Egyptians bringing in fish and splitting them for salting
Fishing has existed as a means of obtaining food since theMesolithic period. Fishing had become a major means of survival as well as a business venture.[4]
According to theFAO, there were about 39 million fishermen in countries producing more than 200,000 tonnes in 2012,
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which is nearly 140% the number in 1995. The totalfishery production of 66 million tonnes equated to an average productivity of 3.5 tonnes per person.[2]
Most of this growth took place inAsian countries, where four-fifths of world fishermen and fish farmers dwell.[2]
Most fishermen are involved in offshore and deep-sea fisheries. Women and men fish in some regions inshore from small boats or collectshellfish andseaweed. In manyartisanal fishing communities, women or men are responsible for making and repairingnets, post-harvestprocessing andmarketing.[2]
Recreational fishing is fishing for pleasure or competition. It can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is fishing foreconomic profit, orsubsistence fishing, which is fishing for survival.
The most common form of recreational fishing is done with arod,reel,line,hooks and any one of a wide range ofbaits.Lures are frequently used in place of bait. Some people make handmade lures, includingplastic lures andartificial flies.
The practice of catching or attempting to catch fish with a hook is calledangling, and fishers using this technique are sometimes referred to asanglers. When angling, it is sometimes expected or required that the fish becaught and released.Big-game fishing is fishing from boats to catch large open-water species such astuna,sharks andmarlin.Noodling andtrout tickling are also recreational activities.
poor vessel maintenance and inadequate safety equipment
lack of awareness of or ignoring stability issues.
Many fishermen, while accepting that fishing is dangerous, staunchly defend their independence. Many proposed laws and additional regulation to increase safety have been defeated because fishers oppose them.[6]
Alaska's commercial fishermen work in one of the world's harshest environments. The hardships they endure include isolated fishing grounds, high winds, seasonal darkness, very cold water, icing, and short fishing seasons, when very long work days are the norm. Fatigue, physicalstress, and financial pressures face most Alaska fishermen through their careers. Out of 948 work-related deaths in Alaska during 1990–2006, one-third (311) were of fishermen. This is estimated to be equivalent to an annualfatality rate of 128 per 100,000 workers/year. This fatality rate is 26 times the overall U.S. work-related fatality rate of about 5 per 100,000 workers/year for the same time period.[7]
While the work-related fatality rate for commercial fishermen in Alaska is still very high, it does appear to be decreasing: since 1990, there has been a 51 percent decline in the annual fatality rate. The successes in commercial fishing are due in part to theU.S. Coast Guard implementing new safety requirements in the early 1990s. These safety requirements contributed to 96 percent of commercial fishermen surviving vessel sinkings/capsizings in 2004, whereas in 1991, only 73 percent survived. While the number of occupational deaths of commercial fishermen in Alaska has been reduced, there is a continuing pattern of losing 20 to 40 vessels every year. There are still about 100 fishermen who must be rescued each year from cold Alaska waters. Successful rescue is still dependent on the expertly trained personnel of the US Coast GuardSearch and Rescue operations, but their efforts can be hindered by the harshness of seas and the weather. Furthermore, the people involved in Search and Rescue operations are themselves at considerable risk of injury or death during these rescue attempts.[7]
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