The project was originally announced in 2003, withClint Eastwood slated to direct. After that rendition fell through, Chazelle, Gosling and Singer all signed on by 2015, and principal photography began inAtlanta in November 2017.
First Man had its premiere at theVenice Film Festival on August 29, 2018, and was released in the United States on October 12, byUniversal Pictures. The film received critical acclaim, particularly regarding the direction, Gosling and Foy's performances, musical score, and theMoon landing sequence. However the film underperformed at the box office, grossing $105.7 million worldwide on a $59 million production budget. It receivednumerous accolades, including four nominations at the91st Academy Awards (winningBest Visual Effects).
In 1961,NASA test pilotNeil Armstrong is flying theX-15 rocket-powered spaceplane when it unexpectedly bounces off the atmosphere when Armstrong attempts his initial descent. Although he manages to land the plane in theMojave Desert, his colleagues express concern that his recent record of mishaps is due to distraction.
His 2-year-old daughter, Karen, is undergoing treatment for a brain tumor. Desperate to save her, Neil keeps a detailed log of her symptoms and researches possible treatments, but she dies soon afterward. Grief-stricken and suspecting he has been grounded, Armstrong applies forProject Gemini and is accepted toNASA Astronaut Group 2. With his wife Janet, and their son Rick, Neil moves to Houston alongside other astronaut families. He befriendsElliot See, another civilian test pilot, andEd White. As Armstrong begins training,Deke Slayton impresses upon the new astronauts the importance of the Gemini program, as theSoviet Union had reached every milestone in theSpace Race ahead of the United States. Neil and Janet have a second son, Mark.
In 1965, after the Soviets complete the firstextravehicular activity (EVA), Armstrong is informed that he will commandGemini 8, withDavid Scott as the pilot. Prior to the mission, See andCharles Bassett are killed in aT-38 crash, deepening Armstrong's grief at the string of recent losses. Armstrong and Scott successfully launch on Gemini 8 and dock with theAgena target vehicle, but soon afterward, a malfunction causes the spacecraft to roll at an increasingly dangerous rate. After nearly blacking out, Armstrong activates theRCS thrusters and safely aborts the mission. He initially faces criticism, but NASA determines the crew is not at fault and the mission is rated a "success".
Later, White reveals that he has been selected for theApollo 1 mission, along withGus Grissom andRoger Chaffee. During a launch rehearsal test on January 27, 1967, afire kills White and the Apollo 1 crew. Armstrong learns the news while representing NASA at theWhite House. The next year, after Armstrong ejects from theLunar Landing Research Vehicle in an accident that could have killed him, Slayton informs Armstrong that he has been selected to commandApollo 11, which will likely attempt the firstlunar landing. As the mission nears, Armstrong becomes increasingly preoccupied and emotionally distant from his family. Prior to the launch, Janet confronts Neil about the possibility that he might not survive the flight and insists that he explain the risks of the mission to their young sons. After telling them about the risks he faces, Armstrong says goodbye to his family.
Three days after launch, Apollo 11 enters lunar orbit. Armstrong andBuzz Aldrin undock in theLunar ModuleEagle and begin the landing. The landing site terrain turns out to be much rougher than expected, forcing Armstrong to take manual control of the spacecraft. He landsEagle successfully at analternative site with less than 30 seconds of fuel remaining. After setting foot on theMoon, Armstrong utters his famous line, "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." Later he drops Karen's bracelet intoLittle West crater. With their mission complete, the astronauts return home and are placed inquarantine, where they watch footage ofJohn F. Kennedy's 1962 speech "We choose to go to the Moon" on television, and Neil and Janet share a moment of tenderness.
Jason Clarke asEd White, Neil's friend and neighbor, the first American towalk in space, who died during a pre-launch test forApollo 1, which was to be the first crewed Apollo mission.
Patrick Fugit asElliot See, partnered with Armstrong as backup crew forGemini 5. Chosen for command onGemini 9, See was killed in 1966 when his NASA trainer jet crashed in St. Louis, where he was training for that mission.
Shea Whigham asGus Grissom, one of the original Mercury Seven astronauts. He was killed during a pre-launch test for Apollo 1, which was to be the first crewed Apollo mission.
Shawn Eric Jones asWally Schirra, the first astronaut to go into space three times, and the only astronaut to have flown in the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs.
Universal andDreamWorks ultimately took up theFirst Man project in the mid-2010s.[8]Damien Chazelle, who had received critical acclaim for his work on 2014'sWhiplash, signed on to the film's production that year, and hiredJosh Singer to rewrite an existing script.[9] Gosling, who starred in Chazelle's 2016 filmLa La Land, joined as well to portray Armstrong in November 2015, and Hansen was hired to co-produce the film because of his role as the book's author.[10][11]Wyck Godfrey and Marty Bowen also produced the film throughTemple Hill Entertainment, with pre-production starting in March 2017.[12][9] ActorJon Bernthal was originally attached to the project and was cast as David Scott, but had to depart the production when his daughter suffered a serious illness.[13]PIX Systems were used to aid in the production of this film.[14]
Principal photography began inAtlanta, Georgia, in November 2017.[15] Chazelle and cinematographer Linus Sandgren chose to shoot the film in three different formats:Super 16mm,35mmTechniscope &Super 35 3-perf, andIMAX70mm film for the Moon sequence.[16] The 16mm format was used in most of the scenes that occur inside the spacecraft and 35mm film was used for the scenes that take place in the Armstrong house and around the NASA facility.[17]
First Man was shot without the use ofgreen screen. Instead,LED displays of up to 10 meters were used. These projected images that would simulate views of the Earth, space and lunar surface as seen from inside (or just outside) aircraft and spacecraft depicted in the film. Next to the screens, several simulators of spacecraft were built. These were programmed to move synchronized with the images on the curved LED screens that could be seen through the windows. Chazelle chose this technique to help the actors to feel like the astronauts; instead of seeing a green screen, they saw the outside environment recreated withvisual effects.Miniatures were used for several exterior shots of the spacecraft.[18]
To recreate Armstrong's home, the production crew built a replica of it in an empty lot. The lunar surface was simulated by sculpting the landscape of theVulcan Quarry just south of Atlanta.[18] Chazelle filmed these sequences at night, using a custom 200,000-watt light to duplicate the effect of sunlight on the surface.[19] For the simulation of low gravity on the lunar surface, a balancing system calibrated for the actors was constructed.[17]NASA historian Christian Gelzer, as well as astronautsAl Bean (fromApollo 12) andAl Worden (fromApollo 15), were on set as technical consultants.[20]
Paul Lambert served as the main visual effects supervisor. Visual effects for the film were provided byDNEG. To create the images that would be displayed on the LED screens,Terragen, a scenery generation program, was used. Additionally, archival footage such as that of an Apollo launch was used, found by DNEG in a 70mm military stock that had not been seen before. These shots were then cleaned up and extended on each side of the frame.[18] Chazelle believed that it was important that the space scenes in the film matched what people knew from the historical footage, and using the historical footage itself made this possible.[21]
Thepressure suits used in the film were made by prop maker Ryan Nagata. His work on the film includes the A/P22S-2 worn in the beginning of the movie, the ejection seat harness on the Gemini suits, and the gloves used on the Lunar Extra Vehicular Activity (EVA) scene along with the Communications Carrier Assembly or "Snoopy cap", and a urine collection device. TheGemini, Apollo I, and ApolloA7L suits were made by Global Effects Inc, and were used throughout the section of the movie devoted to Apollo 11.[22]
Themusical score forFirst Man was composed and conducted byJustin Hurwitz. The score was performed by a 94-pieceorchestra, with instruments such as the electronictheremin andMoog synthesizer, as well as vintage sound-altering machines includingLeslie speakers and anEchoplex, in order to balance vintage and electronic sounds.[23][24] The score album released on October 12, 2018, byBack Lot Music and received praise from critics, especially for its balance of softer melodic passages and powerful themes.[25][26]
First Man grossed $44.9 million in the United States and Canada, and $60.7 million in other territories, for a total worldwide gross of $105.6 million, against a production budget of $59 million.[5]
In the United States and Canada,First Man was released alongsideGoosebumps 2: Haunted Halloween andBad Times at the El Royale, and was projected to gross $18–25 million from 3,640 theaters in its opening weekend.[35][36] The film made $5.8 million on its first day, including $1.1 million from Thursday night previews at 2,850 theaters. It went on to debut to $16 million, finishing third at the box office behind holdoversVenom andA Star Is Born.[2] Anthony D'Alessandro ofDeadline Hollywood stated that the under-performance was less a matter of anycontroversy involving the American flag and more to do with the 141 minute runtime and the film's focus on drama,[2] althoughForbes speculated the backlash played a factor.[37] Michael Cieply, also ofDeadline, acknowledged that the flag controversy drew Internet criticism and that it could have hurt the film's performance at the box office.[38] The film fell 47% in its second weekend, grossing $8.6 million and finishing fifth, and then made $4.9 million in its third week, finishing seventh.[39][40]
On review aggregatorRotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 87% based on 468 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "First Man uses a personal focus to fuel a look back at a pivotal moment in human history – and takes audiences on a soaring dramatic journey along the way."[41] OnMetacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 84 out of 100, based on 56 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[42] Audiences polled byCinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale, whilePostTrak reported filmgoers gave it a 79% positive score.[2]
Owen Gleiberman ofVariety called the film "so revelatory in its realism, so gritty in its physicality, that it becomes a drama of thrillingly hellbent danger and obsession."[43] Writing forIndieWire, Michael Nordine awarded the film a B+, describing it as "A powerful experience that will inspire renewed awe of what Armstrong and his ilk did." Nordine praised the opening flight sequence, Gosling's performance and Chazelle's direction.[44] Peter Howell of theToronto Star praised the Moon landing sequence, writing: "When the Eagle finally lands on the moon inFirst Man, the picture truly soars."[45] Nicholas Barber of theBBC gave it a five-star rating, stating that "Gosling and Foy's performances inFirst Man are probably too unshowy to win awards. But they should, because they could hardly have been bettered. The same goes for the whole of this extraordinary film."[46]
A. O. Scott, ofThe New York Times, wrote that the film "gets almost everything right, but it's also strangely underwhelming. It reminds you of an extraordinary feat and acquaints you with an interesting, enigmatic man. But there is a further leap beyond technical accomplishment – into meaning, history, metaphysics or the wilder zones of the imagination – that the film is too careful, too earthbound, to attempt."[47]Anthony Lane ofThe New Yorker said the film "captures the grandeur and otherness of the Apollo saga, but not the Midwestern modesty of its hero, Neil Armstrong," writing: "Skillful and compelling this film may be, but, if Neil Armstrong had been the sort of fellow who was likely to cry on the moon, he wouldn't have been the first man chosen to go there. He would have been the last."[48]
Richard Brody, also ofThe New Yorker, saidFirst Man would appeal to right-wing proponents as "a film of deluded, cultish longing for an earlier era of American life, one defined not by conservative politics but, rather, by a narrow and regressive emotional perspective that shapes and distorts the substance of the film."[49]Armond White of theNational Review gave the film a negative review, writing: "... director Damien Chazelle aims to give a realistic, procedural account of Armstrong's journey, yet the poetry never happens. Chazelle's take is dour, deliberately unromantic."[50]
On August 31, 2018, it was reported that the film would not include a scene of Armstrong and Aldrin planting theAmerican flag on the Moon. Florida SenatorMarco Rubio described the omission as "total lunacy". Chazelle responded with a statement, saying: "I show the American flag standing on the lunar surface, but the flag being physically planted into the surface is one of several moments [...] that I chose not to focus upon. To address the question of whether this was a political statement, the answer is no. My goal with this movie was to share with audiences the unseen, unknown aspects of America's mission to the Moon."[60]United States PresidentDonald Trump commented on the omission: "It's almost like they're embarrassed at the achievement coming from America, I think it's a terrible thing. When you think of Neil Armstrong and when you think of the landing on the moon, you think about the American flag. For that reason, I wouldn't even want to watch the movie."[61] Following the film's below-expectations opening of $16 million, some analysts speculated that the flag controversy was in part to blame.[37][38][62]
The film revived international interest in Armstrong's first wife, Janet, who plays a central part in the film.[63][64][65] She died a few months before the film's release.[66]
During Armstrong's 1961 flight in an X-15, the rocket plane begins "ballooning" (i.e., bouncing off the top of the atmosphere). The view out the window shows a carpet of clouds just below the wings. However, Armstrong was at 120,000 feet (37,000 m), about twice the altitude at which even the highest clouds form.[67]
Armstrong learns in the same conversation that he will command Apollo 11 and become the first man on the Moon. Apollo astronauts were assigned to their crews sometimes years in advance. For the two-plus years leading up to Apollo 11 it was assumed that the first lunar landing would not be attempted until Apollo 12, 13 or even 14.[67]
On the lunar surface, Armstrong spends a few minutes alone at Little West Crater. He opens his gloved hand to reveal his daughter Karen's tiny bracelet and drops it into the crater. While Armstrong did visit the crater, there is no historical record that he took the bracelet with him to the Moon.[67]
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