 | |
 Ford-Werke plant in Cologne | |
| Company type | Subsidiary |
|---|---|
| Industry | Automotive |
| Founded | August 18, 1925; 100 years ago (August 18, 1925) |
| Founder | Henry Ford |
| Headquarters | , Germany |
Number of locations | Two manufacturing facilities |
Key people | |
| Products | Automobiles |
Number of employees | 28,842(2009) |
| Parent | Ford of Europe |
| Website | ford.de |
Ford-Werke GmbH[1] is a German-based car manufacturing company headquartered inCologne,North Rhine-Westphalia. It is a fully ownedsubsidiary of AmericanFord Motor Company. It operates two large manufacturing facilities in Germany, aplant in Cologne and aplant in Saarlouis, and serves as a major hub for Ford's presence in the European markets.
The earliest presence of the Ford Motor Company in Germany was a parts operation set up in Hamburg in 1912.[citation needed][2]
At the end of 1924 theFord Motor Company of the U.S. established a sales office inBerlin which at the start of 1925 received a permit to import 1,000 tractors. In 1920 thegovernment had imposed a tariff so high that it amounted to a prohibition against importing foreign automobiles, but this was reversed in October 1925. The move had evidently been anticipated by Ford, since on 18 August 1925 theFord Motor Company Aktiengesellschaft had been entered in the BerlinCompanies Register.[3]
During 1925 an assembly plant was constructed in a rented warehouse in theWesthafen (western port) district of Berlin, which was well located for receiving deliveries of kits and components via the country's canal network. On 1 April 1926 the first German assembledModel T was produced, using imported parts.[4] The Berlin assembly operation produced 1,177 Model Ts in 1926 and a further 2,594 during 1927 which was the Model T's final year: in August 1927 Model T production in Berlin ended, and it was nearly a year until, on 20 August 1928, Ford auto-production in Berlin recommenced, now of theFord Model A.[3]
In March 1929General Motors purchased a controlling 80% holding inOpel.Henry Ford's reaction was a prompt decision to build a complete Ford auto-factory in Germany, and before the end of 1929 a site atCologne made available by the mayor of the city,Konrad Adenauer,[4] was acquired by Ford.[5] The 170,000 m2 site was originally intended to support an annual production of 250,000 cars, suggesting a continuation of the spirit of boundless economic optimism that seized western industry in the months preceding the1929 Wall Street crash. Locating the plant directly beside theRhine ensured that, as with Ford's other principal European manufacturing locations inManchester,Dagenham and Berlin, there was excellent access to the water transport network. On 2 October 1930, Henry Ford, then aged 67, together with Adenauer, aged 55, laid the foundation stone for the Cologne Ford Plant: construction, which cost 12 millionmarks, progressed rapidly. The assembly operation in Berlin came to an end on 15 April 1931, and on 4 May 1931 the first Cologne-produced Ford rolled off the production line.[6] The first vehicle produced was aFord Model A based truck which, whether by coincidence or by design, would also be the first vehicle produced byFord's new plant atDagenham, England in October 1931. From that time, an increasing proportion of the Ford vehicles sold in Germany were also made locally, rather than being imported. The Model A was joined at Cologne in 1932 by theModel B.
Small car manufacture started in 1933 with theFord Köln, a year after its British launch as theModel Y. With 2,453 produced in 1933 alone, the Köln propelled Ford to eighth place in the German passenger car sales charts for that year,[7] but it did not have the same impact in Germany as it did in Britain, and was undercut in price by thesmallOpel.[8]
TheFord Rheinland was a unique model for the German market, made by fitting a four-cylinder 3285 cc engine into a Model B V-8 chassis; but most products continued to be Detroit designs albeit with local names.
TheEifel was the German version of the 10 HP model which was sold in Britain as theModel C. 61,495 Eifels were produced by Ford Germany between 1935 and 1940, which was well over half of all the German Fords produced in the period. This enabled Ford's German sales to overtake those ofAdler in 1938, making Ford Germany's fourth largest automaker, behindOpel,Mercedes-Benz andDKW.[7] The Eifel was joined in 1939 bythe first of the long-runningTaunus range.
The company was reorganised in 1939 and changed its name toFord-Werke.[4] With the outbreak of the war, car production continued at first, and theTaunus was made until 1942, but increasingly, military production took over.Ford-Werke built both conventional trucks andMaultier half-tracks for the German armed forces. Most notably,Ford-Werke manufactured the turbines used in theV-2 rockets.[9]
During thebombing of Cologne, instructions were given to allied bombers not to bomb the factory, owing to deep monetary ties of the AmericanFord Motor Company andNazi Germany,[10] and hence was lightly damaged. After the war ended, production could restart in May 1945 with truck manufacture, the U.S. government having paid $1.1 million in consideration of bombing damage.[4]
_at_Schaffen-Diest_(2017)_01.jpg)
Car manufacturing restarted in late 1948 with the Taunus.Henry Ford II visited the factory in 1948 during his visit to Germany when he was considering a purchase ofVolkswagen, with which he did not ultimately proceed.[4]
In 1952, anew Taunus appeared and was a great success, enabling record production figures to be reached.[citation needed] The company was now being run by Ehrhart Vitger, who spent time recruiting new dealers to replace those lost in East Germany, but the company continued to rank third in sales in Germany behind VW and Opel.[4]
Ford began to integrate the operations of its European subsidiaries in the 1960s with the launch of the 1965Ford Transit panel van, which was a joint development between Ford of Britain andFord-Werke, however it was theFord Escort in 1968 that truly marked the end of unique models in European countries[citation needed] and followed the creation ofFord Europe in 1967 from the assets of the British and German operations.
General Motors would later follow Ford's lead in the 1970s by integrating its Opel andVauxhall subsidiaries intoGM Europe.
During the Second World War,Ford-Werke employed slave laborers, although not required to do so by the Nazi regime.[11]
Robert Hans Schmidt presided overFord-Werke during the Second World War, and engaged slave labor and the illegal manufacture of munitions, including such manufacturing during the period before the U.S. entry into the war. Once the war was over, notwithstanding all his carefully publicized efforts to erase the stain of the company's past, no evidence emerged that either Henry Ford II or any other top-level Ford Motor Company executive had ever raised any moral objections to rehiring [Schmidt], who had presided over one of the company's darkest chapters.[12] However, a three-year study which was published by the Ford Motor Company in December 2001 maintained that the U.S. headquarters had no control over what happened at the GermanFord-Werke when the Nazi forced labour policy went into effect.[13] It was also maintained that the German subsidiary did not provide profit for the U.S. headquarters.[13]John Rintamaki, Ford´s chief of staff, would acknowledge thatFord-Werke used forced labour, stating that "The use of forced and slave labor in Germany, including at Ford-Werke, was wrong and cannot be justified."[13]
In 1942, German soldiers swept into the city ofRostov in the Soviet Union, moving among the homes of Rostov families, forcing them to register at a labor registration center.Elsa Iwanowa, who was 16 years old at the time, and many other Russians were transported in cattle cars toWuppertal in the western part of Germany, where they were exhibited to visiting businessmen. From there Elsa Iwanowa and others were forced to become slave laborers forFord-Werke. "On March 4, 1998, fifty-three years after she was liberated from the German Ford plant, Elsa Iwanowa demanded justice, filing a class-action lawsuit in U.S. District Court against the Ford Motor Company."[14] In court, Ford acknowledged that Elsa Iwanowa and many others like her were "forced to endure a sad and terrible experience" atFord-Werke; Ford, however, maintained that cases like that of Elsa Iwanowa are best redressed on "a nation-to-nation, government-to-government" basis.[9] By November 1998, compensation lawsuits were filed against Ford and GM. This put both the German subsidiaries of both companies under heavy scrutiny for their roles in aiding Nazi forced labor on their production lines in territory controlled by Nazi Germany during World War II.[15] In 1999, the court dismissed Elsa Iwanowa's suit; however, a number of German companies, including GM subsidiary Opel, agreed to contribute $5.1 billion to a fund that would compensate the surviving slave laborers.[9] After being the subject of much adverse publicity, Ford, in March 2000, reversed direction, and agreed to contribute $13 million to the industry-government restitution fund for an estimated 1.2 million survivors of Nazi forced labor during World War II.[16]
Until 27 January 1950, all Ford's European operations other than in the USSR were run from Dagenham and owned byFord Motor Company Limited,Dearborn's 55% owned subsidiary. In Ford Motor Company Limited's published reports to their British shareholders, Germany and the other Ford European interests were referred to as "the associated companies".[17] These associated companies had been established in order to allow for substantial holdings by local shareholders.[note 1] On the outbreak of the Second World War, those shares in Ford Motor Company AG not belonging to German shareholders were placed under the control of the German Commissioner for dealing with enemy property.
In October 2004, whenAston Martin was a wholly owned subsidiary of Ford, the company set up a dedicated 12,500 square metres (135,000 sq ft) engine production plant within the Ford Niehl plant, with capacity to produce up to 5000 engines a year by 100 specially trained personnel. Like traditional Aston Martin engine production inNewport Pagnell, assembly of each unit is entrusted to a single technician from a pool of 30, with V8 and V12 variants assembled in under 20 hours. By bringing engine production back to within the company, the promise was that Aston Martin would be able to produce small runs of higher performance variants engines.[18]
Ford's corporatetagline isEine Idee weiter., meaning “A step ahead” (literally, “An idea further”). ThisGerman tagline is used in German speaking countries in Europe.
| Year | Units | Market share |
|---|---|---|
| 2012 | 206,128 | 6.70% |
| 2011 | 230,939 | 7.31% |
| 2010 | 198,156 | 6.79% |
| 2009 | 290,620 | 7.63% |
| 2008 | 217,305 | 7.03% |
| 2007 | 213,873 | 6.79% |
| 2006 | 243,845 | 7.03% |
| 2005 | 246,814 | 7.38% |
| 2004 | 243,930 | 7.47% |
| 2003 | 235,279 | 7.27% |
The following tables list Ford production vehicles that were sold in Germany in as of January 2026:
| Kuga | _Sindelfingen_2020_IMG_2421.jpg) | Compact crossover SUV |
|
| Puma | _IMG_2503.jpg) | crossover SUV |
|
| Explorer EV |  | SUV |
|
| Mustang Mach-E |  | SUV |
|
| Mustang |  | Muscle Car |
|
| Tourneo Connect |  | Panel van |
|
| Transit |  | Light commercial vehicle |
|
| Ranger |  | Pick-up truck |
|
This is a list of models produced by Ford Germany prior to the creation of Ford of Europe. Although the Taunus TC and MK3 Ford Cortina were related, the body work and engines were different.
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