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Flag of Tanzania

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

United Republic of Tanzania
UseNational flag,civil andstate ensignSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagReverse side is mirror image of obverse side
Proportion2:3
Adopted30 June 1964; 61 years ago (1964-06-30)
DesignA golden-edged black diagonal band divided diagonally from the lower hoist-side corner: the upper triangle is green and the lower triangle is light blue.
Presidential Standard of Tanzania
Proportion2:3
DesignA green field with a blue border with the national coat of arms (without humans) imposed at the center.
Tanzanian flag at theUniversity of Dar es Salaam
Mountaineer Alex Nyirenda atopUhuru Peak withTanganyika flag, on a Tanganyika stamp

Thenational flag ofTanzania (bendera ya Tanzania) consists of a gold-edged blackbend, divided diagonally from the lower hoist-side corner, with a green upper triangle and light blue lower triangle. Adopted in 1964 to replace the individual flags ofTanganyika andZanzibar, it has been the flag of theUnited Republic of Tanzania since the two states merged that year. The design of the present flag incorporates the elements from the two former flags. It is one of a relatively small number of national flags incorporating a diagonal line (heraldic bend, bend sinister), with other examples including theDR Congo,Republic of the Congo,Namibia,Saint Kitts and Nevis,Trinidad and Tobago andBrunei.

History

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TheUnited Kingdom – together with its dominionSouth Africa and fellowAllied powerBelgium – occupied the majority ofGerman East Africa in 1916 during theEast African Campaign. Three years later, the British were tasked with administering theTanganyika Territory as aLeague of Nations mandate. It was turned into aUN Trust Territory afterWorld War II, when the LN dissolved in 1946 and theUnited Nations was formed.[1][2] In 1954, theTanganyika African Association – which spoke out against British colonial rule[2] – became theTanganyika African National Union (TANU) under the leadership ofJulius Nyerere andOscar Kambona.[1] The aim of the political party was to attain independence for the territory;[2] its flag was atricolour consisting of three horizontal green, black and yellow bands.[3] Shortly before independence in 1961,elections were held in Tanganyika. After the TANU won comprehensively, the British colonial leaders advised them to utilise the design of their party's flag as inspiration for a new national flag. As a result, yellow stripes were added, andTanganyika became independent on 9 December 1961.[3]

TheSultanate of Zanzibar – which was a Britishprotectorate until 1963[2] – used a red flag during its reign over the island. The last sultan was overthrown in theZanzibar Revolution on 12 January 1964, and theAfro-Shirazi Party – the ruling political party of the newly formedPeople's Republic of Zanzibar – adopted a national flag the next month that was inspired by its own party flag.[3][4] This consisted of a tricolour with three horizontal blue, black and green bands.[3]

In April 1964, both Tanganyika and Zanzibar united in order to form a single country – the United Republic ofTanzania.[2] Consequently, the flag designs of the two states were amalgamated to establish a new national flag.[3][5] The green and black colours from the flag of Tanganyika were retained along with the blue from Zanzibar's flag,[4] with a diagonal design used "for distinctiveness".[3] This combined design was adopted on 30 June 1964.[4] It was featured on the first set of stamps issued by the newly unified country.[6] Since 2005, Zanzibar has also used its own regional flag: a horizontal arrangement of blue, black, and green with the national flag of Tanzania in the canton. The design reflects Zanzibar’s identity within the union while maintaining visual ties to Tanzania’s national colours.[7]

Design

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Symbolism

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The colors and symbols of the flag carry cultural, political, and regional meanings. The green alludes to the natural vegetation and "rich agricultural resources" of the country,[3][5] while black represents theSwahili people who are native to Tanzania.[5] The blue epitomizes theIndian Ocean,[3] as well as the nation's numerous lakes and rivers.[5] The thin stripes stand for Tanzania's mineral wealth,[3][4][8] derived from the "rich deposits" in the land.[5] WhileWhitney Smith in theEncyclopædia Britannica andDorling Kindersley'sComplete Flags of the World describe thefimbriations as yellow,[3][4] other sources – such asThe World Factbook and Simon Clarke in the journalAzania: Archaeological Research in Africa – contend that it is actually gold.[5][8]

Historical flags

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FlagDurationUseDescription
1885–1891Flag ofGerman East Africa
1891–1918Flag ofGerman East AfricaA horizontal black-white-red tricolour with the GermanReichsadler in a white circle in the middle.
1919–1961Flag of Tanganyika TerritoryA BritishRed Ensign with the Emblem of the BritishLeague of Nations mandate (a BritishUN Trust Territory after 1946) centred on the outer half of the flag.
1961–1964Flag ofTanganyikaA green field with a gold-edged black horizontal band in the centre.
1505–1521Flag ofPortuguese ZanzibarA white field with the coat of arms in the center.
1521–1578Flag ofPortuguese ZanzibarA white field with the coat of arms in the center.
1578–1640Flag ofPortuguese ZanzibarA white field with the coat of arms in the center.
1640–1667Flag ofPortuguese ZanzibarA white field with the coat of arms in the center.
1667–1698Flag ofPortuguese ZanzibarA white field with the coat of arms in the center.
1698–1856Flag ofZanzibar as a part of theOmani EmpireA plain red field.
1856–1896Flag of theSultanate of Zanzibar13 horizontal stripes. 4 red, 4 green, 2 white and 3 yellow with 8 green crescent moons. 3 in the superior and inferior yellow stripes and 2 in the central yellow stripe.
1896–1963Flag of theSultanate of Zanzibar (British protectorate)A plain red field.
1963–1964Flag of theSultanate of ZanzibarA red field with a green disk in the centre bearing two yellowcloves in the centre.
12–29 January 1964Flag of thePeople's Republic of ZanzibarA horizontaltricolour of black, yellow and blue.
29 January–26 April 1964Flag of thePeople's Republic of ZanzibarA horizontaltricolour of blue, black and green.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ab"Tanzania profile".BBC News. BBC. Retrieved6 August 2014.
  2. ^abcde"History of Tanzania". Lonely Planet. Retrieved6 August 2014.
  3. ^abcdefghijSmith, Whitney (21 November 2013)."Flag of Tanzania".Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved6 August 2014.(subscription required)
  4. ^abcdeKindersley Ltd., Dorling (6 January 2009).Complete Flags of the World. Penguin. p. 96.ISBN 9780756654863.
  5. ^abcdef"Tanzania".The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved6 August 2014.
  6. ^"First Set Of Stamps Issued By Tanzania".Toledo Blade. 26 December 1965. p. H6. Retrieved6 August 2014.
  7. ^"Zanzibar Flag". Tanzania Safaris. Retrieved5 August 2024.
  8. ^abClarke, Simon (2003). "An analysis of a commemorative kanga design".Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa.38 (1):166–167.doi:10.1080/00672700309480364.S2CID 162453965.(registration required)

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