Records of the use of fish ponds can be found from the early Middle Ages. "The idealizedeighth-century estate of Charlemagne'scapitularyde villis was to have artificial fishponds but two hundred years later, facilities for raising fish remained very rare, even on monastic estates.".[1] As the Middle Ages progressed, fish ponds became a more common feature of urbanizing environments.[1]
Those with access to fish ponds had a controlled source of food, not unlike pastures for cattle and sheep, for use on days when it was not permitted to eat meat. However fish ponds were difficult to maintain. They were a mark of power and authority, since only rich nobles and institutions such as monasteries could afford to maintain them.[1] In winter, supplying fresh food for a castle garrison was a constant struggle. Nobles had access to meat fromdeer parks, but this did not supply the needs of whole households. Though fish ponds required maintenance to keep them healthy,[1] they were an elegant way of giving monasteries and noble houses access to fresh fish.
Some of the more popular species of fish farmed in fish ponds werecarp andpike. From the14th century onward these fish proved to be a popular feature of artificial fish ponds.[1]
Fish ponds are also being promoted indeveloping countries. They provide asource of food and income from the sale of fish for small farmers and can also supply irrigation needs and water for livestock.[2] The ecosystem and production services offered by carp farming in fish ponds have immense societal and economic advantages. For example, per production cycle,common carp aquaculture in the wholeCentral and Eastern Europe fishponds offer at least 579 million € worth of services, some of which are realized while a larger part is intangible. European carp aquaculture in fishponds has a smaller footprint than other crop and livestock sectors in theEuropean Union.[3]
^abcdeHoffmann, Richard C. (1996). "Economic Development and Aquatic Ecosystems in Medieval Europe".The American Historical Review.101 (3):631–669.doi:10.2307/2169418.JSTOR2169418.
Hoffmann, Richard C. (1996). "Economic Development and Aquatic Ecosystems in Medieval Europe".The American Historical Review.101 (3):631–669.doi:10.2307/2169418.JSTOR2169418.
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