Association football is the most popularsport in Russia, surpassingice hockey by a wide margin. Approximately 52% of the Russians are interested in football.^[2]

Men's football is overseen by theRussian Football Union, having theRussian Premier League as the first tier of theRussian football league system, with theRussian Football National League being the second tier.^[3][4][5][6]

On 28 February 2022, due to the2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and in accordance with a recommendation by theInternational Olympic Committee (IOC),FIFA andUEFA suspended the participation of Russia, including in theQatar 2022 World Cup. TheRussian Football Union unsuccessfully appealed the FIFA and UEFA bans to theCourt of Arbitration for Sport, which upheld the bans.^[7]

With the USSR collapsing in 1991, Russia emerged as its successor state, with the Soviet football federation being transformed in the Russian football federation.^[8][9] While the national teams and the clubs used to be linked to state institutions or mass organizations, in 1991 some of them became private enterprises. Just like in many other spheres of business, corrupt and sometimes bloody division of power began. Furthermore, many teams of the erstwhileSoviet Top League, were now divided between the national football associations of the newly independent republics. Many of the top brand names lost their financing from the government and were left to rot, waiting for some forms of sponsorship. Citizens of Russia are interested mostly in thenational team that gets to compete in theWorld Cup and theEuropean Championship, and in the Premier league, where clubs from different cities look to become champions of Russia. There are also competitions considered less important, such as theRussian Cup. Some of the most successful clubs includeSpartak Moscow,Lokomotiv Moscow,CSKA Moscow,Zenit St. Petersburg,Dynamo Moscow andFC Torpedo Moscow.^{[citation needed]}

Today, football is the most popular in Russia, beatinghockey.^[3][4][5][6] A very high proportion of men are interested in it to a certain extent (and many children play it regularly) and women also join men when it comes to the national team. The Russian league is rapidly regaining its former strength because of huge sponsorship deals, an influx of finances and a fairly high degree of competitiveness with roughly 5 teams capable of winning the title. Russian top teams are usually sponsored by state-controlled companies. For example,Gazprom sponsorsZenit Saint Petersburg,Lukoil sponsorsFC Spartak Moscow,Russian Railways sponsorsFC Lokomotiv Moscow etc. Many notable talented foreign players have been and are playing in the Russian league as well as local talented players worthy of a spot in the starting eleven of the best clubs.^[10] Foreign players sometimes face a very hostile environment. A problem ofracism in Russian football is particularly important.^[11][12]

The Russian national team gained attention when they defeated traditional European powerhouse Netherlands 3–1 in theEuro 2008 quarterfinals before losing to eventual champions Spain. Nevertheless, four players made the Team of the Tournament. Some players such asAndrei Arshavin andRoman Pavlyuchenko earned big-money moves to the EnglishPremier League after impressing at the tournament.^[13] Currently, the majority of Russian footballers play in a home league mainly due to the foreign players limits. This causes a significant disbalance in players' salaries with Russian footballers getting more than their foreign counterparts only because of their nationality.^[14]

Thus as of 2010 the Russian Premier League was among the best in Eastern Europe, as evidenced by recent victories in theUEFA Cup (CSKA Moscow defeatedSporting CP in the 2005 final andZenit St. Petersburg earned a victory overRangers F.C. in the2008 UEFA Cup in Manchester and also claimed theUEFA Super Cup in a 2–1 win over Manchester United.)^[15]

On 28 February 2022, due to the2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and in accordance with a recommendation by theInternational Olympic Committee (IOC),FIFA andUEFA suspended the participation of Russia, including in theQatar 2022 World Cup. TheRussian Football Union unsuccessfully appealed the FIFA and UEFA bans to theCourt of Arbitration for Sport, which upheld the bans.^[7]

The first level of the Russian league system is the 16-clubPremier League. Below are two other professional levels, namelyFirst League andSecond League, both managed by the National Football League. The First League consists of 18 clubs, and the Second League has 72 clubs split geographically into Groups 1 to 4 (representing Southern, Western, Central and Eastern parts of Russia) with varying numbers of clubs. Four clubs from the Far East are allocated to Groups 2 to 4. After each season, the top two clubs of the First League replace the bottom two clubs of the Premier League, and champions of each Second League group replace the four bottom clubs of the First League.

The Second League Division B is the lowest level of professional football in Russia. The next level of football is the Amateur Football League (aka Third Division), which is split into ten zones: North-West (Severo-Zapad), Golden Ring (Zolotoe Koltso), Moscow City (Gorod Moskva), Moscow Region (Podmoskovye), Center, South (Yug), Volga Region (Privolzhye), Ural and West Siberia (Ural i Zapadnaya Sibir), Siberia (Sibir), and Far East (Dalniy Vostok). Also there is a Cup competition in each zone. At the end of the season, the zonal champions and cup winners participate in the AFL Finals to determine the AFL Champions and Cup Winners. There is no automatical promotion/relegation between Second League and AFL, though the winners of each Amateur Football League zone are eligible for promotion to the Second League Division B, provided that they have taken part in the AFL Finals. The actual promotion and relegation is subject to meeting Professional Football League requirements.^{[citation needed]}

There is no promotion/relegation between the AFL and lower level either, and the composition of AFL zones can change a lot from season to season, as the AFL is basically open to new clubs. At the lower level, there are championships offederal subjects. They are often called the Fourth Division, though these competitions are formally not part of the league system. Nevertheless, some AFL zonal football unions organize tournaments (like Champions League) for the champions of federal subjects which are the members of the respective union. Many federal subject leagues provide a much stronger competition, so clubs often prefer to stay at the 5th level rather than enter the AFL.The competitions at the 4th and 5th level have a spring-autumn format, unlike the autumn-spring professional league format.

The national teams prior were theSoviet Union national football team, which was a football world power,^{[16][17][18][19][20][21]} and the transitionalCIS national football team, which took part in theEuro 1992. Since the collapse of Soviet Union the Russia national team has had success inEuro 2008 before it took ten years to repeat this feat, this time as host of the2018 FIFA World Cup. Russian team was eliminated in the group stage of the1994 World Cup,2002 World Cup,2014 World Cup,Euro 1992 (as CIS),Euro 1996,Euro 2004,Euro 2012,Euro 2016 andEuro 2020. Russia didn't qualify for the major tournaments on four occasions: in1998,2000,2006 and2010. Russian team is currently ranked 35th in theFIFA World Ranking.^[22]

On December 2, 2010, Russia was awarded the2018 FIFA World Cup. Russia hosted the tournament for the first time, becoming the largest country to host the World Cup, a title held by the United States since 1994.^[23][24][25]

The main cup competition in Russia is theRussian Cup. Only professional clubs take part in it.^{[citation needed]}

There is also an Amateur Football League Cup, a competition for the Amateur Football League clubs. The winners of this cup are eligible for promotion to the Second Division.^{[citation needed]} Cups of federal subjects are also played.^{[citation needed]}

The Russian League was in 2013 regarded as the 6th strongest league in Europe, based on theUEFA coefficient.^[26]Russian club sides used to constantly compete in theUEFA Champions League andEuropa League. Over the last years Russian clubs have won three major European trophies. These are2004–05 UEFA Cup won byCSKA Moscow,2007–08 UEFA Cup and2008 UEFA Super Cup won byZenit St. Petersburg.^{[citation needed]}

Women's football is not as popular in Russia asmen's football, although it has increased in popularity in the 2000s.^[27]

Stadiums with a capacity of 40,000 or higher are included. TheGrand Sports Arena of the Luzhniki Olympic Complex is the largest stadium in Russia, followed by theGazprom Arena, the home ofFC Zenit. On 24 May 2023, Zenit became the first Russian sports club with 10 million followers on social media.^[28]

#	Image	Stadium	Capacity	City	Home team(s)	Inaugurated	Renovated
1		Luzhniki Stadium	81,000[29]	Moscow	Russia national football team, 1980 Summer Olympics and2018 World Cup	1956	1996–1997, 2001–2004, 2013–2017
2		Gazprom Arena	67,000	Saint Petersburg	FC Zenit Saint Petersburg, 2017 Confederations Cup, 2018 World Cup andEuro 2020	2017
3		Volgograd Arena	45,568	Volgograd	FC Rotor Volgograd, 2018 World Cup	2018
4		Ak Bars Arena	45,379	Kazan	FC Rubin Kazan, 2017 Confederations Cup and 2018 World Cup	2013
5		Otkrytie Arena	45,360	Moscow	FC Spartak Moscow, 2017 Confederations Cup and 2018 World Cup	2014
6		Rostov Arena	45,000	Rostov-on-Don	FC Rostov, 2018 World Cup	2018
7		Cosmos Arena	44,918	Samara	FC Krylya Sovetov, 2018 World Cup	2018
8		Strelka Stadium	44,899	Nizhny Novgorod	FC Nizhny Novgorod, 2018 World Cup	2018
9		Mordovia Arena	44,442	Saransk	FC Mordovia Saransk, 2018 World Cup	2018
10		Fisht Olympic Stadium	40,000	Sochi	PFC Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics, 2017 Confederations Cup and 2018 World Cup	2013

• Football in Crimea
• Football in Moscow
• Sport in Russia
• Russian national football team
• List of football stadiums in Russia

• Football in Russia
• Sport in Russia by sport

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