HMCS Regina, 1942–1943
Class overview
Operators	DuringWorld War II (Allies):  Royal Navy  Royal Canadian Navy  United States Navy  Free French Naval Forces Free Belgian Navy Royal Hellenic Navy  Royal Indian Navy  Royal Netherlands Navy  Royal New Zealand Navy  Royal Norwegian Navy  South African Navy  Royal Yugoslav Navy During World War II (Axis)—seized during construction:  Kriegsmarine After World War II:  Argentine Navy  Chilean Navy  Royal Danish Navy  Dominican Navy  Egyptian Navy Royal Hellenic Navy  Royal Indian Navy  Israeli Navy  Irish Naval Service  South African Navy  Bolivarian Navy of Venezuela  People's Liberation Army Navy  Royal Thai Navy  Yugoslav Navy
Succeeded by	Castle class
Completed	225 (original), 69 (modified)
Canceled	5 (original), 6 (modified)
Lost	33 World War II (22 to submarines)
Preserved	HMCS Sackville
General characteristics Original Flower-class corvette
Type	Corvette
Displacement	925long tons (940 t; 1,036 short tons)
Length	205 ft (62.5 m) o/a
Beam	33 ft (10.1 m)
Draught	11.5 ft (3.51 m)
Propulsion	1939–1940 programme Single shaft 2 × fire tubeScotch boilers 1 × double acting triple-expansion reciprocating steam engine 2,750 ihp (2,050 kW) 1940–1941 programme single shaft 2 × water tubethree-drum boilers 1 × double acting triple-expansion reciprocating steam engine 2,750 ihp (2,050 kW)
Speed	16knots (29.6 km/h)
Range	3,500 nautical miles (6,482 km) at 12 knots (22.2 km/h)
Complement	85
Sensors & processing systems	1 × SW1C or 2C radar 1 × Type 123A or Type 127DV sonar
Armament	1 ×4-inch BL Mk.IX single gun 2 ×Vickers .50 machine guns (twin) 2 ×.303-inch Lewis machine gun (twin) 2 × Mk.IIdepth charge throwers 2 × Depth charge rails with 40 depth charges Originally fitted with minesweeping gear, later removed

General characteristics Modified Flower-class corvette
Displacement	1,015long tons (1,031 t; 1,137 short tons)
Length	208 ft (63.4 m)o/a
Beam	33 ft (10.1 m)
Draught	11 ft (3.35 m)
Propulsion	single shaft 2 × water tube boilers 1 × 4-cylinder triple-expansion reciprocating steam engine 2,750 ihp (2,050 kW)
Speed	16 knots (29.6 km/h)
Range	3,500 nautical miles (6,482 km) at 12 knots (22.2 km/h)
Complement	90
Sensors & processing systems	1 × Type 271 SW2C radar 1 × Type 144 sonar
Armament	1 ×4-inch BL Mk.IX single gun 1 ×2-pounder. Mk.VIII single "pom-pom" AA gun 2 ×20 mm Oerlikon single 1 ×Hedgehog A/S mortar 4 × Mk.II depth charge throwers 2 depth charge rails with 70 depth charges

TheFlower-class corvette^[1][2][3] (also referred to as theGladiolus class after thelead ship)^[4] was a Britishclass of 294corvettes used duringWorld War II by theAllied navies particularly asanti-submarineconvoy escorts in theBattle of the Atlantic.Royal Navy ships of this class were named after flowers.

Most served during World War II with the Royal Navy (RN) andRoyal Canadian Navy (RCN). Several ships built largely in Canada were transferred from the RN to theUnited States Navy (USN) under thelend-lease programme, seeing service in both navies. Some corvettes transferred to the USN were crewed by theUS Coast Guard.^[5]

The vessels serving with the US Navy were known asTemptress- andAction-class patrol gunboats. Other Flower-class corvettes served with theFree French Naval Forces, theRoyal Netherlands Navy, theRoyal Norwegian Navy, theRoyal Indian Navy, theRoyal Hellenic Navy, theRoyal New Zealand Navy, theRoyal Yugoslav Navy, and, immediately after the war, theSouth African Navy.

After World War II many surplus Flower-class vessels were used in other navies, or for civilian use.HMCS Sackville is the only member of the class preserved as amuseum ship.

The term "corvette" was originally a French name for a small sailing warship, intermediate between thefrigate and thesloop-of-war. In the 1830s the term was adopted by the RN for sailing warships of roughly similar size, primarily operating in the shipping protection role. With the arrival of steam power, paddle- and later screw-driven corvettes were built for the same purpose, growing in power, size, and armament over the decades. In 1877, the RN abolished the "corvette" as a traditional category. Corvettes and frigates were then combined into a new category, "cruiser".

The months leading up to World War II saw the RN return to the concept of a small escort warship being used in the shipping protection role. The Flower class was based on the design ofSouthern Pride, a whale-catcher, and were labelled "corvettes", restoring the title for the RN, although the Flower-class has no connection with pre-1877 cruising vessels.

There are two distinct groups of vessels in this class: theoriginal Flower-class, 225 vessels ordered during the 1939 and 1940 building programmes; and themodified Flower-class, which followed with a further 69 vessels ordered from 1940 onward. The modified Flowers were slightly larger and better armed.

Flower-class vessels, of original and modified design,in USN service were calledTemptress- andAction-class gunboats. They carried thehull classification symbol PG ("patrol gunboat").

In early 1939, with the risk of war withNazi Germany increasing, it was clear to the Royal Navy that it needed more escort ships to counter the threat fromKriegsmarineU-boats. A particular concern was the need to protect shipping off the east coast of Britain. What was needed was something larger and faster thantrawlers, but still cheap enough to be built in large numbers, preferably at small merchant shipyards, as larger yards were already busy. To meet this requirement, theSmiths Dock Company ofSouth Bank -on-Tees, a specialist in the design and build of fishing vessels, offered a development of its 700-ton, 16 knots (18 mph; 30 km/h)whaler (whale catcher)Southern Pride.^[6][7]

They were intended as small convoy escort ships that could be produced quickly and cheaply in large numbers. Despite naval planners' intentions that they be deployed for coastal convoys, their long range meant that they became the mainstay ofMid-Ocean Escort Force convoy protection during the first half of the war.

The Flower class became an essential resource for North Atlantic convoy protection until larger vessels such asdestroyer escorts andfrigates could be produced in sufficient quantities. The simple design of the Flower class using parts and techniques (scantlings) common to merchant shipping meant they could be constructed in small commercial shipyards all over theUnited Kingdom andCanada, where larger (or more sophisticated) warships^[8] could not be built. The use of commercialtriple expansion machinery instead ofsteam turbines meant the largelyRoyal Naval Reserve andRoyal Naval Volunteer Reserve crews that were manning the corvettes would be familiar with their operation.

Flower-class vessels were slow for a warship, with maximum speed of 16 kn (18 mph; 30 km/h). They were also very lightly armed as they were intended solely foranti-submarine warfare; many of the RCN's original Flower-class ships were initially fitted withminesweeping equipment, while virtually all of the modified Flowers were fitted with a limitedanti-aircraft capability. The original Flowers had the standard RN layout, consisting of a raisedforecastle, awell deck, then thebridge or wheelhouse and a continuous deck running aft. The crew quarters were in the forecastle while the galley was at the rear, making for poor messing arrangements.^[9]

The modified Flowers saw the forecastle extended aft past the bridge to the aft end of thefunnel, a variation known as the "long forecastle" design. Apart from providing a very useful space where the whole crew could gather out of the weather, the added weight improved the ships' stability and speed and was applied to a number of the original Flower-class vessels during the mid and latter years of the war.

The original Flowers had amast located immediately forward the bridge, a notable exception to naval practice at that time. The modified Flowers saw the mast returned to the normal position immediately aft of the bridge; this does not seem to have been done in all of the modified builds or conversions of the original vessels. Acruiser stern finished the appearance for all vessels in the class.

The RN ordered 145 Flower-class corvettes in 1939, the first 26 on 25 July with a further batch of 30 on 31 August, all under the 1939 Pre-War Programme. Following the outbreak ofWorld War II, the BritishAdmiralty ordered another 20 on 19 September (all fromHarland & Wolff) under the 1939 War Programme. This was followed by an order for a further ten Flower-class corvettes from other British shipbuilders two days later. Another 18 were ordered on 12 December and two on 15 December, again from British shipbuilders. In January 1940, the RN ordered the last ten vessels under the 1939 War Programme from Canadian shipbuilders.

By the end of January 1940, 116 ships were building or on order to this initial design. The ten vessels ordered from Canadian shipbuilders were transferred to the RCN upon completion. Another four vessels were ordered atSmiths Dock Company for theFrench Navy, the first ship being completed for theFree French Naval Forces in mid-1940 and the other three being taken over by the RN. Another 31 Flowers were ordered by the RN under the 1940 War Programme but six of these (ordered from Harland & Wolff) were cancelled on 23 January 1941.

The RN ordered 27 modified Flower-class corvettes under the 1941 and 1942 War Programmes. British shipbuilders were contracted to build seven of these vessels under the 1941 Programme and five vessels under the 1942 Programme; two vessels (one from each year's Programme) were later cancelled. The RN ordered fifteen modified Flowers from Canadian shipyards under the 1941 programme; eight of these were transferred to the USN under reverseLend-Lease.

The RCN ordered seventy original and 34 modified Flower-class vessels from Canadian shipbuilders. The Canadian shipbuilders also built seven original Flowers ordered by the USN, which were transferred to the RN under the Lend-Lease Programme upon completion, because wartime shipbuilding production in the United States had reached the level where the USN could dispense with vessels it had ordered in Canada. The RCN vessels had several design variations from their RN counterparts: the "bandstand", where the aftpom-pom gun was mounted, was moved to the rear of the superstructure; the galley was also moved forward, immediately abaft the engine room.

Shortly after the outbreak of war the French Navy ordered 18 Flower-class vessels, 12 from UK yards, two fromAteliers et Chantiers de France atDunkirk and four fromAteliers et Chantiers de Penhoët atSaint-Nazaire.^[10][11] The two At. & Ch. de France ships are listed as "cancelled" but the four Penhoët ships were under construction at the time of theFall of France and were seized byNazi Germany.^[12] Three were completed forKriegsmarine service and commissioned in 1943–44 as thePatrouillenboot Ausland patrol ships.^[11][13]

The original Flower class were fitted with a 4-inch (102 mm) gun on the bow, depth charge racks carrying 40 charges on the stern, a minesweeping winch and a 2-pounder (40 mm)pom-pom gun on a "bandstand" over the engine room. Due to shortages, a pair ofLewis guns or quadrupleVickers HMG was sometimes substituted for the pom-pom, which would have left the ship very vulnerable to aircraft attack in its envisaged role of coastal convoy escort and patrol in theNorth Sea.

The long-range endurance of the vessels, coupled with early war-time shortages of larger escort warships, saw Flowers assigned to trans-Atlantic convoy escort whereLuftwaffe aircraft were rarely encountered. Vessels assigned to theMediterranean Sea usually had more anti-aircraft guns fitted. Underwater detection capability was provided by a fixedASDIC dome. This was later modified to be retractable. Subsequent inventions such as the High Frequency Radio Direction Finder (Huff-Duff) were later added, along withradar systems, such as theType 271, which proved particularly effective in low-visibility conditions in the North Atlantic.

The Flower class were designed for inshore patrol and harbour anti-submarine defence and many required minor modifications when the Allied navies began to use them as trans-Atlantic convoy escorts. These small warships could be supported by any small dockyard or naval station, so many ships came to have a variety of weapons systems and design modifications depending upon when and where they were refitted. There is really no such thing as a 'standard Flower-class corvette'

Several of the major changes that vessels in the class underwent are indicated below, in a typical chronological order:

• Original twin mast configuration changed to single mast in front of the bridge, then moved behind the bridge for improved visibility.
• Heavy minesweeping gear removed for deep-sea escort work and to improve range.
• Galley relocated from the stern to midships.
• Extra depth charge storage racks were fitted at the stern. Later, more depth charges stowed along walkways.
• Hedgehog fitted to enable remote attacks while keeping ASDIC contact.
• Surface radar fitted in a "lantern" housing on the bridge.
• Forecastle lengthened to midships to provide more accommodation and better seaworthiness. Several vessels were given a "three-quarters length" extension.
• Increased flare at the bow. This and the above modification created the modified Flower design for subsequent orders.
• Various changes to the bridge, typically lowering and lengthening it. Enclosed compass house removed.
• Extra twin Lewis guns mounted on the bridge or engine room roof.
• Oerlikon 20 mm cannons fitted, usually two on the bridge wings but sometimes as many as six spread out along the engine-room roof, depending on the theatre of operations.

A ship could have any mix of these, or other specialist one-off modifications. Ships allocated to other navies such as the RCN or USN usually had different armament and deck layouts. A major difference between the RN vessels and the RCN, USN, and other navies' vessels was the provision of upgraded ASDIC and radar. The RN was a world leader in developing these technologies and RN Flowers were somewhat better-equipped for remote detection of enemy submarines. A good example of this is the difficulty that RCN Flowers had in intercepting U-boats with their Canadian-designed SW1C metric radar, while the RN vessels were equipped with the technologically advanced Type 271 centimetric sets. In addition, RCN vessels were incapable of operatinggyrocompasses, making ASDIC attacks more difficult.

Flower-class corvettes were used extensively by the RN and RCN in theBattle of the Atlantic. They also saw limited service elsewhere with the RN, as well as the USN and several Allied navies such as the Royal Netherlands Navy, the Royal Norwegian Navy, the Royal Hellenic Navy, the Free French Naval Forces, the Royal Indian Navy, and the Royal New Zealand Navy. TheBelgian Navy used some of these vessels during World War II, and have continued to use Flower names fortheir minehunters. Most Royal Navy Flower-class ships drew their officers and crew from theRoyal Naval Reserve and theRoyal Navy Volunteer Reserve (RNVR). Many RN Flowers had captains drawn from theMerchant Navy.

Service on Flowers in the North Atlantic was typically cold, wet, monotonous and uncomfortable. Every dip of theforecastle into an oncoming wave was followed by a cascade of water into the well deck amidships.^[14] Men at action stations were drenched with spray and water entered living spaces through hatches opened for access to ammunition magazines.^[14] Interior decks were constantly wet and condensation dripped from the overheads.^[14]

The head (or sanitary toilet) was drained by a straight pipe to the ocean. A reverse flow of the icy North Atlantic would cleanse the backside of those using it during rough weather.^[14] By 1941 corvettes carried twice as many crewmen as anticipated in the original design.^[14] Men slept on lockers or tabletops or in any dark place that offered a little warmth.^[14] The inability to store perishable food meant a reliance on preserved food such as corned-beef and powdered potato for all meals.^[15]

The Flowers were nicknamed "thepekingese of the ocean". They had a reputation of having poor sea-handling characteristics, most oftenrolling in heavy seas, with 80-degree rolls, 40 degrees each side of upright, being fairly common; it was said they "would roll on wet grass".^[16] Many crewmen suffered severe motion sickness for a few weeks until they acclimatised to shipboard life.^[14] Although poor in their sea-handling characteristics, the Flowers were extremely seaworthy; no Allied sailor was ever lost overboard from a Flower during World War II, outside combat.

A typical action by a Flower encountering a surfaced U-boat during convoy escort duties was to run directly at the submarine, forcing it to dive and thus limiting its speed and manoeuvrability. The corvette would then keep the submarine down and preoccupied with avoiding depth charge attacks long enough to allow the convoy to pass safely. The 16 kn (30 km/h; 18 mph) top speed of the Flower-class ships made effective pursuit of a surfaced U-boat [about 17 kn (31 km/h; 20 mph)] impossible, though it was adequate to manoeuvre around submerged U-boats or convoys, both of which ran at a typical maximum of 8 kn (15 km/h; 9.2 mph) and sometimes much less in poor weather. The low speed also made it difficult for Flowers to catch up with the convoy after action.^[9]

This technique was hampered when theKriegsmarine began deploying its U-boats in "wolf-pack" attacks, which were intended to overwhelm the escort warships of a convoy and allow at least one of the submarines to attack the merchant vessels. Better sensors and armament for the Flowers, such as radar,HF/DF, depth charge projectors andASDIC, meant these small warships were well equipped to detect and defend against such attacks. The tactical advantage often lay with the attackers, who could mount attacks intended to draw the defending Flower off-station.

Success for the Flowers should be measured in terms of tonnage protected, rather than U-boats sunk. Typical reports of convoy actions by these craft include numerous instances of U-boat detection near a convoy, followed by brief engagements using guns or depth charges and a rapid return to station as another U-boat took advantage of the skirmish to attack the unguarded convoy.

Continuous actions against a numerically superior U-boat pack demanded considerable seamanship skills from all concerned and were very wearing on the crews. Thirty-six ships in the class were lost during World War II, many due to enemy action, some to collision with Allied warships and merchant ships. One, sunk in shallow water, was raised and repaired. Of the vessels lost to enemy action, 22 were torpedoed by U-boats, five weremined and four were sunk by aircraft.

The Flower-class corvettes are credited with participating in the sinking of 47 German and four Italian submarines. Construction of the Flower-class was superseded toward the end of the war as larger shipyards concentrated onRiver-classfrigates and smaller yards on the improvedCastle-class corvette design. The Flower class represented fully half of all Allied convoy escort vessels in the North Atlantic during World War II.

The following tables list all Flower-class corvettes which served in the Allied navies duringWorld War II.

In 1940, four Flower-class corvettes were being built in St. Nazaire-Penhoet for the French Navy. They were seized by theKriegsmarine (German Navy). Three were completed in 1943 and 1944. The fourth was never finished. Their designation "PA" stood forPatroullienboot Ausland (foreign patrol craft).

• U-26 was sunk byGladiolus on 1 July 1940.
• Marcello-classsubmarineNani was sunk byAnemone on 7 January 1941
• U-70 was sunk byCamellia andArbutus on 7 March 1941
• U-110 was captured on 9 May 1941 by the destroyersBulldog andBroadway and the corvetteAubrietia.U-110 was sunk the next day to preserve the secret.
• U-147 was sunk by the destroyerWanderer andPeriwinkle on 2 June 1941
• U-556 was sunk byNasturtium,Celandine, andGladiolus on 17 June 1941
• U-651 was sunk by the destroyersMalcolm,Scimitar, the corvettesArabis andViolet, and the minesweeperSpeedwell on 29 June 1941
• U-401 was sunk by the destroyersWanderer andSt. Albans and the corvetteHydrangea on 3 August 1941
• U-501 was sunk byChambly andMoosejaw on 10 September 1941
• Argonauta-classsubmarineFisalia was sunk byHyacinth on 28 September 1941
• U-204 was sunk byMallow and the sloopRochester on 19 October 1941
• U-433 was sunk byMarigold on 16 November 1941
• U-131 was sunk by the destroyersExmoor,Blankney,Stanley, the corvettePentstemon, the sloopStork, and aMartlet aircraft fromAudacity on 17 December 1941
• U-567 was sunk by the sloopDeptford andSamphire on 21 December 1941
• U-356 was sunk by the destroyerSt. Laurent, withChilliwack,Battleford andNapanee on 27 December 1942
• U-756 was sunk byMorden on 1 September 1942
• U-94 was sunk by a USCatalina flying boat andOakville on 28 August 1942
• U-588 was sunk byWetaskiwin and the destroyerSkeena on 31 July 1942
• U-379 was sunk byDianthus on 8 August 1942
• Perla-classsubmarinePerla was captured byHyacinth on 9 July 1942
• U-660 was scuttled after being damaged byLotus andStarwort on 12 November 1942
• U-124 was sunk byStonecrop and the sloopBlack Swan on 2 April 1943
• U-82 was sunk by the sloopRochester andTamarisk on 6 February 1942
• U-252 was sunk by the sloopStork andVetch on 14 April 1942
• U-432 was sunk by the corvetteAconit on 11 March 1943
• U-444 was sunk by the destroyerHarvester and the corvetteAconit on 11 March 1943
• U-609 was sunk by the corvetteLobelia on 7 February 1943
• U-536 was sunk by the frigateNene, withSnowberry andCalgary on 20 November 1943
• U-753 was sunk byDrumheller, the frigateLagan, and a CanadianSunderland seaplane on 13 May 1943
• Flutto-classsubmarineTritone was sunk byPort Arthur and the destroyerAntelope on 19 January 1943
• U-163 was sunk byPrescott on 13 March 1943
• Acciaio-classsubmarineAvorio was sunk byRegina on 8 February 1943
• U-87 was sunk byShediac and the destroyerSt. Croix on 4 March 1943
• U-224 was sunk byVille de Quebec on 13 January 1943
• U-135 was sunk by the sloopRochester, the corvettesMignonette andBalsam, and an AmericanConsolidated PBY Catalina aircraft on 15 July 1943
• U-306 was sunk by the destroyerWhitehall andGeranium on 31 October 1943
• U-617 was destroyed while grounded byHyacinth and the Australian minesweeperWollongong on 12 September 1943
• U-436 was sunk by the frigateTest andHyderabad on 26 May 1943
• U-192 was sunk byLoosestrife on 6 May 1943
• U-125 was sunk by the destroyerOribi andSnowflake on 6 May 1943
• U-634 was sunk by the sloopStork andStonecrop on 30 August 1943
• U-638 was sunk bySunflower on 5 May 1943
• U-631 was sunk bySunflower on 17 October 1943
• U-282 was sunk by the destroyersVidette andDuncan and the corvetteSunflower on 29 October 1943
• U-414 was sunk byVetch. on 25 May 1943
• U-523 was sunk by the destroyerWanderer andWallflower on 25 August 1943
• U-757 was sunk by the frigateBayntun andCamrose on 8 January 1944
• U-744 was sunk by the destroyersIcarus,Chaudiere,Gatineau, the frigateSt. Catharines, and the corvettesFennel,Chilliwack, andKenilworth Castle on 6 March 1944
• U-741 was sunk byOrchis on 15 August 1944
• U-641 was sunk byViolet on 19 January 1944
• U-845 was sunk by the destroyersForester andSt. Laurent, the corvetteOwen Sound and the frigateSwansea on 10 March 1944
• U-1199 was sunk by the destroyerIcarus andMignonette on 21 January 1945

The relatively small Flowers were among the first warships to be declared surplus by Allied navies following the end of World War II. They had seen years of hard service in the North Atlantic and were made obsolete by the numerous destroyer escorts and frigates that entered service in the latter part of the war.

32 vessels from the RN, RCN, and USN were transferred toArgentina,Chile, theDominican Republic,Greece,India, theRepublic of Ireland,South Africa, andVenezuela. These were typically operated according to their original design, as coastal patrol vessels, with many serving until the 1970s.

TheIrish Navy bought three Flowers in 1946 (LE Macha,LE Cliona, andLE Maev). The fledgling navy had intended to buy three more corvettes, as well as a number of surplusminesweepers, but severe budget restrictions cancelled these plans, leaving the original three to serve alone through the 1950s and 1960s despite antiquated armament, poor accommodation, and maintenance problems. They were taken out of service between 1968 and 1970, and scrapped shortly afterwards. Replaced byTon-class minesweepers before the building of a similar size vessel, LEDeirdre. Entry into theEuropean Economic Community in 1973 assisted in funding for the building of three future ships.

110 surplus Flowers were sold for commercial use. These saw careers as mercantile freighters, smugglers, tugs, weather ships, and whalers. The remainder were scrapped. Of particular interest is the story ofHMCS Sudbury. She was declared surplus by the RCN and sold as a towboat specializing in deep-sea salvage. In November 1955, she rescued the freighterMakedonia in theNorth Pacific, towing the vessel for over one month through severe weather, becoming one of the most famous salvage ships of all time.

The surplus RCN FlowersNorsyd andBeauharnois were sold as mercantile freighters but were subsequently acquired in 1946 by theMossad LeAliyah Bet, a branch of the Jewish Defense Association (Haganah) in theBritish Mandate for Palestine.Mossad Le'aliyah Bet organized Jewish immigration from Europe into Palestine, in violation of unilateral British restrictions. The corvettes were intercepted in theMediterranean Sea during the summer of 1946 by the destroyerVenus andinterned in Palestine. After Israel became independent in 1948, these commercial ships were commissioned into theIsraeli Navy as the warshipsHashomer andHagana respectively.

Allied navies disposed of their Flowers so quickly following the war, the RN could not supply a single vessel to playCompass Rose in the 1953 film production ofNicholas Monsarrat's novelThe Cruel Sea. TheRoyal Hellenic Navy suppliedKriezis (formerlyHMS Coreopsis) for the role prior to her scrapping.

The only survivor of the entire class isSackville, owned by the Canadian Naval Memorial Trust. She was laid up in reserve in March 1946 and converted in 1952 to a research vessel for Canadian Department of Marine and Fisheries, a role she served in until the early 1980s when she was acquired by the trust.^[37] She has been restored to her wartime appearance and serves in the summer months as a museum ship inHalifax, Nova Scotia, while wintering securely in the naval dockyard atCFB Halifax under the care ofMaritime Forces Atlantic,Maritime Command.

Sackville's presence in Halifax is considered very appropriate, given the port was an important North American convoy assembly port during the war.Sackville makes her first appearance each spring when she is towed by a naval tug from HMC Dockyard to a location offPoint Pleasant Park on the first Sunday in May to participate in theCommemoration of the Battle of the Atlantic ceremonies held at a memorial in the park overlooking the entrance toHalifax Harbour.Sackville typically hosts several dozen RCN veterans on this day and has participated in severalburials at sea for dispersing the ashes of RCN veterans of the Battle of the Atlantic at this location.

• Alex H. Cherry wroteYankee R N, the story of a Wall Street banker who volunteered for active duty in the RN, including details of Flower operations.
• Peter Coy, who served inNarcissus in the North Atlantic between June 1942 and August 1944, wrote 'The Echo of a Fighting Flower' about her and B3 Escort Group, comprising two British and four Free French corvettes.
• Hugh Garner wroteStorm Below which provides a detailed account of Flower-class corvettes and the stresses of shipboard life during World War II.
• James B. Lamb wroteThe Corvette Navy, which accounts the use of these vessels by the RCN during World War II.
• Hal Lawrence wroteA Bloody War including first-hand accounts of his service aboardMoosejaw andOakville.
• Nicholas Monsarrat wrote the best-known fictionalised account of Flower-class corvette operations in his novelThe Cruel Sea. A less well known volume by the same author,Three Corvettes, is a collection of wartime essays of his personal experiences as an officer on board a Flower, although only the first part deals with North Atlantic convoy escort duties.
• Robert Radcliffe wroteUpon Dark Waters, a fictionalized account of Flower-class corvetteDaisy, set in 1942 on the North Atlantic.
• Denys Rayner wroteEscort, a first-hand account of his experiences as an officer aboard a Flower.
• Douglas Reeman's 1969 novelTo Risks Unknown features the fictional Flower-class corvetteThistle.
• Mac Johnston wrote "Corvettes Canada" aptly subtitled "Convoy Veterans of World War II Tell Their True Stories."

• American Flower-class corvettes
• Bathurst-class corvette
• Whale catcher
• List of escorteurs of the French Navy