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Foreign relations of Jamaica

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Jamaica has diplomatic relations with many nations and is a member of theUnited Nations and theOrganization of American States. Jamaica chairs the Working Group on smaller Economies.

Jamaica is an active member of theCommonwealth of Nations and the Non-Aligned Movement (G-77). Jamaica is a beneficiary of the Lome Conventions, through which the European Union (EU) grants trade preferences to selected states in Asia, the Caribbean, and the Pacific, and has played a leading role in the negotiations of the successor agreement in Fiji in 2000.

Jamaica has been a member ofThe Forum of Small States (FOSS) since the group's founding in 1992.[1]

Disputes - international:none

Illicit drugs:Transshipment point for cocaine from Central and South America to North America and Europe; illicit cultivation ofcannabis; government has an active manual cannabis eradication program

TheMinistry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade is the government ministry responsible for handling Jamaica's external relations and foreign trade.

History

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Historically, Jamaica has had close ties with the UK. Trade, financial, and cultural relations with the United States are now predominant. Jamaica is linked with the other countries of the English-speaking Caribbean through theCaribbean Community (CARICOM), and more broadly through theAssociation of Caribbean States (ACS). Jamaica has served two 2-year terms on theUnited Nations Security Council, in 1979-80 and 2000-2001.

In the follow-on meetings to the December 1994Summit of the Americas, Jamaica—together withUruguay—was given the responsibility of coordinating discussions on invigorating society.

Diplomatic relations

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List of countries which Jamaica maintains diplomatic relations with:

#Country[2]Date
1United Kingdom2 August 1962
2Canada2 August 1962
3Netherlands2 August 1962
4United States6 August 1962
5France6 August 1962
6Germany6 August 1962
7India12 August 1962
8Israel29 August 1962
9South Korea13 October 1962
10Brazil14 October 1962
11  Switzerland12 December 1962
12Luxembourg2 January 1963
13Pakistan19 January 1963
14Italy14 February 1963
15Argentina25 March 1963
16Lebanon7 May 1963
17Trinidad and Tobago18 June 1963
18Chile18 December 1963
19Japan16 March 1964
20Egypt10 June 1964
21Dominican Republic4 December 1964
22Colombia24 February 1965
23Venezuela25 March 1965
24Ethiopia22 March 1966
25Panama29 July 1966
26Spain21 December 1966
27Mexico4 February 1967
28Belgium25 July 1967
29Austria2 November 1967
30Sierra Leone15 November 1967
31Ghana8 May 1968
32Barbados6 September 1968
33Serbia11 October 1968[3]
34Guyana20 June 1969
35Peru29 April 1970
36Nigeria29 April 1970
37Zambia25 February 1971
38Turkey30 March 1971
39Tanzania6 April 1971
40Costa Rica21 July 1971
41Cyprus31 August 1972
42China21 November 1972
43Cuba8 December 1972
44Bahamas10 July 1973
45Ecuador10 September 1973
46Bangladesh5 November 1973
47Australia7 January 1974[4]
48Sweden5 February 1974
49Mauritius20 May 1974
50Romania21 August 1974
51New Zealand27 August 1974
52North Korea9 October 1974
53Denmark14 October 1974
54Kuwait14 November 1974
55Grenada21 January 1975
56Guinea30 January 1975
57Iraq30 January 1975
58Algeria30 January 1975
59Iran18 February 1975
60Honduras10 March 1975
61Russia12 March 1975
62Poland14 May 1975
63Greece15 May 1975
64Hungary2 June 1975
65Czech Republic3 June 1975[5]
66Nicaragua15 August 1975
67Burkina Faso20 September 1975
68Suriname26 November 1975
69Malaysia28 November 1975
70Vietnam5 January 1976
71Senegal8 January 1976
72Kenya19 March 1976
73Libya24 June 1976
74Saudi Arabia15 August 1976
75Bulgaria22 March 1977
76Norway7 October 1977
77Finland1 December 1977
78Dominica3 November 1978
79Seychelles15 January 1979
80Saint Lucia22 February 1979
81Portugal26 February 1979
82Niger25 June 1979
Holy See29 July 1979
83Mozambique7 August 1979
84Republic of the Congo6 September 1979
85Yemen12 September 1979
86Lesotho19 October 1979
87Fiji11 December 1979
88São Tomé and Príncipe29 February 1980
89Zimbabwe18 April 1980
90Philippines15 May 1980
91Haiti26 August 1981
92Indonesia17 December 1981
93Botswana4 May 1982
94Belize3 November 1982[6]
95Saint Vincent and the Grenadines3 December 1982[7]
96Antigua and Barbuda8 February 1983
97Saint Kitts and Nevis19 September 1983[8]
98Bolivia2 February 1984
99Thailand10 September 1984
100Uruguay23 May 1985
101Oman27 May 1986
102Vanuatu23 July 1987
103Maldives27 February 1990
104Namibia28 August 1990
105El Salvador13 November 1990
106Eswatini13 February 1991
107Papua New Guinea16 April 1991
108Cameroon26 September 1991
109Guatemala11 December 1991
110Latvia18 December 1991
111Ukraine7 July 1992
112Singapore1 November 1992
113Paraguay10 November 1992
114Slovakia1 January 1993
115Estonia16 February 1993
116Belarus6 June 1993
117South Africa9 September 1993
118Kazakhstan27 July 1995
119Lithuania20 October 1995[9]
120Gabon23 October 1995
121Azerbaijan22 November 1995
122Armenia1 December 1995
123Albania3 April 1996
124Moldova9 July 1996
125Turkmenistan16 July 1996
126Slovenia23 July 1996[10]
127Georgia31 July 1996
128Uzbekistan8 August 1996
129Bosnia and Herzegovina9 October 1996
130Croatia9 October 1996
131Ireland7 December 1997
132Sri Lanka29 September 1998
133Rwanda6 November 1998
134Cape Verde22 March 1999
135Laos27 August 1999
136Malawi30 September 1999
137Myanmar6 December 1999
138Kyrgyzstan25 February 2000
139Iceland23 May 2000
140Angola8 October 2002
141North Macedonia1 April 2003
Cook Islands14 May 2003
142Qatar27 June 2003
143Mali17 December 2003
144Malta27 October 2004
145Sudan19 September 2005
146Benin25 April 2006
147Morocco29 January 2008
148Monaco4 April 2008[11]
149Cambodia12 January 2010
150Montenegro12 November 2010
151Nauru24 February 2011
152United Arab Emirates4 March 2011
153Brunei20 June 2011
154Uganda21 September 2011
155Gambia29 November 2011
156Mongolia26 October 2012
157Solomon Islands3 July 2013
158Andorra23 September 2014[12]
159Timor-Leste27 September 2014[12]
160Equatorial Guinea18 May 2015[12]
161   Nepal1 October 2015[12]
162Tajikistan11 December 2017[12]
163Bahrain28 September 2018[12]
164San Marino29 September 2020[12]
165Togo23 November 2021[12]
166Kiribati26 April 2022[13]
167Samoa26 April 2022[14]
168Palau28 April 2022[15]
169Liberia22 September 2022[12]
170Marshall Islands23 September 2022[12]
171Liechtenstein18 September 2023[12]
172Jordan23 September 2023[16]
173Eritrea17 November 2023[17]
174Tunisia26 September 2024[12]
175Ivory Coast16 December 2024[12]

Bilateral relations

[edit]
CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Belize3 November 1982

Belize and Jamaica are two of fifteencommonwealth realms, members of: the Association of Caribbean States, the Caribbean Community, the Belt & Road Initiative, the Caribbean Development Bank, the Commonwealth of Nations, ECLAC, EU-CARIFORUM, the Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States, the Organization of American States, the Small Island Developing States, and the United Nations.

Brazil14 October 1962SeeJamaica–Brazil relations

Jamaica and Brazil established diplomatic relations on October 14, 1962. Both countries are full members of theGroup of 15.

Canada1962SeeCanada–Jamaica relations

Canada and Jamaica are two of fifteencommonwealth realms, members of: the Commonwealth of Nations, the Organization of American States, and the United Nations.Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1962. Since March 4, 1963, Canada has a high commission inKingston. Jamaica has a high commission inOttawa. On April 15, 2009, CanadianPrime MinisterStephen Harper became the first Canadian head of government to address theJamaican parliament. There are 231,000 people of Jamaican descent living in Canada. Jamaican-Canadians celebrate their island heritage through festivals held in major cities across Canada, the most recognized of which isCaribana. Caribana is held inToronto,Ontario every year and attracts over one million visitors to the region, many of whom fly all the way from Jamaica.

Cuba1972SeeCuba–Jamaica relations

Prime MinisterPercival James Patterson visited Cuba at the end of May 1997. In the fall of 1997, Jamaica upgraded its consulate in Havana to an embassy, and the nonresident Jamaican ambassador toCuba was replaced by a resident ambassador.

China21 November 1972SeeChina–Jamaica relations

Relations from November 21, 1972. China has an embassy in Kingston, Jamaica. Jamaica has an embassy inBeijing.

GhanaSeeGhana-Jamaica relations

Ghana, as the formerGold Coast, and Jamaica share historical links through theslave trade and forcedAshanti/Akan emigration to the Caribbean. Ghana and Jamaica have a Joint Permanent Commission, and there are plans for Ghanaian investment in Jamaica.

Guyana26 May 1966
Haiti

Haiti has an embassy in Kingston and Jamaica has an honorary consul inPort-au-Prince, Haiti.

In January, 2007, Haitian presidentRené Préval, made a four-day working visit to Jamaica. At a press conference, Jamaican prime ministerPortia Simpson Miller announced that a Joint Jamaica/Haiti Commission would be convened later that year.[19]

IndiaSeeIndia–Jamaica relations

Both nations inherited many cultural and political connections from British colonisation, such as membership in theCommonwealth of Nations, parliamentary democracy, the English language and cricket.[20]

India has a High Commission in Kingston,[21] whilst Jamaica has a consulate in New Delhi.[22]

MalaysiaSeeJamaica–Malaysia relations
Mexico18 March 1966SeeJamaica–Mexico relations

Both nations established diplomatic relations on 18 March 1966.

Netherlands
  • Jamaica is accredited to the Netherlands from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium.
  • the Netherlands is accredited to Jamaica from its embassy in Havana, Cuba.
South Korea13 October 1962

The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and the Jamaica started on October 13, 1962 .[25]

Turkey1970[27]See Jamaica–Turkey relations
  • Turkish Embassy inHavana is accredited toJamaica.[28]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was US$90.5 million in 2019 (Jamaican exports/imports: US$0.5/90 million).[28]
United Kingdom1962SeeJamaica–United Kingdom relations

The UK establisheddiplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 2 August 1962.[29] Both countries areCommonwealth Realms.

The UK governedJamaica from 1655 to 1962, when Jamaica achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of theCaribbean Development Bank, theCommonwealth, theInternational Criminal Court, and theWorld Trade Organization, as well as theCARIFORUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.[32] Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.[33]

United StatesSeeJamaica–United States relations
Embassy of Jamaica in Washington, D.C.

The United States maintains close and productive relations with the Government of Jamaica. Former prime ministerPatterson visited Washington, DC, several times after assuming office in 1992. In April 2001, Prime Minister Patterson and other Caribbean leaders met with PresidentGeorge W. Bush during theSummit of the Americas in Quebec, Canada, at which a "Third Border Initiative" was launched to deepen U.S. cooperation with Caribbean nations and enhance economic development and integration of the Caribbean nations. Then-Prime MinisterPortia Simpson Miller attended the "Conference on the Caribbean--A 20/20 Vision" in Washington in June 2007.

President Barack Obama visited the island on April 9. 2015. President Obama managed to squeeze in some fun in between meetings with Jamaican and Caribbean leaders on his trip to Jamaica this week—from paying homage to reggae star Bob Marley to practising his own Jamaican accent.

The United States is Jamaica's most important trading partner: bilateral trade in goods in 2005 was over $2 billion. Jamaica is a popular destination for Americantourists; more than 1.2 million Americans visited in 2006. Also, some 10,000 Americancitizens, including many dual-nationals born on the island, permanently reside in Jamaica.

Jamaica maintains economic and cultural relations withTaiwan viaTaipei Economic and Cultural Office in Canada.

Jamaica and the Commonwealth

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Jamaica has been a member state of theCommonwealth of Nations since 1962 when it became an independentCommonwealth realm.

Multilateral membership

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See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^50 Years of Singapore and the United Nations. World Scientific. 2015.ISBN 978-981-4713-03-0..
  2. ^"Countries with which Jamaica has Established Diplomatic Relations". 16 April 2021. Archived fromthe original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved16 April 2021.
  3. ^"Ministry paper no. 57 - Jamaica at the United Nations, 1968"(PDF). 1969. p. 21. Retrieved4 September 2022.
  4. ^Australian Government Digest Volume 2, Issues 1-2. Australian Government Pub. Services. 1974. p. 66.... 7 January 1974 The Minister for Foreign Affairs , Senator Don Willesee , announced today the establishment of diplomatic relations with the Bahamas , Barbados , Guyana , Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago .
  5. ^Petruf, Pavol.Československá zahraničná politika 1945 – 1992 (in Slovak). p. 112.
  6. ^ab"Archived copy"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2017-12-30. Retrieved2019-02-24.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  7. ^Latin America Report No. 2636: ... FRG, Jamaician envoy visits. United States Joint Publications Research Service. 24 January 1983. p. 180.
  8. ^"Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Saint Kitts and Nevis. Retrieved1 April 2021.
  9. ^"Jamaica".Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Lithuania. Retrieved28 May 2025.
  10. ^"Skupno sporočilo o vzpostavitvi diplomatskih odnosov med Republiko Slovenijo in Jamajko".Pravno-Informacijski Sistem Republike Slovenije (in Slovenian).Archived from the original on 28 May 2025. Retrieved28 May 2025.
  11. ^"Presentation of Credentials by H.E. Mrs Marcia Yvette GILBERT-ROBERTS, Ambassador of Jamaica to the Principality of Monaco". 4 April 2008. Retrieved30 November 2021.
  12. ^abcdefghijklm"Diplomatic relations between Jamaica and ..." Retrieved4 September 2022.
  13. ^"JAMAICA AND THE REPUBLIC OF KIRIBATI ESTABLISH DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS". 29 April 2022. Retrieved29 June 2022.
  14. ^"JAMAICA AND THE INDEPENDENT STATE OF SAMOA ESTABLISH DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS". 29 April 2022. Retrieved29 June 2022.
  15. ^"JAMAICA AND THE REPUBLIC OF PALAU ESTABLISH DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS". 29 April 2022. Retrieved29 June 2022.
  16. ^"Pleased to join Jamaica FM kaminajsmith in announcing the establishment of diplomatic relations between our countries". 23 September 2023. Retrieved24 September 2023.
  17. ^"Eritrea: President Isaias Receives Credentials of Ambassadors". 17 November 2023. Retrieved17 November 2023.
  18. ^"Countries with which Guyana has Establishment Diplomatic Relations – Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation| Co-operative Republic of Guyana". Archived fromthe original on 2019-02-16. Retrieved2019-02-24.
  19. ^Caribbean Net NewsJamaica and Haiti to deepen diplomatic relationsArchived 2007-08-05 at theWayback Machine, January 6, 2007
  20. ^"India High Commission: India - Jamaica Relations". Archived fromthe original on 2012-06-18. Retrieved2013-01-06.
  21. ^India High Commission
  22. ^"Jamaican High Commissions". Congenjamaica-ny.org. Archived fromthe original on 2015-02-21. Retrieved2015-03-10.
  23. ^Embassy of Jamaica in Mexico CityArchived 2016-04-19 at theWayback Machine
  24. ^Embassy of Mexico in Kingston (in English and Spanish)
  25. ^"Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea". Archived fromthe original on 2014-01-22.
  26. ^"주 자메이카 대한민국 대사관(주킹스턴분관)".
  27. ^"II.Bilateral Relations (Main Documents)". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey.
  28. ^ab"Relations between Turkey and Jamaica".
  29. ^Hartman Reckord, Elaine (28 October 2022)."Jamaica and UK Celebrate 60 Years of Diplomatic Relations".Jamaica Information Service.Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved13 August 2024.
  30. ^Diplomat Magazine (1 November 2015)."Jamaica".Diplomat Magazine.Archived from the original on 29 April 2017. Retrieved5 May 2025.
  31. ^"British High Commission Kingston".GOV.UK.Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved13 August 2024.
  32. ^Partington, Richard (22 March 2019)."UK secures post-Brexit trade deal with group of Caribbean countries".The Guardian.Archived from the original on 29 August 2023. Retrieved11 December 2023.
  33. ^"Jamaica - United Kingdom BIT (1987)".UN Trade and Development.Archived from the original on 30 May 2023. Retrieved12 August 2024.
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^These three form theSSS islands that with the ABC islands comprise theDutch Caribbean, of which*theBES islands are not directKingdom constituents but subsumed with the country of theNetherlands.

Physiographically, thesecontinental islands are not part of the volcanic Windward Islands arc, although sometimes grouped with them culturally and politically.

ǂDisputed territories administered byGuyana.~Disputed territories administered byColombia.

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