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Foreign relations of Antigua and Barbuda

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Administrative divisions

Antigua and Barbuda maintains diplomatic relations with the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the People's Republic of China, as well as with many Latin American countries and neighbouring Eastern Caribbean states. It is a member of the United Nations, theCommonwealth of Nations, theOrganization of American States, theOrganisation of Eastern Caribbean States, theBolivarian Alliance for the Americas,Petrocaribe and the Eastern Caribbean'sRegional Security System (RSS).

As a member ofCARICOM, Antigua and Barbuda supported efforts by the United States to implement UN Security Council Resolution 940, designed to facilitate the departure of Haiti's de facto authorities from power. The country agreed to contribute personnel to the multinational force which restored the democratically elected government of Haiti in October 1994.

In May 1997, Prime Minister Bird joined 14 other Caribbean leaders and President Clinton for the first-ever US-regional summit in Bridgetown, Barbados. The summit strengthened the basis for regional co-operation on justice and counter-narcotics issues, finance and development, and trade.

Antigua and Barbuda is also a member of theInternational Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US-military (as covered underArticle 98).

Disputes – international:none

Illicit drugs:considered a minortransshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe; more significant as a drug-money-laundering center.

Diplomatic relations

[edit]

List of countries which Antigua and Barbuda has diplomatic relations with:

#CountryDate[1]
1Canada1 November 1981[2]
2South Korea1 November 1981[3]
3United Kingdom1 November 1981[4]
4United States1 November 1981[5]
5Malaysia1981[6]
6Australia17 January 1982[7]
7Brazil2 February 1982[3]
8Guyana3 February 1982[8]
9Colombia18 March 1982[9]
10India2 April 1982[10]
11Germany4 May 1982[3]
12France6 May 1982[3]
13Netherlands11 May 1982[3]
14Sweden11 June 1982[3]
15Venezuela11 June 1982[3]
16Iraq14 September 1982[3]
17Japan4 October 1982[3]
18Trinidad and Tobago6 December 1982[11]
19China1 January 1983[3]
20Belize4 February 1983[12]
21Jamaica8 February 1983[13]
22Nigeria2 March 1983[14]
23Uganda2 March 1983[14]
24Zambia2 March 1983[14]
25Portugal20 March 1983[15]
26Syria18 April 1983[3]
27Israel22 June 1983[3]
28Barbados19 September 1983[16]
29Saint Kitts and Nevis19 September 1983[17]
30  Switzerland14 December 1983[3]
31Bahamas1983[18]
32Saint Lucia1983[19]
33Costa Rica16 January 1984[3]
34Mexico14 September 1984[20]
35Argentina7 December 1984[21]
36Austria25 March 1985[3]
37Greece10 June 1985[3]
38Peru24 June 1985[3]
39Italy20 August 1985[3]
40Bolivia26 August 1985[3]
41Norway14 October 1985[3]
42Denmark27 October 1985[3]
43Belgium30 October 1985[3]
Holy See15 December 1986[22]
44Uruguay27 April 1987[3]
45Spain27 June 1988[3]
46Suriname10 October 1989
47Algeria1 November 1989
48Russia5 January 1990
49Chile10 August 1990[3]
50North Korea27 November 1990
51Guatemala3 February 1992
52Nicaragua20 February 1992[3]
53Ukraine17 March 1993[3]
54El Salvador18 March 1993[3]
55Latvia19 March 1993
56Estonia4 June 1993
57Slovenia15 June 1993[3]
58Armenia25 August 1993[3]
59Cuba6 April 1994
60North Macedonia21 February 1995[3]
61Azerbaijan5 April 1995[3]
62Panama27 September 1996[23]
63Czech Republic31 January 1997
64Haiti11 June 1997
65Kuwait9 July 1998[3]
66Croatia15 June 1999
67Slovakia21 June 1999
68TurkeyJune 1999[3]
69Belarus18 May 2000
70Ireland19 May 2000
71Bulgaria7 June 2001
72Maldives25 March 2002
73South Africa17 February 2004[3]
74Iceland11 March 2004
75Cyprus22 July 2004
76Malta23 July 2004
77Lithuania23 September 2004[24]
78Hungary16 May 2005
79Poland13 September 2005[25]
80Thailand7 July 2006[3]
81Oman5 October 2006
82Qatar9 October 2006
83Bahrain20 October 2006
84Singapore12 December 2006
85Saudi Arabia12 February 2007
86United Arab Emirates4 May 2007
87Morocco3 July 2007[26]
88Libya31 August 2007
89Luxembourg26 September 2007
90Dominican Republic5 October 2007[27]
91Kazakhstan16 November 2007
92Botswana6 December 2007
93Finland26 September 2008
94Ecuador10 August 2009[28]
95Brunei21 December 2009
96Cambodia28 April 2010
97Egypt7 July 2010
98Philippines16 July 2010
99Georgia7 April 2011
100Montenegro11 April 2011
101Tajikistan12 April 2011
102Bosnia and Herzegovina1 June 2011
103Andorra3 June 2011[29]
104Indonesia23 September 2011[3]
105Moldova18 November 2011
106Mongolia19 June 2013
107Vietnam8 November 2013
108New Zealand6 October 2014[30]
109Ethiopia1 November 2014[31]
110Fiji20 February 2015
111Iran1 October 2015
112Paraguay21 September 2016
113Pakistan23 September 2016
114LebanonApril 2017[32]
115   Nepal25 July 2017
116Jordan27 September 2017
Cook Islands9 November 2017[33]
117Romania5 April 2018[34]
118Liechtenstein25 September 2018
119Serbia28 September 2018
120San Marino12 December 2018[35]
121Monaco28 February 2019[36]
Kosovo24 July 2019[37]
122Rwanda10 December 2019
123GhanaBefore March 2020[38]
124Kyrgyzstan3 June 2021[39]
125Uzbekistan13 June 2022
126Kenya23 June 2022[40]
127Cape Verde22 September 2022
128Benin21 December 2023
State of Palestine14 June 2024
129Seychelles23 September 2024
130Marshall Islands24 September 2025[41]
131PalauSeptember 2025[42]
132Sri Lanka3 October 2025
133DominicaUnknown
134GrenadaUnknown
135Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesUnknown

Bilateral relations

[edit]
CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Belize4 February 1983

Antigua & Barbuda and Belize are two of fifteencommonwealth realms, members of: the Association of Caribbean States, the Caribbean Community, the Caribbean Development Bank, the Commonwealth of Nations, ECLAC, EU-CARIFORUM, the Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States, the Organization of American States, and the United Nations. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 February 1983.[43]

Canada1 November 1981

Antigua & Barbuda and Canada are two of fifteencommonwealth realms, members of: the Commonwealth of Nations, the Organization of American States, and the United Nations. Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1967.[44][45]

  • Antigua and Barbuda is accredited to Canada from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and has a consulate-general in Toronto.
  • The Canadian High Commission in Bridgetown, Barbados is accredited to Antigua and Barbuda.[46]
China1 January 1983

Both countries have established diplomatic relations.[47]

Denmark28 October 1985

Denmark is represented in Antigua and Barbuda by its Consulate General inNew York and an honorary consulate inSt. John's, Antigua and Barbuda.[48]

India

Both countries have established diplomatic relations and have an Extradition Arrangement.[49][50]

Ireland19 May 2000

Ireland is represented in Antigua and Barbuda through its embassy inWashington DC,United States.[51][52]

Israel22 June 1983

Israel is represented in Antigua and Barbuda through its embassy in Dominican Republic.[53]

Malta23 July 2004
Mexico14 September 1984
  • Antigua and Barbuda has a non-resident ambassador accredited to Mexico from its capital inSt. John's.[55]
  • Mexico is accredited to Antigua and Barbuda from its embassy inCastries,Saint Lucia and maintains an honorary consulate in St. John's.[56]
South Korea1 November 1981

The establishment of diplomatic relations between theRepublic of Korea (South Korea) and Antigua and Barbuda began on 1 November 1981.[57]

TurkeyFeb. 3, 1982[58]See Antigua and Barbuda–Turkey relations
United Kingdom1 November 1981

Both countries have established diplomatic relations.Both countries are full members ofCommonwealth of Nations.

United States1 November 1981

Relations between Antigua and Barbuda and the United States have been friendly since Antigua and Barbuda's independence from the United Kingdom in 1981.

The United States has supported the Government of Antigua and Barbuda's effort to expand its economic base and to improve its citizens' standard of living. However, concerns over the lack of adequate regulation of thefinancial services sector prompted the US Government to issue afinancial advisory for Antigua and Barbuda in 1999. The advisory was lifted in 2001, but the US Government continues to monitor the Government of Antigua and Barbuda's regulation of financial services.

The United States also has been active in supporting post-hurricane disaster assistance and rehabilitation through theUS Agency for International Development's (USAID) Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance and thePeace Corps. US assistance is primarily channelled through multilateral agencies such as theWorld Bank and theCaribbean Development Bank (CDB), as well as through the USAID office inBridgetown, Barbados.

Antigua and Barbuda is strategically situated in theLeeward Islands nearmaritime transport lanes of major importance to the United States. Antigua has long hosted a US military presence. A formerUS Navy support facility, turned over to the Government of Antigua and Barbuda in 1995, is now being developed as a regionalcoast guard training facility.

Antigua and Barbuda's location close to theUS Virgin Islands andPuerto Rico makes it an attractive transshipment point for narcotics traffickers. To address these problems, the United States and Antigua and Barbuda have signed a series of counter-narcotic and counter-crime treaties and agreements, including a maritime law enforcement agreement (1995), subsequently amended to include overflight and order-to-land provisions (1996); a bilateralextradition treaty (1996); and amutual legal assistance treaty (1996). In addition, Antigua and Barbuda receives counter-narcotics assistance and benefits from US military exercise-related and humanitarian civic assistance construction projects.

In 2005, Antigua and Barbuda had 239,804 stay-over visitors, with nearly 28% of Antigua and Barbuda's visitors coming from the United States. It is estimated that 4,500 Americans reside in the country.

In 2005 both countries disputed aWorld Trade Organization ruling over gambling law. In 2007 relations were strained when Antigua and Barbuda demanded sanctions worth $3.4bn imposed on the US for its failure to obey the WTO gambling ruling stating that "while we realise this is a significant step for Antigua and Barbuda to take, we feel we have no choice in the matter".[59] Nevertheless, relations between the two countries are still strong.

Venezuela15 June 1982

Antigua and Barbuda enjoys close relations withVenezuela. As of June 2009 it became a formal member of theBolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA) international co-operation organisation and the Caribbean oil alliancePetrocaribe. In 2009 Antigua and Barbuda received US$50 million from Venezuela because of the country's membership of these initiatives.

"We have benefited from these relationships and so we will continue to forge these alliances, whether it is with Venezuela, Cuba or whoever else that we feel is in the interest of Antigua and Barbuda and the sub-region," said the Prime Minister of Antigua and BarbudaBaldwin Spencer.[60]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Diplomatic relations between Antigua and Barbuda and ..."United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved22 February 2022.
  2. ^"A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019". Retrieved23 February 2022.
  3. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadaeafagahaiajakGovernment of Antigua and Barbuda."Chronology of Antigua and Barbuda's Bilateral Relations". Archived fromthe original on 11 November 2011. Retrieved15 August 2025.
  4. ^The Diplomatic Service List. Great Britain. Diplomatic Service Administration Office. 1985. p. 83.ISBN 9780115916571.
  5. ^"A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Antigua and Barbuda". Retrieved23 February 2022.
  6. ^"Wisma Putra congratulates Antigua and Barbuda 🇦🇬 on the joyous occasion of its 40th Independence Day". 1 November 2021. Retrieved23 February 2022.
  7. ^"Diplomatic Relations".righttoknow.org.au. 13 June 2024. Retrieved13 June 2024.
  8. ^"Diplomatic relations". Archived fromthe original on 16 February 2019. Retrieved21 April 2021.
  9. ^"Antigua y Barbuda" (in Spanish). Retrieved23 February 2022.
  10. ^Kaul, Vimla (1978).India Since Independence: Chronology of Events, 7. Sagar Publications. p. 1630.
  11. ^Latin America Report No. 2636. United States Joint Publications Research Service. 24 January 1983. p. 33.
  12. ^"Archived copy"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 30 December 2017. Retrieved30 December 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  13. ^"Countries with which Jamaica has Established Diplomatic Relations". 16 April 2021. Archived fromthe original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved16 April 2021.
  14. ^abcLatin America Report, 2655. [Executive Office of the President], Federal Broadcast Information Service, Joint Publications Research Service. 1983. p. 31.
  15. ^"Antigua and Barbuda". Retrieved12 November 2021.
  16. ^"LIST OF COUNTRIES WITH WHICH BARBADOS HAS DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BY REGIONS". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade (Barbados). Archived fromthe original on 13 August 2017. Retrieved25 March 2021.
  17. ^"Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Saint Kitts and Nevis. Retrieved1 April 2021.
  18. ^Bahamas Dateline Business, Investment, Real Estate · Volumes 8-13. 1983.... Livingstone N. Coakley has been appointed to the post of High Commissioner to five Commonwealth countries in the Caribbean. Mr. Coakley will be based in Nassau and will be the commissioner to Trinidad and Tobago , Antigua - Barbuda , Barbados , Grenada and Guyana .
  19. ^"List of countries with which Saint Lucia has established Diplomatic Relations". Archived fromthe original on 15 December 2021. Retrieved23 February 2022.
  20. ^"Antigua y Barbuda" (in Spanish). Retrieved23 February 2022.
  21. ^"Comunicado Conjunto sobre establecimiento de Relaciones Diplomáticas entre el Gobierno de la República Argentina y el Gobierno de Antigua y Barbuda" (in Spanish). Retrieved23 February 2022.
  22. ^"Diplomatic Relations Of The Holy See". Retrieved12 November 2021.
  23. ^"RELACIONES DIPLOMÁTICAS DE LA REPÚBLICA DE PANAMÁ"(PDF). p. 195. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 6 August 2020. Retrieved30 November 2021.
  24. ^"List of countries with which Lithuania has established diplomatic relations". Archived fromthe original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved10 January 2022.
  25. ^"Antigua i Barbuda" (in Polish). Retrieved23 February 2022.
  26. ^"Antigua et Barbuda" (in French). Archived fromthe original on 15 December 2013. Retrieved27 May 2023.
  27. ^"República Dominicana y Antigua y Barbuda acuerdan reforzar relaciones bilaterales" (in Spanish). 7 July 2019. Retrieved23 February 2022.
  28. ^"Ecuador oficializa relaciones diplomáticas con Antigua y Barbuda" (in Spanish). 10 August 2009. Retrieved23 February 2022.
  29. ^"Diplomatic relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Andorra. Retrieved3 July 2021.
  30. ^"Antigua - Environment - New Zealand's High Commissioner to CARICOM Tours Antigua".Caribbean News Service. 13 October 2014. Retrieved14 June 2023.
  31. ^"Statement by the Honourable E. P. Chet Greene MP, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Immigration and Trade, on the passing of His Excellency L. Franklin Francis"(PDF).Government of Antigua and Barbuda. 6 December 2021. Retrieved24 May 2025.
  32. ^"Antigua and Barbuda opens doors to new embassy in Beirut". 4 September 2019. Retrieved23 February 2022.
  33. ^"Antigua and Barbuda Establishes Diplomatic Relations with the Cook Islands". 9 November 2017. Retrieved23 November 2021.
  34. ^"Romania and Antigua & Barbuda have agreed to establish diplomatic relations". 10 April 2018. Retrieved23 February 2022.
  35. ^"16-17-18-21-22-23-24 settembre 2020" (in Italian). pp. 15–16. Retrieved3 December 2021.
  36. ^"Diplomacy: Accreditation of Ambassadors from Bahrain – Antigua and Barbuda – Panama – Bosnia and Herzegovina". 28 February 2019. Retrieved1 March 2022.
  37. ^"Antigua And Kosovo Sign Visa Waiver Agreement, Establishes Diplomatic Relations".Antigua News Room. 24 July 2019.
  38. ^"Ambassador of Antigua and Barbuda to Ethiopia with concurrent accreditation to Ghana..." 10 March 2020. Retrieved25 April 2022.
  39. ^"Список стран, с которыми КР установил дипломатические отношения" (in Russian). Retrieved10 October 2021.
  40. ^"CS Amb Raychelle Omamo signed Joint Communique on establishing diplomatic relations with Belize Foreign Minister Hon. Eamon Courtenay, Wednesday, June 22 2022 and signed with Hon.Chet Greene, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Immigration and Trade of Antigua and Barbuda, Thurs 23rd". Retrieved23 June 2022.
  41. ^"Republic of the Marshall Islands and Antigua and Barbuda Formalize Diplomatic Relations at 80th UNGA".Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Republic of the Marshall Islands. 24 September 2025. Retrieved26 September 2025.
  42. ^"FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE".Facebook. 27 September 2025. Retrieved30 September 2025.
  43. ^"DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS – BELIZE"(PDF).Mfa.gov.bz. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 30 December 2017. Retrieved30 January 2019.
  44. ^Government of Canada, Global Affairs Canada."Canada and Antigua and Barbuda".International.gc.ca.
  45. ^Government of Canada, Global Affairs Canada."Canada and Antigua and Barbuda relations".International.gc.ca.
  46. ^"Canada – Antigua and Barbuda Relations". Archived fromthe original on 16 May 2013. Retrieved22 April 2013.
  47. ^"Antigua and Barbuda".Fmprc.gov.cn.
  48. ^"Antigua og Barbuda".Anitguabarbuda.um.dk.
  49. ^"MEA - List of Extradition Treaties/Arrangements".Mea.gov.in.
  50. ^"MINISTRY OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS ORDER"(PDF).Mea.gov.in. New Delhi. 3 August 2018. Retrieved30 January 2019.
  51. ^"Antigua & Barbuda - Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade".Dfa.ie.
  52. ^"Antigua and Barbuda - Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade".Dfa.ie.
  53. ^"Israel's Diplomatic Missions Abroad: Status of relations". Archived fromthe original on 20 April 2016. Retrieved7 December 2018.
  54. ^https://foreignaffairs.gov.mt/en/Treaties+Series/Pages/Treaties+Documents/Antigua-and-Barbuba---Establishment-of-Diplomatic-Relations.aspx. Retrieved30 January 2019.{{cite web}}:Missing or empty|title= (help)
  55. ^"Mexico's Relations with the Caribbean"(PDF).Sebado.gob.mx.
  56. ^"Inicio".Embamex.sre.gob.mx. Retrieved30 January 2019.
  57. ^"Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Latin America and Caribbean". Archived fromthe original on 9 July 2015. Retrieved8 July 2015.
  58. ^abc"Relations between Turkey and Antigua and Barbuda". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey.
  59. ^"Antigua hits back at US on gaming".News.bbc.co.uk. 21 June 2007.
  60. ^"NO APOLOGIES: Spencer defends ties with Venezuela". Archived fromthe original on 18 February 2012. Retrieved19 September 2009.

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ǂDisputed territories administered byGuyana.~Disputed territories administered byColombia.

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