 | |
| Use | Civil flag  |
|---|---|
| Proportion | 2:3 |
| Adopted | October 21, 1895; 129 years ago (1895-10-21)[1] |
| Design | A vertical triband of red (left), white (middle), and blue (right), with a shield in the center with the name "Cleveland" breaking through near the top. The bottom portion of the shield is outlined in red and consists of the year "1796" surrounded by a laurel wreath. The top portion is outlined in blue with symbols representing the city's association with industry and maritime interests. At the bottom is the municipal motto "Progress & Prosperity". |
| Designed by | Susan Hepburn[2][3] |
Theflag of Cleveland serves as the representative banner of the city ofCleveland,Ohio, United States. Ohio's oldest city flag, it was designed by local art school graduate, Susan Hepburn.[2] The flag was officially adopted as the municipal banner byCleveland City Council on October 21, 1895,[1] with the ordinance on the flag adopted on February 24, 1896.[4]
Cleveland's municipal charter, adopted in 1913, describes the flag as follows:
The Municipal emblem of the City shall be a banner of the following description and design: the banner shall consist of three (3) vertical stripes, of equal width, in color red, white and blue respectively, the red being nearest the standard and the white in the center. The middle stripe shall bear the American shield with the word ‘Cleveland,’ in blue, across its center, and the figures ‘1796’ in red, at its base, encircled by alaurel wreath. The outline of the lower half of the shield shall be in red and of the upper in blue. In the upper left-hand corner of the shield shall stand ananvil,hammer andwheel, and in the upper right-hand corner ananchor,windlass andoars. Under the shield, in black letters, shall be placed the words 'Progress and Prosperity.'[1]
Both the colors and the use of the American shield represent patriotism. 1796 is the year in which Cleveland was founded by GeneralMoses Cleaveland. The anvil, hammer, and wheel represent industry and manufacturing, while the anchor, windlass (alternatively,capstan), and oars represent the city's status as a majorport on theGreat Lakes. The municipal motto, "Progress and Prosperity", refers to the rapid growth that Cleveland experienced in theperiod of the flag's adoption.[1]
The idea for a Cleveland flag was first proposed byNew York journalistJulian Ralph in an interview at theHollenden Hotel withPlain Dealer reporter William Stokely Lloydon on April 24, 1895. Elaborating on the idea, Ralph stated:
Let us make our citizens proud of the virtues of our cities. Let us make them jealous of the political reputation of our cities. Let us cause them to be intent upon good government and upon maintaining it. One way to do this is to fly the city flag over their heads.[1]
The proposal was positively received by both city leaders and the public, and it sparked a contest to design a new flag in advance of the city's centenary sponsored byThe Plain Dealer. The selection committee was chaired by Ohio artistArchibald Willard. More than two dozen entries were submitted, including proposals with municipal seals featuring theColumbia-likegoddess of liberty inclassical Greek dress accompanied byLatin mottos.[1]
The contest winner was Susan Hepburn, an 18-year-old art school graduate and a descendant ofAmerican settlers of theConnecticut Western Reserve.[5] The selection committee praised her design for its "power and simplicity."[1] Robert Beach, thePlain Dealer reporter who delivered the prize to Hepburn, later became her husband.[2] Some Clevelanders opposed the adoption of any municipal flag, fearing that it would compete with theflag of the United States.[1]
There was some confusion about what "official adoption" meant in practice, since at the time there was no legal precedent on the matter, and the only city in the United States to officially adopt theflag wasPhiladelphia. A Cleveland cigar manufacturer tried to take advantage of this uncertainty and quicklyregistered the design as its owntrademark.[6]
On October 21, 1895, the flag was approved byCleveland City Council. The city's flag committee later resolved to add a municipal motto to the design on October 25. Although the Latin motto "Major et Melior" (Greater and Better) was originally favored by city leaders, MayorRobert McKisson instead advocated theEnglish motto "Unity and Progress", which eventually became "Progress and Prosperity". Mayor McKisson announced that it would be added to the flag on November 13, 1895.[1] An ordinance was put in place on the banner on February 24, 1896, the year in which Cleveland celebrated its centennial.[7] The adoption of the Cleveland flag inspiredCincinnati to adopt aflag of its own.[1]
In 2025, a Northeast Ohio civic group adopted a "people's flag" of Cleveland.[8] The "people's flag" originated in a 2024 effort to redesign the official city flag.[9][10] Many Clevelanders opposed changing the official flag, which they viewed as the "city's symbol for over a century."[3][11] The idea of changing the official flag was also declined by Cleveland City Council.[8] However, council members supported making the alternative design an unofficial "people's flag" of Cleveland.[11] In March 2025, the design of the "people's flag" was announced. The design was selected through an online contest, with hundreds of entries and thousands of votes cast. In the end, Shan Rodich's design emerged as the winner.[12]
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