saudi Arabia18 July 1980[3]
  • Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy inRiyadh.
South Korea15 April 1961[34]SeePortugal–South Korea relations

Although far apart in geographical terms, the known contacts between Portugal and Korea date from the beginning of the 17th century.

  • In 1604, a Portuguese merchant, João Mendes, traveled to East Asia via Macao to engage in trading and, after having been taken captive along with other crew in a sea battle with a Japanese foreign trade mission boat, landed in Tongyang, on the Southeastern coast of Korea.
    • But before that – throughout the 16th century – both Portuguese cartography and texts written by Portuguese Jesuit fathers provide a significant number of references to Korea. Luís de Fróis, in his History of Japan (which includes ten chapters on Korea), Tomé Pires, in his Summa Oriental, Fernão Mendes Pinto, celebrated author of The Peregrination, Fernão Vaz Dourado, Gaspar Vilela, or father Manuel Teixeira, are some of the authors and cartographers where numerous references to Korea can be found.
    • On the basis of toponyms related to Korea found in texts written and charts drawn by Portuguese travelers and cartographers, Korean historians have attributed to the Portuguese the introduction of Korea to the Western world.
    • Thus, Portugal and Korea can trace their relations back to the era when Portugal played a pioneering role in opening the sea routes between Europe and Asia, between East and West, setting out the first wave of globalization and fostering multiform contacts and exchanges between different civilizations that became the hallmark of the modern world.
    • Today, the relations between Portugal and Korea stand on solid grounds, built upon an extensive network of bilateral agreements and political visits at high level, as well as on a growing exchange of people to people contacts. With Asia taking centerpiece place in the world economy and Korea playing a leading role in Asia, trade and relations between both countries are expected to develop further.
  • On the sidelines of their meeting on 10 April the South Korean Foreign MinisterYun Byung-se and his Portuguese counterpart Rui Machete signed the Memorandum of Understanding betweenSouth Korea and Portugal concerning aWorking Holiday Program.
  • TheMemorandum of understanding (MOU) was brought into force on 10 April 2014, allowing an annual 200 youngsters aged 18–30 of each country to stay in the other country for up to one year traveling and working.
  • South Korea is the first country Portugal has concluded such an MOU with The bilateral MOU is expected to offer opportunities to future leaders of the two countries to better understand each other's cultures and promote exchanges and cooperation between the two countries.[69]
  • Portugal has an embassy in Seoul.[70]
  • South Korea has an embassy in Lisbon.[71]
Thailand10 February 1859[12]SeePortugal–Thailand relations
  • Portugal has an embassy inBangkok.
  • Thailand has an embassy in Lisbon.
Timor-Leste20 May 2002[3]SeePortugal–Timor-Leste relations.

East Timor was an overseas territory of Portugal for over 400 years. Portugal was a strong advocate of independence for East Timor, which was occupied annexed by neighboringIndonesia between 1975 and 1999, and has committed troops and money to Timor-Leste, in close cooperation with theUnited Nations and Timor-Leste'sAsian neighbors.

  • Timor-Leste has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy inDili.
Turkey20 March 1843[3]SeePortugal–Turkey relations

Turkey's 161 years of political relations with Portugal date back to theOttoman period when the Visconde do Seixal was appointed as an envoy toIstanbul. Diplomatic relations ceased duringWorld War I and were re-established in theRepublican period in 1926. A resident embassy was established in 1957.

United Arab Emirates20 June 1976[3]SeePortugal–United Arab Emirates relations
  • Portugal has an embassy inAbu Dhabi.
  • United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Lisbon.
Vietnam1 July 1975[3]
  • Portugal is accredited to Vietnam from its embassy in Bangkok, Thailand. However, Portugal has a consulate-general in Ho Chi Minh City.
  • Vietnam is accredited to Portugal from its embassy in Paris, France.

Europe

[edit]
CountryFormal relations beganNotes
Albania19 December 1939[3]SeeAlbania–Portugal relations.
Andorra22 December 1994[51]SeeAndorra–Portugal relations
  • Andorra has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal is accredited to Andorra from its embassy in Madrid, Spain.
AustriaApril 1696[3]SeeAustria–Portugal relations
BelgiumJuly 1834[3]SeeBelgium–Portugal relations
Bulgaria26 June 1974[3]SeeBulgaria–Portugal relations.
  • Diplomatic relations were first established in 1925. They were severed in 1945 and were restored on 24 June 1974.
  • Bulgaria has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy inSofia.
  • Both countries are full members of theEuropean Union andNATO.
  • In 2007, the two countries signed a police co-operation agreement.
Croatia3 February 1992[3]
  • Croatia has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy inZagreb.
  • Both countries are full members of theEuropean Union andNATO.
Cyprus5 March 1975[3]
Czech Republic1921
  • Czech Republic has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy inPrague.
  • Both countries are full members of theEuropean Union andNATO.
Denmark18 March 1641[6]SeeDenmark–Portugal relations.
Estonia
  • Estonia has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal is accredited to Estonia from its embassy in Helsinki, Finland.
  • Both countries are full members of theEuropean Union andNATO.
Finland10 January 1920[3]
  • Finland has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy inHelsinki.
  • Both countries are full members of theEuropean Union andNATO.
  • Portugal fully supported Finland's application to join NATO, which resulted in membership on 4 April 2023.
France1485[3]SeeFrance–Portugal relations

Portuguese links to France have remained very strong and the country is considered one of Portugal's main political partners.

Germany1871[3]SeeGermany–Portugal relations
Greece22 July 1835[10]SeeGreece–Portugal relations
  • Greece has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy inAthens.
  • Both countries are full members of theEuropean Union andNATO.
Holy See23 May 1179[3]
  • Holy See has an apostolic nunciature in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy to the Holy See based in Rome.
Hungary1 July 1974[3]
Iceland23 January 1948[25]
  • Iceland is accredited to Portugal from its embassy in Paris, France.
  • Portugal is accredited to Iceland from its embassy in Oslo, Norway.
  • Both countries are full members ofNATO.
Ireland1942[3]
Italy15 July 1872[3]SeeItaly–Portugal relations
  • Italy has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy inRome.
  • Both countries are full members of theEuropean Union andNATO.
Kosovo14 November 2011[59]SeeKosovo–Portugal relations.

Portugalrecognized Kosovo on 7 October 2008.[73][74][75] Kosovo has formally announced its decision to open an embassy in Lisbon.[76]

Luxembourg
Malta22 July 1975[3]SeeMalta–Portugal relations.
  • Malta has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal is accredited to Malta from its embassy in Rome, Italy.
  • Both countries are full members of theEuropean Union and of theCouncil of Europe.
NetherlandsFebruary 1641[3]SeeNetherlands–Portugal relations
North Macedonia
  • North Macedonia is accredited to Portugal from its embassy in Paris, France.
  • Portugal is accredited to North Macedonia from its embassy in Belgrade, Serbia.
  • Both countries are full members of theCouncil of Europe andNATO.
  • North Macedonia is anEUcandidate and Portugal is anEUmember.
Norway17 March 1906[17]
  • Norway has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy inOslo.
  • Both countries are full members ofNATO.
Poland13 May 1922[3]SeePoland–Portugal relations
  • Poland has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy inWarsaw.
  • Both countries are full members of theEuropean Union andNATO.
Romania27 August 1917[3]SeePortugal–Romania relations
Russia24 October 1779[3]SeePortugal–Russia relations.
Serbia14 November 1882[3]SeePortugal–Serbia relations.

Portugal established diplomatic relations with theKingdom of Serbia on 19 October 1917.[77] Relations continued with the successorKingdom of Yugoslavia. The Portuguese recognized the government in exile of this state after the German occupation of 1941.[78] Relations with theSocialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which took power in 1945 afterWorld War II, were only established in 1974 after the PortugueseCarnation Revolution.[79] Following the dissolution of SFR Yugoslavia during theYugoslav wars, Portugal maintained relations with theFederal Republic of Yugoslavia, later reconstituted asSerbia and Montenegro and finally asSerbia afterMontenegro declared its independence in July 2006.[80] Portugal has an embassy inBelgrade. Serbia has an embassy in Lisbon.[80]

In April 1999, Portugal participated in theNATO bombing of Serbia from theAviano air base inItaly.[81] Portugal also provided troops as part of NATO peacekeeping efforts in the breakaway Serbian province of Kosovo in 1999.[82] In April 1999, Serbia filed a complaint with theInternational Court of Justice regarding Portugal's use of force in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.[83] As of 2007, Portugal still had about 300 troops in Kosovo.[84]

  • In December 1997,President of YugoslaviaSlobodan Milošević received Portuguese Foreign MinisterJaime Gama to discuss strengthening bilateral relations.[85]
  • In January 2002, Jaime Gama returned to Yugoslavia in his capacity asOrganization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) Chairman-in-Office. The OSCE was engaged in stabilizing the situation in southern Serbia following theKosovo War.[86]
  • In November 2003, the President of Serbia and Montenegro,Svetozar Marović, visited Portugal. During this visit, he signed an agreement on the succession of Bilateral Agreements between Yugoslavia and Portugal, extending prior agreements on tourism, business, scientific, and technological co-operation, and co-operation in information.[80]
  • In July 2005, Portuguese Minister of DefenseLuís Amado visited Serbia and Montenegro, where he discussed military co-operation with his Serbian counterpart.[87]
  • In May 2007, Portuguese Foreign Minister Luís Amado gave strong support for Serbian ambitions to join the European Union.[88]
  • In July 2007, Serbian Prime MinisterVojislav Koštunica visited Lisbon.[89]
  • In October 2008, Portugal recognized Kosovo's independence from Serbia.[90] (See alsoKosovan–Portuguese relations.)
  • In November 2008, Portuguese Foreign Minister Luís Amado met with his Serbian counterpartVuk Jeremić in Belgrade and voiced his support for removing the suspension of a trade agreement between Serbia and the European Union.[91] Also that month, the Serbian Minister of Science and Technological Development met a Portuguese delegation and discussed cooperation in energy efficiency, nanotechnology, and the food industry, with plans to sign a co-operation agreement on science and technology by the end of 2008.[92]
  • In February 2009, Serbian Defence MinisterDragan Šutanovac met with his Portuguese counterpartNuno Severiano Teixeira. They signed an agreement on defense cooperation and discussed Serbia's NATO bid.[93][94]
  • In June 2009, Serbian Prime MinisterMirko Cvetković met with Portuguese parliamentary speaker Jaime Gama, and discussed improvements to bilateral cooperation.[95]

In the January–October 2006 period, bilateral trade between Serbia and Portugal were estimated at US$12.7 million.[80]

Spain5 October 1143[3]SeePortugal–Spain relations.

Historically, the two states were long-standing adversaries, but in recent years, they have enjoyed a much friendlier relationship and in 1986, they entered the European Union together.

Sweden29 July 1641[3]SeePortugal–Sweden relations
  • Portugal has an embassy inStockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Both countries are full members of theEuropean Union,NATO and of theCouncil of Europe.
  • Portugal fully supported Sweden's application to join NATO, which resulted in membership on 7 March 2024.
 Switzerland5 November 1872[3]
  • Portugal has an embassy inBern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Lisbon.
Ukraine27 January 1992[3]SeePortugal–Ukraine relations.
  • Portugal recognized Ukraine's independence in 1991.
  • Portugal has an embassy inKyiv.
  • Ukraine has an embassy in Lisbon and a consulate in Porto.[98]
  • Both countries are full members of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and of theCouncil of Europe.
  • Portugal is anEUmember and Ukraine is anEUcandidate.
  • As of 2015, according to United Nations statistics, there are 45,051Ukrainians living in Portugal.[99]
United Kingdom9 May 1386SeePortugal–United Kingdom relations.
British Prime MinisterBoris Johnson withPortuguese Prime MinisterAntónio Costa in10 Downing Street, June 2022.

Portugal establisheddiplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 9 May 1386.[4][irrelevant citation]

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,[103] theCouncil of Europe,NATO, theOECD, theOSCE, theUnited Nations, theWorld Health Organization, and theWorld Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, and a Double Taxation Convention.[104]

Oceania

[edit]
CountryFormal relations beganNotes
Australia4 August 1960[3]
  • Australia has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy inCanberra and a consulate-general inSydney.
New Zealand22 June 1976[3]
  • New Zealand is accredited to Portugal from its embassy in Paris, France.
  • Portugal is accredited to New Zealand from its embassy in Canberra, Australia.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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