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Part of a series on
Wildlife ofPakistan
Biodiversity Fauna andFlora Wildflowers Trees Molluscs Ants Odonates Butterflies Moths Spiders Crustaceans Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals Endangered species
Conservation Protected areas National parks Game reserves Wildlife sanctuaries Wetlands sites Protected and reserved forests of Pakistan Biosphere reserves of Pakistan List of marine protected areas of Pakistan
Organizations National Ministry of Environment (Pakistan) Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Dhodial Pheasantry Zoological Survey Department of Pakistan Sindh Wildlife Department Punjab Wildlife Department Khyber Pakhtukhwa Wildlife Department Baluchistan Wildlife Department Gilgit Baltistan Wildlife Department Himalayan Wildlife Foundation National Institute of Oceanography (Pakistan) International CITES IUCN WSPA WWF Snow Leopard Trust
Related topics Ecoregions Forestry Fishing Agriculture Tourism Botanical andZoological gardens Environmental issues
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Pakistan's native flora reflects its varied climatic zones, which range from arid and semi-arid to temperate and tropical.

For further details of habitats, seeEcoregions of Pakistan,Forestry in Pakistan andWildlife of Pakistan.

Pakistan hasconifer forests in most of the northern and north-western highlands. These occur from 1,000 to 4,000 m altitudes.Swat,Upper Dir,Lower Dir,Malakand,Mansehra andAbbottabad districts ofKhyber Pakhtunkhwa (formerly North-West Frontier Province) are the main areas covered with coniferous forests. Pindrow fir (Abies pindrow) and Morinda spruce (Picea smithiana) occupy the highest altitudes, deodar (Cedrus deodara) and blue pine (Pinus wallichiana), the intermediate heights, and chir pine (Pinus roxburghii), occupy the lower areas with meadows oforchids,rose andjasmine scattered in the valleys.

In most ofPunjab andSindh, the Indus plains have manyfluvial landforms that support various natural biomes including tropical and subtropicaldry andmoist broadleaf forestry as well astropical andxeric shrublands (deserts ofThal in Punjab,Tharparkar in Sindh) and kair (Capparis aphylla) which provide firewood. Theriparian woodlands grow in narrow belts along the banks ofRiver Indus and its tributaries. The main tree species include sheesham and babul, while the dominant shrubs arereed beds and tamarisk (Tamarix dioica) bushes. The diverseMargalla hills ecoregion has rain loving plants likebombax ceiba,ficus lacor andbutea monosperma. The forests ofBhimber particularly theDeva Vatala National Park has trees like Mango (mangifera indica) and Neem (Azadirachta indica).

In the south of Sindh areIndus River Delta in west andGreat Rann of Kutch in east. The largestsaltwater wetland in Pakistan is the Indus River Delta. Unlike many other river deltas, it consists ofclay soil and is very swampy. The Great Rann of Kutch below theThar Desert is not as swampy and exhibits shrubland vegetation of rather dry thorny shrubs as well as marsh grasses ofApluda andCenchrus. Other saltwater wetlands are located on the coast of Balochistan such as atSonmiani andJiwani. These and Indus River Delta supportmangrove forestry, mainly of speciesAvicennia marina.

• Ecoregions of Pakistan
• Wildlife of Pakistan
• Forestry in Pakistan
• Fauna of Pakistan
• Trees of Pakistan
• Wildflowers of Pakistan
• List of botanical gardens in Pakistan

Wikimedia Commons has media related toFlora of Pakistan.

• Missouri Botanical Garden - Inventory of the Plants of Pakistan
• efloras.org - Flora of Pakistan
• Lahore Gardening Blog - Encyclopaedia of flowers
• Pakistan Plant Database (PPD)
• PARC Databases byPakistan Agricultural Research Council

• Flora of Pakistan

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