| C.V, C.VI, and C.IX | |
|---|---|
 Swiss Fokker C.V-E | |
| General information | |
| Type | Light reconnaissance, bomber aircraft |
| Manufacturer | Fokker |
| Primary users | Royal Netherlands Air Force |
| Number built | C.VI: 33 C.V-B: 18 C.V-C: 16 C.V-D: 212 C.V-E: 327 Ro.1 andRo.1-bis: 349; Altogether: 955 |
| History | |
| Introduction date | 1924 |
TheFokker C.V was a Dutch lightreconnaissance andbomberbiplane aircraft manufactured byFokker. It was designed byAnthony Fokker and the series manufacture began in 1924 at Fokker inAmsterdam.
The C.V was constructed in the early 1920s by Anthony Fokker. The aircraft was intended as a two-seatreconnaissance andbomber aircraft. When shown to the public in 1924, it was offered in a variety of versions; the customer could choose from five different wing configurations (which varied in wing span). Theradial engines could provide between 336–723 kW (451–970 hp). The landing gear could be changed from wheels topontoons. The aircraft became an export success for Fokker, it was sold and/orlicense manufactured inBolivia,China,Denmark,Finland,Hungary,Italy,Japan,the Netherlands,Norway,Switzerland,the Soviet Union and theUS.[1]Sweden purchased two different versions to use as models for their license manufacturing of the reconnaissance versionS 6 and a fighter versionJ 3.
TheFinnish Air Force used both C.V-Ds and C.V-Es. One C.V-E was purchased in 1927, with delivery 20 September, and a further 13 were purchased on 17 March 1934, arriving in the winter of 1935. During theWinter War, Sweden donated three more C.V-Es. Two C.V-Ds were also flown from Norway to Finland at the closing stages of the Norwegian Campaign. These were interned and turned over to the FAF. The aircraft were used as reconnaissance and light bomber aircraft between 20 September 1927 and 14 February 1945. During the Winter War, the Finnish C.Vs flew 151 reconnaissance andharassment bombing sorties without suffering any losses. TheContinuation War saw the C.Vs flying an unknown number of sorties and suffering one aircraft loss.[2]
| Type | Number | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| C.V-E | 1 | Bristol Jupiter engine; FO-39 |
| C.V-E | 13 | Pegasus engine; FO-65 to −77 |
| C.V-E | 3 | Mercury engine, gift from Sweden; FO-19, −23 & -80 |
| C.V-D | 2 | Panther engine, interned Norwegian aircraft; FO-65 & -66 |
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The C.VE was built in Italy by OFM (Officine Ferroviarie Meridionali, laterIMAM) under licence in 1927 as theRomeo Ro.1. It was used by the Aviation Corps of theRegio Esercito (Italian Army) as an observation and ground attack aircraft. Well liked in the civilian market, it was selected for use by Air MarshalItalo Balbo, as superior to theBreda A.7 andAnsaldo A.120. It entered service in 1927, inItalian Libya against the local rebels. It was used both for reconnaissance and light attack. It was convertible as a three-seat machine, or as a light attack aircraft (two machine-guns), or as a very long range aircraft with an auxiliary fuel tank that increased the endurance from five to twelve hours. The last version had a 410 kW (550 hp) engine instead of 321 kW (430 hp) and produced until 1934, a total of 456, but it was outdated and too slow for the standards of the mid-1930s. Although this was only an army observation aircraft, it still had a quite powerful engine and performance. In 1933, there were 40squadrons, of seven machines each, related to the Italian Army, with 238 Ro.1s as the main aircraft force. It was the most numerous Italian aircraft in theSecond Italo-Abyssinian War.
TheNorwegian Army Air Service bought its first five C.VEs in 1926. The initial purchase agreement with Fokker included license production rights, and in the period 1929–1931, 15 C.VEs were manufactured at the NoAAS' aircraft factory atKjeller. After the production of C.VEs ended, a further 28 C.VDs followed between 1932 and 1939. In total, the NoAAS operated 48 Fokker C.Vs, 43 of which were license built in Norway. Whenthe Germans invaded Norway on 9 April 1940, 42 Fokker C.Vs were still in Norwegian service. The C.Vs were based on several air bases in different parts of the country and mostly saw service as reconnaissance aircraft and light bombers. Although the planes were outdated, they still saw extensive and successful service in the bomber role during the April–June 1940Norwegian Campaign, supporting Norwegian ground troops fighting on theNarvik front.[3][4]
The type was used by the Luchtvaartafdeeling (pre war airforce), MLD (marine luchtvaartdienst) and KNIL-ML. For the Luchtvaartafdeling, 67 examples were produced in several batches between 1926 and 1934. Twenty-eight were still operational at the time of the German attack on the Netherlands on 10 May 1940. They were used successfully on reconnaissance and bombing missions using "nap of the earth" (HuBoBe)(short for huisje-boompje-beestje, literally translated into house-tree-animal, referring to the low altitude at which they flew) flying techniques. Nearly two dozen aircraft were used as trainers and hacks, or in storage and repair.
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In 1927, the Swedish Air Force purchased two C.VDs (J 3) and two C.VE (S 6) to serve as models for the eventual license manufacturing of the aircraft by CVM atMalmen. The four aircraft were flown to Sweden in 1928. They proved suitable and an agreement for licence production was made and a further four C.V-E and six C.V-D were purchased,[5] the latter designatedJ 3A. Seven C.VD ordered from CVM were built as C.VE, as by 1929 it was clear the type was unsuitable as a fighter, but still they were designatedJ 3B.[6]
In 1931, the J 3B were redesignatedS 6, the J 3 and J 3AS 6A.[6] Ten C.VE with Nohab My VI engines instead of Jupiter VI engines were given the designationS 6B.[5]
The S 6 became the prime liaison aircraft for the Swedish Air Force. It was used for fire spotting, aerial photographing and liaison duty in conjunction with the Army. At the outbreak of World War II, there were 36 aircraft left in service. They would continue until being replaced bySaab 17s from 1942.[7] CVM manufactured 17 S 6 between 1929 and 1932. Some were fitted with floats and designatedS 6H.
In 1945, the SwAF sold three S 6s toSvensk Flygtjänst to be used for aerial application over forest. Two other were sold toSkåneflyg in 1947. One is preserved and can be seen in theSwedish Air Force Museum. LieutenantEinar Lundborg rescued the Italian GeneralUmberto Nobile in 1928, with a S 6B,[5] equipped with skis. Nobile was on an ice shelf after his airshipItalia had crashed on its way to the North Pole.[5]
| Name | Number | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
 |  | ||
| S 6 | Fokker C.V-E | 30 | 6 Fokker C.V-E and 24 CVM Fokker C.V-Es, Jupiter VI engine 336 kW (450 hp) |
| S 6A | Fokker C.V-E | 8 | 7 Fokker C.V-E and 1 CVM Fokker C.V-E, Jupiter VI engine 336 kW (450 hp) |
| S 6B | CVM C.V-E | 10 | 1934–45,NOHAB My VI engine 447 kW (600 hp) |
| S 6H | C.V-E | ? | CVM Fokker C.V-E (Hydro) with pontoons |
| J 3 | Fokker C.V-D | 2 | 1927–30, designation change to S 6A in 1931 |
| J 3A | Fokker C.V-D | 6 | 1929–30, designation change to S 6A in 1931 |
| J 3B | CVM C.V-D | 6 | 1930–45, designation change to S 6 in 1931 |
After comparative trials in 1927, Swiss authorities had 48 C.V.-E licence-built in Switzerland for use by theSwiss Air Force (then the Swiss Army Air Corps). 24 machines were built atK+WThun and 24 atDoflugAltenrhein. The aircraft were in service from 1933 to 1940 and were armed with bombs, two pilot machine guns and a double machine gun for the observer. The Swiss Air Force used their C.Vs as target tugs until 1954, after their retirement from frontline service.[8]
During theiroccupation of Denmark, the Germans seized some Danish Fokker C.V.-Es. Some of these aircraft were used by the Estonian volunteer-mannedNachtschlachtgruppe 11 (Night Ground Attack Wing 11) at Rahkla[a] in 1944.[9] NSGr. 11 used its C.V-Es on theEastern Front to carry out disruptive harassment night bombing sorties against the Russian front lines. These operations were carried out in response to similar nocturnal operations by Soviet light aircraft, such asPo-2 biplanes.[10] Two of the C.V-Es of the NSGr. 11 were flown to Sweden in October 1944 by four Estonian defectors, and one of them was returned to the Danes by the Swedes in 1947.[11]
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Bolivia
Republic of China
Denmark
Finland
Germany
Kingdom of Italy
Kingdom of Hungary Netherlands
Norway Sweden
Switzerland
United StatesData fromWar over Holland National Norwegian Aviation Museum Thulinista Hornetiin[citation needed]
General characteristics
Performance
Armament
Related lists
