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Foreign relations of Monaco

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

ThePrincipality of Monaco is a sovereign and independent state, linked closely toFrance by the Treaty of July 1918, which was formally noted in Article 436 of theTreaty of Versailles of 1919. The foreign policy of Monaco is one illustration of this accord: France has agreed to defend the independence and sovereignty of Monaco, while the Monegasque Government has agreed to exercise its sovereign rights in conformity with French interests, whilst at the same time maintaining complete independence. Since then, the relations between the sovereign states of France and Monaco have been further defined in the Treaty of 1945 and the Agreement of 1963.

Although not a member of theEuropean Union (EU), Monaco is closely associated with the economic apparatus of the EU through its customs union with France and its reliance upon the euro as its official currency.

Monaco actively participates in theUnited Nations, which it joined in 1993. Monaco joined theCouncil of Europe on October 4, 2004. Monaco also is a member of many international and intergovernmental organizations, includingInterpol, theUNESCO, and theWorld Health Organization (WHO). TheInternational Hydrographic Organization (IHO) is headquartered in Monaco.

The foreign relations are managed by theDepartment of External Relations.

Diplomatic relations

[edit]

List of countries which Monaco maintains diplomatic relations with:

#CountryDate[1]
1France29 April 1873
2Italy25 April 1875
Holy See21 June 1875
3Spain2 June 1876
4Belgium2 October 1931
5Luxembourg18 December 1947
6Germany16 October 1951
7  Switzerland27 May 1959
8Netherlands29 August 1966
9China16 January 1995
10Liechtenstein16 February 1996
11El Salvador14 December 2000[2]
12Colombia15 December 2000
13Maldives19 March 2001
14Ecuador5 April 2001
15Uruguay10 April 2001
16Malta11 April 2001[3]
17Thailand26 June 2006
18Andorra7 July 2006
19Russia11 July 2006[4]
20Bosnia and Herzegovina27 July 2006
21Slovenia28 November 2006
22Israel30 November 2006
23United States7 December 2006
24Ireland14 December 2006
25Japan14 December 2006
26Philippines15 December 2006
27Qatar26 December 2006
28Algeria31 January 2007
29San Marino26 March 2007
30Argentina29 March 2007
31Finland29 March 2007
32Austria16 April 2007[5]
33Australia3 May 2007
34Malaysia22 May 2007[6]
35Egypt31 May 2007
36Serbia31 May 2007[7]
37South Korea14 June 2007
38Ukraine26 July 2007
39Montenegro7 September 2007
40India21 September 2007
41United Kingdom21 September 2007
42Poland27 September 2007
Sovereign Military Order of Malta18 October 2007
43Guatemala2 November 2007[8]
44Vietnam29 November 2007
45Croatia6 December 2007
46Slovakia13 December 2007
47Azerbaijan19 December 2007
48Cuba19 December 2007
49Chile23 January 2008
50Mongolia6 February 2008
51Estonia7 February 2008
52Georgia7 February 2008
53Dominican Republic12 February 2008
54Morocco12 February 2008
55Bulgaria14 February 2008
56Canada13 March 2008
57Romania19 March 2008
58Mexico21 March 2008
59Jamaica4 April 2008[9]
60Seychelles15 April 2008
61Greece15 May 2008
62Turkey28 May 2008[7]
63Czech Republic4 July 2008
64Lesotho15 July 2008[10]
65Armenia15 October 2008[11]
66Latvia15 October 2008[12]
67Portugal13 November 2008
68Kazakhstan15 January 2009[13]
69Sweden30 January 2009[14]
70Saint Vincent and the Grenadines12 February 2009[2]
71Pakistan24 February 2009[15]
72Dominica27 February 2009[16]
73Venezuela27 May 2009[17]
74Equatorial Guinea16 June 2009[18]
75Senegal23 June 2009[19]
76United Arab Emirates9 October 2009[2]
77Timor-Leste19 February 2010[20]
78Brazil14 April 2010[2]
79Saint Kitts and Nevis21 April 2010[2]
80Samoa4 May 2010[2]
81Afghanistan13 October 2010[21]
82Peru13 October 2010[22]
83Norway16 November 2010[23]
84Indonesia17 December 2010[24]
85South Africa19 January 2011[25]
86Cyprus23 February 2011[25]
87Botswana24 February 2011[2]
88Honduras25 February 2011[26]
89Panama2 March 2011[25]
90Gabon28 March 2011[25]
91Lithuania11 April 2011[25]
92Saint Lucia12 May 2011[2]
93Denmark16 June 2011[25]
94Brunei22 June 2011[25]
95Moldova8 September 2011[25]
96Mauritania9 September 2011[25]
97Palau26 October 2011[2]
98Albania24 November 2011[25]
99Djibouti1 December 2011[25]
100Mali26 January 2012[27]
101Solomon Islands6 March 2012[2]
102   Nepal26 March 2012[27]
103Iran10 May 2012[27]
104Tuvalu29 May 2012[2]
105Paraguay14 June 2012[27]
106Nigeria6 July 2012[27]
107Malawi31 July 2012[27]
Kosovo24 August 2012[27]
108Oman20 February 2013[2]
109Bahrain23 September 2013[2]
110Fiji13 November 2013[2]
111Uzbekistan29 November 2013[28]
112Republic of the Congo27 February 2014[29]
113Rwanda10 April 2014[30]
114Sudan10 April 2014[31]
115Iceland5 May 2014[29]
116Kiribati20 June 2014[2]
117Angola31 July 2014[29]
118Burkina Faso19 September 2014[32]
119Burundi31 October 2014[29]
120Turkmenistan27 August 2015[33]
121Marshall Islands29 September 2015[2]
122Costa Rica22 October 2015[34]
123New Zealand22 October 2015[35]
124Laos27 November 2015[36]
125Togo9 February 2016[37]
126Ivory Coast11 February 2016[38]
127Belarus15 April 2016[39]
128Hungary2 May 2016[40]
129Sri Lanka26 July 2016[2]
130Tajikistan13 January 2017[41]
131Kyrgyzstan9 March 2017[42]
132Cape Verde10 August 2017[2]
133Democratic Republic of the Congo5 July 2018[43]
134Kuwait19 July 2018[44]
135Vanuatu10 September 2018[2]
136Tunisia19 September 2018[45]
137Barbados5 December 2018[2]
138Lebanon22 January 2019[46]
139Antigua and Barbuda28 February 2019[47]
140Benin8 March 2019[46]
141Cambodia11 July 2019[48]
142Nicaragua4 September 2019[2]
143Namibia12 September 2019[2]
144Ghana29 September 2019[2]
145North Macedonia29 September 2019[2]
146Niger9 October 2019[46]
147Grenada13 October 2020[49]
148Ethiopia20 October 2020[50]
149Madagascar11 December 2020[51]
150Jordan29 April 2021[52]
151Guinea-Bissau17 May 2022[53]
152Mozambique20 October 2022[54]
153Saudi Arabia2 March 2023[2]
154Bangladesh13 June 2023[55]
155Bahamas17 April 2024[2]
156Nauru21 May 2024[2]
157Bolivia26 July 2024[2]
158Guinea3 April 2025[56]
159Federated States of Micronesia17 July 2025[2]
160Singapore23 September 2025[57]
161Trinidad and Tobago24 September 2025[2]
162Kenya14 October 2025[58]

Americas

[edit]
CountryFormal relations began onNotes
Canada13 March 2008
  • Canada is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris and maintains an honorary consulate in Monaco.[59]
  • Monaco is accredited to Canada from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States, and maintains honorary consulates inMontreal,Toronto andVancouver.[60]
Colombia15 December 2000
  • Colombia is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris.[61]
  • Monaco has an honorary consulate inBogotá.[62]
Mexico21 March 2008
  • Mexico is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris and maintains an honorary consulate in Monaco.[63]
  • Monaco has an honorary consulate inMexico City.[64]
United States7 December 2006

SeeMonaco–United States relations

  • The United States and Monaco enjoy excellent relations. From 1956 until her death in 1982, the American-bornGrace Kelly was married toPrince Rainier III,Prince Albert's father. The United States does not yet have a diplomatic mission located in Monaco but there is an embassy in Paris, and a consulate general in Marseille.
  • In December 2006, the United States and Monaco upgraded from consular to full diplomatic relations. Shortly thereafter,Craig Stapleton (ambassador to France) was accredited to Monaco, and ambassador Gilles Noghes became the first Monegasque ambassador to the United States.[65]
  • On December 3, 2013, Maguy Maccario Doylee replaced Noghes as the Principality's new emissary to Washington, DC, following her appointment byPrince Albert II ofMonaco. Ambassador Maccario Doyle is the first woman to hold the post at the embassy. She previously served as Consul General of Monaco in New York since 1997 and head of the Principality's Tourism Board in North America since the early 1990s.[66]
  • Monaco has an embassy inWashington, D.C. and a consulate-general inNew York City.[67]
  • The United States is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris.[68]

Asia

[edit]
CountryFormal relations began inNotes
ChinaJanuary 1995
India21 September 2007
  • India is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris, France.
Indonesia17 December 2010
  • Due to the resemblance of the colors red and white on their flags,[69] theMonégasque government asked Indonesia to modify itsflag during the International Hydrographic Congress on 29 April 1952.[70]
  • Indonesia has a non-resident embassy inParis.[71]
  • Monaco maintains an honorary consulate inJakarta.[71]
Israel30 November 2006
  • Israel is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris, France and has an honorary consulate in Monaco.
  • Monaco has an honorary consulate inRamat Gan.
Pakistan24 January 2009
  • Pakistan is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris[72] and an honorary consulate was inaugurated in 2012 in Monaco.[73]
  • Monaco maintains an honorary consulate inKarachi.[72]
South Korea14 June 2007

Diplomatic relations between South Korea and Monaco were established in June 2007.[74]

  • Monaco has an honorary consulate inSeoul.
  • South Korea is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris.[75]

Europe

[edit]
CountryFormal relations began onNotes
European Union

Monaco participates in a number ofEuropean Union policies through its interaction with France. Monaco is in the EU's customs and VAT area, is ade facto member of theSchengen Area due to its open border with France and uses the euro as its sole currency.

France29 April 1873

Formal relations were established in 1918. France has agreed to defend the independence and sovereignty of Monaco, while the Monegasque Government has agreed to exercise its sovereign rights in conformity with French interests. Since then, the relations between the sovereign states of France and Monaco have been further defined in the Treaty of 1945 and the Agreement of 1963.

In 2002, Monaco renegotiated its 1918 treaty with France. In 2005, it was ratified by both parties and entered into force. The terms of the treaty upgrade France's representation in Monaco from Consulate General to that of an embassy; permit, for the first time, other countries to accredit ambassadors to Monaco; and formally recognize the succession scheme set out in the 1962 Constitution, which extends eligibility to the Prince's daughters and other family members.

Holy See21 June 1875

It is part of Monaco's generally accepted cultural and political history that Monaco and the Holy See have maintained a diplomatic friendship bound by the Catholic faith since the founding of the Principality. Article 9 of the Monegasque Constitution, dated 17 December 1962, and modified in 2002, establishes the Catholic religion as the official religion of the sovereign state, which is a Catholic constitutional monarchy ruled by the CatholicGrimaldi dynasty. According to theAnnuario Pontificio, the official yearbook of the Holy See, Monaco has maintained a diplomatic representative to theHoly See with the rank ofminister plenipotentiary since 1915. In 1982, following the July 1981 signing of a new convention between Monaco and the Holy See reaffirming the close Catholic friendship and diplomatic relations which exists between the Catholic Principality and the Holy See, the rank of Monaco's diplomatic legation was elevated from that of a ministerial rank diplomatic legation to that of an embassy, with Cesar Charles Solamito, being elevated from the rank of minister plenipotentiary to ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary in June 1982. Ambassador Solamito served as Monaco's first ambassador to the Holy See until 1997. In 1999, the position of ambassador of Monaco to the Holy See was assumed by Monegasque ambassador Jean Claude Michel.

With respect to the Holy See, the Holy See has only maintained adiplomatic legation in Monaco since 2006. The appointment of a papal diplomatic representative to the Principality was subsequent to the revision of Monaco's treaty with France which was revised in 2002 and ratified in 2005. This revised treaty granted the Principality the sovereign prerogative of establishing formal diplomatic relations with other sovereign states at the highest diplomatic level, that of ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary—for the Holy See this means at the nunzorial level, i.e., that of an apostolic nunciature headed by an apostolic nuncio (apostolic nuncios normally hold the ecclesiastical rank of archbishop). The first, apostolic nuncio to represent the Holy See to Monaco, with residence and coterminous accreditation to the EU in Brussels, is Archbishop Andre Dupuy. Archbishop Dupuy presented his credentials to HSHPrince Albert II on 26 September 2006.[78]

  • The Holy See is accredited to Monaco from its apostolic nunciature in Paris.
  • Monaco has an embassy to the Holy See based in Rome.
Italy25 April 1875SeeItaly–Monaco relations
Norway16 November 2010
  • Norway is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris, France and maintains an honorary consulate in Monaco.[79][80]
  • Monaco maintains an honorary consulate inOslo.[81]
Russia31 May 2007
  • Monaco and Russia had bilateral relations since 1858, when Russia and Monaco signed treaties and agreements of extradition of criminals, of mutual legal assistance, on recognition of civil status of natural persons and of medical aid. However diplomatic relations were suspended in 1917.
  • Diplomatic relations were re-established in April 2002.
  • Monaco is accredited to Russia from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs based in Monaco and maintains honorary consulates inMoscow,Rostov-on-Don and inSaint Petersburg.
  • Russia is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris and maintains an honorary consulate in Monaco.
Spain2 June 1876
  • Monaco has an embassy inMadrid.
  • Spain is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris, France.
United Kingdom21 September 2007

Monaco establisheddiplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 21 September 2007.

  • Monaco maintains an embassy inLondon.[82]
  • The United Kingdom is not accredited to Monaco through an embassy; the UK develops relations through itsembassy in Paris, France.[83]

Both countries share common membership of theCouncil of Europe, theEuropean Court of Human Rights, theOSCE, and theUnited Nations. Bilaterally the two countries have a Tax Information Exchange Agreement.[84]

See also

[edit]

External links

[edit]

References

[edit]
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