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Foreign relations of Azerbaijan

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Judiciary
Administrative divisions
flagAzerbaijan portal

TheRepublic of Azerbaijan is a member of theUnited Nations, theNon-Aligned Movement, theOrganization for Security and Cooperation in Europe,NATO'sPartnership for Peace, theEuro-Atlantic Partnership Council, theWorld Health Organization, theEuropean Bank for Reconstruction and Development; theCouncil of Europe,CFE Treaty, theCommunity of Democracies; theInternational Monetary Fund; and theWorld Bank.

List

[edit]

List of countries which Azerbaijan maintains diplomatic relations with:

#CountryDate[1]
1Turkey14 January 1992
2Liechtenstein21 January 1992
3  Switzerland21 January 1992
4North Korea30 January 1992
5Ukraine6 February 1992
6Mexico10 February 1992
7Spain11 February 1992
8Austria20 February 1992
9Germany20 February 1992
10France21 February 1992
11Poland21 February 1992
12Saudi Arabia24 February 1992
13Yemen25 February 1992
14Bangladesh26 February 1992
15India28 February 1992
16United States28 February 1992
17Guinea11 March 1992
18Nigeria11 March 1992
19United Kingdom11 March 1992
20Iran12 March 1992
21Libya16 March 1992
22South Korea23 March 1992
23Finland24 March 1992
24Cuba27 March 1992
25Egypt27 March 1992
26Philippines27 March 1992
27Syria28 March 1992
28Iraq30 March 1992
29Netherlands1 April 1992
30China2 April 1992
31Denmark2 April 1992
32Greece2 April 1992
33Russia4 April 1992
34Israel7 April 1992
—State of Palestine15 April 1992
35Mongolia16 April 1992
36Estonia20 April 1992
37Hungary27 April 1992
38South Africa29 April 1992
39Sweden8 May 1992
40Italy8 May 1992
—Holy See23 May 1992
41Moldova29 May 1992
42Tajikistan29 May 1992
43Luxembourg1 June 1992
44Norway5 June 1992
45Bulgaria5 June 1992
46Portugal5 June 1992
47Pakistan9 June 1992
48Turkmenistan9 June 1992
49Belgium17 June 1992
50Australia19 June 1992
51Romania19 June 1992
52New Zealand29 June 1992
53Thailand7 July 1992
54Canada10 July 1992
55Oman13 July 1992
56Sudan25 July 1992
57Sri Lanka4 August 1992
58Guinea-Bissau27 August 1992
59Morocco28 August 1992
60Kazakhstan30 August 1992
61United Arab Emirates1 September 1992
62Japan7 September 1992
63Ghana11 September 1992
64Vietnam23 September 1992
65Indonesia24 September 1992
66Lebanon28 September 1992
67Ethiopia2 November 1992
68Georgia18 November 1992
69Kyrgyzstan19 January 1993
70Czech Republic29 January 1993
71Jordan13 February 1993
72Malaysia5 April 1993
73Madagascar26 May 1993
74Belarus11 June 1993
75Albania23 September 1993
76Brazil21 October 1993[2][3]
77Argentina8 November 1993
78Zambia18 November 1993
79Latvia11 January 1994
80Algeria22 April 1994
81Singapore15 August 1994
82Qatar14 September 1994
83Kuwait10 October 1994
84Mauritania29 October 1994
85Guatemala1 November 1994
86Seychelles2 November 1994
87Chile3 November 1994
88Gambia11 November 1994
89Afghanistan16 November 1994
90Nicaragua23 November 1994
91Angola1 December 1994
92Colombia12 December 1994
93Honduras22 December 1994
94Cambodia28 December 1994
95Malta9 January 1995
96Uruguay11 January 1995
97Croatia26 January 1995
98Bosnia and Herzegovina9 February 1995
99Cameroon24 February 1995
100   Nepal28 February 1995
101Burundi2 March 1995
102Sierra Leone13 March 1995
103Saint Kitts and Nevis22 March 1995[4]
104Antigua and Barbuda5 April 1995[5]
105Panama6 April 1995
106Venezuela12 May 1995
107Laos22 May 1995
108Mozambique20 June 1995
109North Macedonia28 June 1995
110Uganda19 August 1995
111Guyana1 September 1995[6]
112Uzbekistan2 October 1995
113Niger10 October 1995
114Lithuania20 November 1995
115Jamaica22 November 1995
116Brunei24 November 1995
117Slovenia20 February 1996
118Senegal14 March 1996
119Andorra30 April 1996
120Liberia22 May 1996
121Peru25 June 1996
122Ireland1 July 1996
123Bolivia8 July 1996
124Mauritius19 July 1996
125Gabon1 October 1996
126Djibouti22 October 1996
127Bahrain6 November 1996
128Ivory Coast19 November 1996
129Slovakia23 November 1996
130Mali26 November 1996
131Costa Rica15 January 1997
132Serbia21 August 1997
133Iceland27 February 1998
134Tunisia1 July 1998
135El Salvador23 March 1999
136Myanmar3 August 1999
137Benin14 October 1999
138Suriname11 February 2000[7]
139San Marino19 April 2002
140Belize24 June 2002[7]
141Haiti9 May 2003[7]
142Saint Vincent and the Grenadines23 May 2003[7]
143Cape Verde22 March 2004
144Ecuador22 March 2004[7]
145Somalia22 March 2004
146Chad5 April 2004
147Timor-Leste5 April 2004
148Eritrea20 April 2004
149Paraguay20 April 2004
150Malawi21 May 2004
151Burkina Faso28 May 2004
152Kenya28 May 2004
153Rwanda28 May 2004
154Equatorial Guinea11 November 2004
155Nauru11 November 2004[7]
156Maldives15 June 2006[7]
157Dominican Republic27 November 2007[7]
158Monaco19 December 2007
159Montenegro24 April 2008
160Zimbabwe24 October 2008
161Tuvalu9 September 2009[7]
162Comoros1 January 2010[7]
163Eswatini7 January 2010
164Marshall Islands10 March 2010[7]
165Saint Lucia11 March 2010[7]
166Fiji18 March 2010
167Grenada23 September 2010[8]
168Togo28 December 2010
169Solomon Islands8 February 2011[7]
170Dominica4 March 2011[7]
171Trinidad and Tobago11 April 2011[9]
172Democratic Republic of the Congo23 September 2011
173Lesotho28 September 2012
174South Sudan23 October 2012
175Bhutan7 February 2013
176Bahamas2 May 2017[7]
177Vanuatu22 September 2017[7]
178Samoa19 January 2018[7]
179Palau1 February 2018[7]
180Republic of the Congo19 March 2018
181São Tomé and Príncipe25 September 2018
182Tanzania7 February 2019
183Barbados2 August 2019[7]
184Namibia17 October 2019
185Papua New Guinea5 May 2023[7]
—Cook Islands29 April 2025[10]
186Botswana11 November 2025[11]

Information on some of the countries with which Azerbaijan maintains formal relations

[edit]

Multilateral

[edit]
OrganizationFormal Relations BeganNotes
Council of EuropeSeeAzerbaijan in the Council of Europe
  • Azerbaijan joined theCouncil of Europe as a full member on 25 January 2001.
  • The Azerbaijani Permanent Mission to the Council of Europe is based inStrasbourg, France.
  • The Council of Europe maintains an office inBaku, Azerbaijan.
European Union1996[12]SeeAzerbaijan–European Union relations
  • Azerbaijan is not a member of theEuropean Union.
  • The Mission of Azerbaijan to the European Union is located inBrussels, Belgium.
  • The Delegation of the European Union to Azerbaijan Office is located in Baku, Azerbaijan.
NATO1992[13]SeeAzerbaijan–NATO relations
  • Azerbaijan is not a member ofNATO.
  • Azerbaijan joined the NATOPartnership for Peace on 4 May 1994.
  • The Azerbaijani Permanent Mission to NATO is based inBrussels, Belgium.
 Turkic States2009[14]SeeAzerbaijan–Turkic Council relations

Africa

[edit]
CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
 Burkina Faso31 May 2004[15]SeeAzerbaijan–Burkina Faso relations
 DR Congo23 October 2011[16]SeeAzerbaijan–DR Congo relations
 Djibouti22 October 1996[17]SeeAzerbaijan–Djibouti relations
 Egypt27 March 1992
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy inCairo.
  • Egypt has an embassy in Baku.
 Ethiopia2 November 1992[18]SeeAzerbaijan–Ethiopia relations
 Gambia11 November 1994[19]SeeAzerbaijan–Gambia relations
 Kenya31 May 2004[15]SeeAzerbaijan–Kenya relations
 Libya16 March 1992[20]SeeAzerbaijan–Libya relations
 Morocco25 December 1992[21]SeeAzerbaijan–Morocco relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy inRabat since 2005.
  • Morocco has an embassy in Baku.
 Senegal14 March 1996[22]SeeAzerbaijan–Senegal relations
 South Africa29 April 1992[23]SeeAzerbaijan–South Africa relations
 Tunisia1 July 1998[24]See Azerbaijan–Tunisia relations

Americas

[edit]
CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
 Argentina8 November 1992[25]SeeArgentina–Azerbaijan relations
 Brazil21 October 1993[28]SeeAzerbaijan–Brazil relations
 Canada10 July 1992[31]SeeAzerbaijan–Canada relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy inOttawa.[32]
  • Canada is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.[33]
 Colombia13 December 1994[34]SeeAzerbaijan–Colombia relations
 Cuba27 March 1992[36]SeeAzerbaijan–Cuba relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy inHavana.
  • Cuba has an embassy in Baku.
 Ecuador22 March 2004[37]SeeAzerbaijan–Ecuador relations
 Mexico14 January 1992[38]SeeAzerbaijan–Mexico relations
 Nicaragua10 February 1994[41]SeeAzerbaijan–Nicaragua relations
  • Azerbaijan is represented in Nicaragua through its embassy in Havana, Cuba.
  • Nicaragua is represented in Azerbaijan through its embassy in Moscow, Russia.[42]
 Paraguay20 April 2004[43]SeeAzerbaijan–Paraguay relations
  • Azerbaijan is represented in Paraguay through its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Paraguay is represented in Azerbaijan through its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.
 Peru25 June 1996[44]SeeAzerbaijan–Peru relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy inLima.
  • Peru has an embassy in Baku.[45]
 United States1919,
28 February 1992		SeeAzerbaijan–United States relations

On 25 December 1991 PresidentGeorge H. W. Bush announced that the United States recognized the independence of all 12former Soviet republics, including Azerbaijan.[46]

 Uruguay12 January 1995[49]SeeAzerbaijan–Uruguay relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy inMontevideo.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran.
 Venezuela12 May 1995[50]SeeAzerbaijan–Venezuela relations
  • Azerbaijan does not have an accreditation to Venezuela.
  • Venezuela has an embassy in Baku.

Asia

[edit]
CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
 Armenia1918–1921

Armenia and Azerbaijan do not have formal relations since that time

SeeArmenia–Azerbaijan relations,First Nagorno-Karabakh War,Second Nagorno-Karabakh war

The neighboring nations of Armenia and Azerbaijan have had formal governmental relations between 1918 and 1921, when both countries were briefly independent. The two nations have fought three wars in the1918–20 (Armenian–Azerbaijani War), the1988–94 (Nagorno-Karabakh War), and the2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, with the last two ending in ceasefire agreements - theBishkek Protocol and the2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement respectively. There are no formal diplomatic relations between the two countries, because of the ongoing Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and dispute. In 2008, Azerbaijani presidentIlham Aliyev declared, "Nagorno Karabakh will never be independent; the position is backed by international mediators as well; Armenia has to accept the reality," and "in 1918,Yerevan was granted to theArmenians. It was a great mistake. Thekhanate of Iravan was theAzerbaijani territory, the Armenians were guests here."[51]

During the Soviet period, many Armenians and Azerbaijanis lived side by side in peace. However, whenMikhail Gorbachev introduced the policies ofGlasnost andPerestroika, the majority of Armenians from theNagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO) of theAzerbaijan SSR began a movement to unify with theArmenian SSR. In 1988, the Armenians of Karabakh voted to secede and join Armenia. This, along with mutual massacres in Azerbaijan and Armenia resulted in the conflict that became known as theNagorno-Karabakh War. The violence resulted inde facto Armenian control of former NKAO and seven surrounding Azerbaijani regions, which was effectively halted when both sides agrees to observe a cease-fire, which has since been in effect since May 1994, and in late 1995 both also agreed to mediation of theOSCE Minsk Group. The Minsk Group is currently co-chaired by the U.S., France, and Russia and comprises Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, and several Western European nations. Despite the cease fire, up to 40 clashes are reported along the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict lines of control each year.[citation needed]

The two countries are still technically at war. Citizens of the Republic of Armenia, as well as citizens of any other country who are ofArmenian descent, are forbidden entry to the Republic of Azerbaijan.

If a person's passport shows any evidence of travel to Nagorno-Karabakh, they are forbidden entry to the Republic of Azerbaijan.[52]

In 2008, in what became known as the2008 Mardakert Skirmishes, Armenia and Azerbaijan clashed over Nagorno-Karabakh. The fighting between the two sides was brief, with few casualties on either side.[53]

As of July 2020, the new round of military escalation along the border between Armenia and Azerbaijan continued, thus making it one of the most explosive regions in Eurasia.[54]

On 27 September 2020, a newmilitary conflict emerged between Azerbaijan and Armenia.[55] The following day, on 28 September 2020, Azerbaijan's President Ilham Aliyev signed a decree declaring a partial military mobilisation following clashes with Armenian forces over the Nagorno-Karabakh region.[56] Anarmistice agreement between the two countries was signed on 10 November 2020, returning control of theterritories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh to Azerbaijan.

On 8 August 2025, in a press conference at theWhite House, the leaders of Armenia and Azerbaijan agreed to a peace deal, ending the conflict after over three decades.[57]

 Bangladesh30 December 1991[58]SeeAzerbaijan–Bangladesh relations
  • On 30 December 1991, Bangladesh recognized the independence of Azerbaijan.
  • Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on 26 February 1992.
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to Bangladesh from its embassy inNew Delhi, India.
  • Bangladesh has a consulate in Baku.
 China2 April 1992SeeAzerbaijan–China relations
 India28 February 1992SeeAzerbaijan-India relations
  • India recognized the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan on 26 December 1991.
  • Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on 28 February 1992.
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy inNew Delhi.
  • India has an embassy inBaku.
 Indonesia24 September 1992SeeAzerbaijan-Indonesia relations
  • On 28 September 1991, the Republic of Indonesia recognized the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
  • On 24 September 1992, diplomatic relations were established between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Indonesia.
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Jakarta.
  • Indonesia has an embassy inBaku.
 Iran1918,
12 March 1992		SeeAzerbaijan–Iran relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy inTehran. and a consulate general inTabriz.
  • Iran has an embassy inBaku. and a consulate general inNakhchivan.
  • Both countries are full members of the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC).
  • Iran recognized Azerbaijan on 4 January 1992, upgraded its consulate inBaku to establish full diplomatic relations.[46][60]
 Iraq2 January 1992SeeAzerbaijan–Iraq relations
  • On 2 January 1992, Iraq recognized the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
  • On 30 March 1992, diplomatic relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Iraq were established.
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Baghdad.
  • Iraq has an embassy inBaku.
 Israel7 April 1992SeeAzerbaijan–Israel relations
  • Azerbaijan is one of the few majority Muslim countries to develop bilateral strategic and economic relations with Israel.[61]
  • Israel was one of the first countries to recognize Azerbaijan on 25 December 1991.[62]
 Japan7 September 1992SeeAzerbaijan–Japan relations
 Jordan13 February 1993[65][66]SeeAzerbaijan–Jordan relations
  • On 28 December 1991, Jordan recognized the independence of Azerbaijan.
  • On 13 February 1993, a protocol on establishing diplomatic relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan was signed.
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy inAmman.
  • Jordan has an embassy inBaku.
 Kazakhstan27 August 1992SeeAzerbaijan–Kazakhstan relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy inAstana.
  • Kazakhstan has an embassy in Baku since 16 December 1994.
 Kyrgyzstan19 January 1993SeeAzerbaijan-Kyrgyzstan relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy inBishkek.
  • Kyrgyzstan has an embassy in Baku.
 Laos22 May 1995SeeAzerbaijan–Laos relations
 Lebanon18 September 1992[67]SeeAzerbaijan–Lebanon relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy inBeirut.
  • Lebanon is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran.
 Malaysia31 December 1991SeeAzerbaijan–Malaysia relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has an embassy in Baku[68]
  • Malaysia recognizes the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan on 31 December 1991 and on 5 April 1993 diplomatic relations were established.
 Qatar14 September 1994SeeAzerbaijan–Qatar relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy inDoha.
  • Qatar has an embassy in Baku.
 Pakistan9 June 1992SeeAzerbaijan–Pakistan relations
 Palestine15 April 1992SeeAzerbaijan–Palestine relations
  • Palestine has an embassy in Baku since 2011.
 Philippines27 March 1992[73]SeeAzerbaijan–Philippines relations
  • Azerbaijan has a consulate inManila.
  • Philippines is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy inAnkara.
 Saudi Arabia24 February 1992[74]SeeAzerbaijan–Saudi Arabia relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy inRiyadh since 1994.
  • Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Baku since 1999.
  • Due to its support of Azerbaijan in theNagorno-Karabakh conflict, Saudi Arabia refuses to establish diplomatic relations with Armenia.[75]
 South Korea23 March 1992SeeAzerbaijan–South Korea relations
  • Azerbaijani embassy in Seoul.[76]
  • South Korean embassy in Baku.[77]
  • Bilateral Trade agreement was signed in 2014
    • Exports US$269.5 million.
    • Imports US$0.54 million.
Syria28 March 1992[78]SeeAzerbaijan–Syria relations

Syria is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy inTehran,Iran.

 Thailand7 July 1992[79]SeeAzerbaijan–Thailand relations
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to Thailand from its embassy inKuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
  • Thailand has a consulate in Baku.
 Turkey14 Jan. 1992[80]SeeAzerbaijan–Turkey relations
 Turkmenistan9 June 1992[82]SeeAzerbaijan–Turkmenistan relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy inAshgabat.
  • Turkmenistan has an embassy in Baku.
  • The Azerbaijan-Turkmenistan inter-parliamentary friendship group functions in the Milli Majlis (Parliament) of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Turkmenistan-Azerbaijan inter-parliamentary friendship group works in the Majlis of Turkmenistan.[83]
 Uzbekistan2 October 1995[84]SeeAzerbaijan–Uzbekistan relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy inTashkent.
  • Uzbekistan has an embassy in Baku.
 Vietnam23 September 1992[85]SeeAzerbaijan–Vietnam relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy inHanoi.
  • Vietnam is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy inMoscow.
 Yemen25 February 1992[86]SeeAzerbaijan–Yemen relations
  • Yemen is accredited to Azerbaijan via its embassy inAnkara.

Europe

[edit]
CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
 Albania23 September 1992[87]SeeAlbania–Azerbaijan relations
 Austria20 February 1992SeeAustria–Azerbaijan relations
 Belarus11 June 1993SeeAzerbaijan–Belarus relations
 Belgium17 June 1992SeeAzerbaijan–Belgium relations
 Bosnia and Herzegovina19 February 1995[92]SeeAzerbaijan–Bosnia and Herzegovina relations
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on 9 February 1995. Diplomatic relations were established between the two countries on the same day.[93]
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Ankara.
 Bulgaria5 June 1992SeeAzerbaijan—Bulgaria relations
 Croatia26 January 1995SeeAzerbaijan–Croatia relations
 CyprusAzerbaijan formally recognizes the government of the Republic of Cyprus as the sole representative of the island, but has not yet established diplomatic relations with Cyprus. The parliament of Azerbaijan'sNakhchivan Autonomous Republic issued a resolution recognizing the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus as a sovereign state. While this recognition is not regarded by Azerbaijan and internationally as 'official state-to-state', Azerbaijan itself maintained cordial unofficial relations with theTRNC. In 2004, Azerbaijan threatened to formally recognize the TRNC if theAnnan Plan was voted down by the Greek Cypriots (who rejected the plan in one of twin referendums held 24 April 2004 in both the Greek and Turkish zones simultaneously), but backed off the threat when it was pointed out by Cyprus that doing so would be hypocritical, as a portion of its territory just like that of Cyprus itself is under occupation and would probably result in negative impact on its ongoing dispute with Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh.[97]
 Czech Republic29 January 1993SeeAzerbaijan–Czech Republic relations
 Denmark2 April 1992[99]SeeAzerbaijan-Denmark relations
  • The Kingdom of Denmark recognized the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan on 31 December 1991.
  • Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on 2 April 1992.[100]
  • Denmark has a consulate in Baku.
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to Denmark from its embassy in London.
 Estonia20 April 1992SeeAzerbaijan-Estonia relations
  • Estonia recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on 20 February 1992.
  • Diplomatic relations between Azerbaijan and Estonia have been established since 20 April 1992.
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy inTallinn.
  • Estonia has an embassy inBaku.
 Finland24 March 1992
  • The Republic of Finland recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on 30 December 1991.[101]
  • Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on 24 March 1992.[101]
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to Finland from its embassy inStockholm.
  • Finland has a consulate inBaku.
 France21 February 1992SeeAzerbaijan—France relations
 Georgia1918,
18 November 1992		SeeAzerbaijan–Georgia relations
 Germany20 February 1992[104]SeeAzerbaijan–Germany relations
 Greece2 April 1992SeeAzerbaijan–Greece relations
 Holy See23 May 1992SeeAzerbaijan–Holy See relations
  • Diplomatic relations with the Holy See were established on 23 May 1992.[108]
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to the Holy See through its embassy in Paris, France.[108]
  • The Holy See is accredited to Azerbaijan through itsnunciature in Ankara, Turkey.[108]
Hungary Hungary27 April 1992SeeAzerbaijan–Hungary relations
 Iceland27 February 1998[110]SeeAzerbaijan–Iceland relations
  • Iceland recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on 19 January 1992.[110]
  • Diplomatic relations were established between the two countries on 27 February 1998.[110]
  • Iceland is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy inMoscow.
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to Iceland from its embassy inLondon.
Republic of Ireland Ireland1 July 1996See Azerbaijan–Ireland relations
  • Azerbaijan is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London (United Kingdom).[111]
  • Ireland is represented in Azerbaijan through its embassy inAnkara (Turkey).
 Italy8 May 1992SeeAzerbaijan–Italy relations
 Latvia11 January 1994SeeAzerbaijan—Latvia relations
 Lithuania27 November 1995SeeAzerbaijan—Lithuania relations
 Moldova21 December 1991[115]SeeAzerbaijan–Moldova relations
 Montenegro24 April 2008SeeAzerbaijan–Montenegro relations

Azerbaijan recognized the independence ofMontenegro on 24 July 2006. On 24 April 2008, diplomatic relations between these two countries were established.

 Netherlands1 April 1992SeeAzerbaijan–Netherlands relations
 North Macedonia28 June 1995[118]SeeAzerbaijan—North Macedonia relations
  • North Macedonia has an economic office in Baku.
 Poland21 February 1992SeeAzerbaijan-Poland relations
 Portugal5 June 1992[119]SeeAzerbaijan–Portugal relations
  • Portugal recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on 7 January 1992.[119]
  • Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on 5 June 1992.[119]
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to Portugal from its embassy inRabat, Morocco.
  • Portugal is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.
 Romania21 June 1992SeeAzerbaijan–Romania relations
 Russia4 April 1992SeeAzerbaijan–Russia relations
 Serbia21 August 1997SeeAzerbaijan–Serbia relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy inBelgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy inBaku.
 Slovakia23 November 1993[121]SeeAzerbaijan–Slovakia relations
  • Azerbaijan has a consulate inBratislava.
  • Slovakia has an embassy in Baku.
 Slovenia20 February 1996[122]SeeAzerbaijan–Slovenia relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy inLjubljana.
  • Slovenia has a consulate in Baku.
 Spain11 February 1992[123]SeeAzerbaijan–Spain relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy inMadrid.
  • Spain is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey and maintains an embassy office in Baku.
  • Both countries are full members of theCouncil of Europe.
 Sweden8 May 1992SeeAzerbaijan–Sweden relations
  Switzerland21 January 1992SeeAzerbaijan–Switzerland relations
 Ukraine1919,
6 February 1992		SeeAzerbaijan–Ukraine relations
 United Kingdom1918,
11 March 1992		SeeAzerbaijan – United Kingdom relations

Azerbaijan establisheddiplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 11 March 1992.

  • Azerbaijan maintains anembassy inLondon.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Azerbaijan through its embassy in Baku.[131]

Both countries share common membership of theCouncil of Europe,European Court of Human Rights, and theOSCE. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement,[132] and an Investment Agreement.[133]

Oceania

[edit]
CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
 Australia19 June 1992[134]SeeAustralia–Azerbaijan relations
  • Australia is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy inCanberra.
 New Zealand29 June 1992[135]SeeAzerbaijan–New Zealand relations
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to New Zealand from its embassy in Canberra, Australia.
  • New Zealand is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.

International organizations

[edit]

Disputes

[edit]

Nagorno-Karabakh

[edit]
See also:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

The frozen conflict over currently largely Armenian-populated region of Nagorno-Karabakh within theRepublic of Azerbaijan began when in 1988 the Armenian majority of Nagorno-Karabakh demanded autonomy with demonstrations and persecutions against ethnic Azeris following in Armenia. This led toanti-Armenian rioting in Azerbaijan, with Azerbaijani militias beginning their effort to expel Armenians from the enclave. In 1992, a war broke out andpogroms of Armenians and Azeris forced both groups to flee their homes. In 1994, a Russian-brokered ceasefire ended the war but more than 1 million ethnic Armenians and Azeris are still not able to return. In 2023, anAzerbaijani offensive into Nagorno-Karabakh ended the conflict, with the self-proclaimedRepublic of Artsakh conceding sovereignty to the government of Azerbaijan on January 1, 2024.

Caviar diplomacy

[edit]
Main article:Caviar diplomacy

TheEuropean Stability Initiative (ESI) has revealed in a report from 2012 with the title "Caviar diplomacy: How Azerbaijan silenced the Council of Europe", that since Azerbaijan's entry into theCouncil of Europe, each year 30 to 40 deputies are invited to Azerbaijan and generously paid with expensive gifts, includingcaviar (worth up to 1,400 euro), silk carpets, gold, silver and large amounts of money.[136][137] In return they becomelobbyists for Azerbaijan. This practice has been widely referred to as "Caviar diplomacy".[138]

ESI also published a report on 2013 Presidential elections in Azerbaijan titled "Disgraced: Azerbaijan and the end of election monitoring as we know it". The report revealed the ties between Azerbaijani government and the members of certain observation missions who praised the elections.[139] Azerbaijan's "Caviar diplomacy" at 2013 presidential elections sparked a major international scandal, as the reports of two authoritative organizationsParliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe/European Parliament andOSCE/ODIHR completely contradicted one another in their assessments of elections.[140][141][142][143]

Non-governmental anti-corruption organizationTransparency International has regularly judged Azerbaijan to be one of the most corrupt countries in the world[143][144] and has also criticized Azerbaijan for the "Caviar diplomacy".[138][145]

At June 2016 the public prosecutor of Milan has accused the former leader of the (Christian) Union of the center and of the European People's Party of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Luca Volonte of accepting large bribes from representatives of the Azerbaijani government.[146] Two people with high-level experience of the Council of Europe's parliamentary assembly (Pace) have told the Guardian they believe its members have been offered bribes for votes by Azerbaijan. Former Azerbaijani diplomat, Arif Mammadov, alleged that a member of Azerbaijan's delegation at the Council of Europe had €30m (£25m) to spend on lobbying its institutions, including the Council of Europe assembly.[147] PACE ratified the terms of reference of an independent external investigation body to carry out a detailed independent inquiry into the allegations of corruption at the council involving Azerbaijan.[148]

ESISC report

[edit]
Main article:European strategic intelligence and security center

On 6 March 2017,ESISC (European Strategic Intelligence and Security Center) published a scandalous report called "The Armenian Connection" where it veraciously attacked human rights NGOs and research organisations criticising human rights violations and corruption in Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Russia.[149]

ESISC in that report asserted that "Caviar diplomacy" report elaborated by ESI aimed to create climate of suspicion based on slander to form a network of MPs that would engage in a political war against Azerbaijan.[150] In the Second Chapter of the report called "The Armenian Connection: «Mr X», Nils Muižnieks, Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights" that was published on 18 April 2017 ESISC asserted that the network composed of European PMs, Armenian officials and some NGOs:Human Rights Watch,Amnesty International, "Human Rights House Foundation", "Open Dialog",European Stability Initiative, andHelsinki Committee for Human Rights, was financed by theSoros Foundation. According to ESISC the key figure of the network since 2012 has beenNils Muižnieks, Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe and the network has served to the interests of George Soros and the Republic of Armenia.[151]"The report is written in the worst traditions of authoritarian propaganda, makes absurd claims, and is clearly aimed at deflecting the wave of criticism against cover-up of unethical lobbying and corruption in PACE and demands for change in the Assembly", said Freedom Files Analytical Centre.[149]

According Robert Coalson (Radio Free Europe), ESISC is a part of Baku's lobbying efforts to extend to the use of front think tanks to shift public opinion.[152]

European Stability Initiative said that "ESISC report is full of lies (such as claiming that German PACE member Strasser holds pro-Armenian views and citing as evidence that he went to Yerevan in 2015 to commemorate theArmenian genocide, when Strasser has never in his life been to independent Armenia)".[153]

See also

[edit]

References

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  153. ^Merchants of Doubt or investigating Corruption // ESI, 21 April 2017

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