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First Major ministry

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Government of the United Kingdom from 1990 to 1992

This article is about the people in John Major’s first government. For the events of John Major's tenure as prime minister, seePremiership of John Major.

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First Major ministry
Cabinet of the United Kingdom
1990–1992
Major in 1993
Date formed	28 November 1990 (1990-11-28)
Date dissolved	10 April 1992 (1992-04-10)
People and organisations
Monarch	Elizabeth II
Prime Minister	John Major
Prime Minister's history	Premiership of John Major
Totalno. of members	108 appointments
Member party	Conservative Party
Status in legislature	Majority
Opposition cabinet	Kinnock shadow cabinet
Opposition party	Labour Party
Opposition leader	Neil Kinnock
History
Outgoing election	1992 general election
Legislature terms	50th UK Parliament
Budgets	1991 budget 1992 budget
Incoming formation	1990 Conservative leadership election
Predecessor	Third Thatcher ministry
Successor	Second Major ministry

This article is part of
a series about

John Major

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

Premiership

First ministry and term

(November 1990 – April 1992)

Second ministry and term

(April 1992 – May 1997)

Bibliography

John Major formed thefirst Major ministry upon the resignation ofMargaret Thatcher in November 1990, after being invited by QueenElizabeth II to form a new government. Major inherited amajority government.

Formation

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The resignation ofMargaret Thatcher as prime minister came on 22 November 1990, more than 11 years after she had first been elected. FormerCabinet ministerMichael Heseltine had challenged her leadership earlier in November and although she fared better than him in theleadership contest, she was unable to gain an outright win and handed in her resignation, paving the way for a newConservative leader more likely to win the next general election which was due within 18 months.

The announcement of theCommunity Charge (often referred to as the Poll Tax) during 1989 and the onset of a recession shortly before Thatcher's resignation had seen Tory support plunge in the opinion polls, most of which were showing a double-digit Labour lead and making it seem likely thatNeil Kinnock would be the next prime minister.

Conservative MPs electedChancellor of the Exchequer,John Major as their new leader on 27 November 1990, and he was invited by the Queen to form a majority government the following day.

Fate

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The change of leader fromMargaret Thatcher toJohn Major saw a revival in Tory support, with the double-digit lead in the opinion polls for theLabour Party being replaced by a narrow Conservative one by the turn of 1991. Although a general election did not have to be held until June 1992, Labour leaderNeil Kinnock kept pressurising Major to hold an election during 1991, but Major resisted the calls and there was no election that year.

The recession which began in the autumn of 1990 deepened during 1991, with unemployment standing at nearly 2.5 million by December 1991, compared to 1.6 million just 18 months earlier. Despite this, Tory support in the opinion polls remained relatively strong, with any Labour lead now being by the narrowest of margins, although Labour still made some gains at the expense of the Tories in local elections, and seized theMonmouth seat from the Tories ina by-election.

Major finally called anelection for 9 April 1992 which ended the first Major ministry. In a surprise to most pollsters, Major won the election, which led to the formation of theSecond Major ministry and a fourth consecutive Conservative term in office.

Cabinet

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November 1990 – April 1992

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First Major Cabinet^[1]
Portfolio	Minister	Term
Cabinet ministers
Prime Minister First Lord of the Treasury Minister for the Civil Service	John Major	1990–97
Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain	James Mackay, Baron Mackay of Clashfern	1987–97
Chancellor of the Exchequer	Norman Lamont	1990–93
Foreign Secretary	Douglas Hurd	1989–95
Home Secretary	Kenneth Baker	1990–92
Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food	John Gummer	1989–93
Secretary of State for Defence	Tom King	1989–92
Secretary of State for Education	Kenneth Clarke	1990–92
Secretary of State for Employment	Michael Howard	1990–92
Secretary of State for Energy	John Wakeham	1989–92
Secretary of State for the Environment	Michael Heseltine	1990–92
Secretary of State for Health	William Waldegrave	1990–92
Secretary of State for Northern Ireland	Peter Brooke	1989–92
Leader of the House of Commons Lord President of the Council	John MacGregor	1990–92
Leader of the House of Lords Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal	David Waddington, Baron Waddington	1990–92
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster	Chris Patten	1990–92
Secretary of State for Social Security	Tony Newton	1989–92
Secretary of State for Scotland	Ian Lang	1990–95
Secretary of State for Trade and Industry President of the Board of Trade	Peter Lilley	1990–92
Secretary of State for Transport	Malcolm Rifkind	1990–92
Chief Secretary to the Treasury	David Mellor	1990–92
Secretary of State for Wales	David Hunt	1990–93
Also attending cabinet meetings
Attorney General for England and Wales	Patrick Mayhew	1987–92
Chief Whip Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury	Richard Ryder	1990–95

List of ministers

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Members of the Cabinet are inbold face.

Office	Name	Date
Prime Minister First Lord of the Treasury Minister for the Civil Service	John Major	28 November 1990 – 1 May 1997
Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain	James Mackay, Baron Mackay of Clashfern	Continued in office
Leader of the House of Commons Lord President of the Council	John MacGregor	Continued in office
Leader of the House of Lords Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal	David Waddington, Baron Waddington	28 November 1990
Chancellor of the Exchequer	Norman Lamont	28 November 1990
Chief Secretary to the Treasury	David Mellor	28 November 1990
Minister of State for Treasury	Gillian Shephard	28 November 1990 – 11 April 1992
Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury	Richard Ryder	28 November 1990
Financial Secretary to the Treasury	Francis Maude	Continued in office
Economic Secretary to the Treasury	John Maples	Continued in office – 14 April 1992
Lords of the Treasury	Tom Sackville	Continued in Office – 14 April 1992
	Sydney Chapman	Continued in office – 14 April 1992
	Greg Knight	Continued in office – 27 May 1993
	Irvine Patnick	Continued in office – 20 July 1994
	Nicholas Baker	3 December 1990 – 20 July 1994
Assistant Whips	Timothy Wood	Continued in office – 14 April 1992
	Timothy Kirkhope	Continued in office – 15 December 1992
	Timothy Boswell	Continued in office – 14 April 1992
	Neil Hamilton	Continued in office – 14 April 1992
	Nicholas Baker	Continued in office – 3 December 1990
	David Davis	3 December 1990 – 28 May 1993
Foreign Secretary	Douglas Hurd	26 October 1989
Minister of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs	Lynda Chalker^[a]	Continued in office – 1 May 1997
	Malcolm Sinclair, 20th Earl of Caithness	Continued in office – 15 April 1992
	Tristan Garel-Jones	Continued in office – 27 May 1993
	Douglas Hogg	Continued in office – 5 July 1995
Under-Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs	Mark Lennox-Boyd	Continued in office
Minister for Overseas Development	Lynda Chalker^[b]	Continued in office
Home Secretary	Kenneth Baker	28 November 1990
Minister of State for Home Affairs	John Patten	Continued in office – 14 April 1992
	Robert Shirley, 13th Earl Ferrers	Continued in office – 20 July 1994
	Angela Rumbold	Continued in office – 14 April 1992
Under-Secretary of State for Home Affairs	Peter Lloyd	Continued in office – 15 April 1992
Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food	John Gummer	Continued in office
Minister of State for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food	Jean Barker, Baroness Trumpington	Continued in office – 14 April 1992
Under-Secretary of State for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food	David Curry	Continued in office – 14 April 1992
	David Maclean	Continued in office – 14 April 1992
Minister for the Arts^[c]	Tim Renton	28 November 1990
Secretary of State for Defence	Tom King	Continued in office
Minister of State for the Armed Forces	Archie Hamilton	Continued in office
Minister of State for Defence Procurement	Alan Clark	Continued in office
Under-Secretary of State for Defence	Kenneth Carlisle	28 November 1990 – 15 April 1992
Under-Secretary of State for Defence	Arthur Gore, 9th Earl of Arran	28 November 1990 – 15 April 1992
Secretary of State for Education and Science^[d]	Kenneth Clarke	Continued in office
Minister of State, Education and Science	Timothy Eggar	Continued in office – 14 April 1992
Under-Secretary of State, Education and Science	Alan Howarth	Continued in office – 14 April 1992
	Michael Fallon	Continued in office – 14 April 1992
	Robert Atkins^[e]	28 November 1990 – 14 April 1992
Secretary of State for Employment	Michael Howard	Continued in office
Under-Secretary of State, Employment	Robert Jackson	Continued in office – 14 April 1992
	Eric Forth	Continued in office – 14 April 1992
	Nicholas Lowther, 2nd Viscount Ullswater	Continued in office – 16 September 1993
Secretary of State for Energy	John Wakeham	Continued in office^[f]
Under-Secretary of State, Energy	Colin Moynihan	Continued in office – 11 April 1992
Under-Secretary of State, Energy	David Heathcoat-Amory	28 November 1990 – 11 April 1992
Secretary of State for the Environment	Michael Heseltine	28 November 1990
Minister of State for Local Government	Michael Portillo	Continued in office
Minister of State for Housing	Sir George Young 6th Baronet	28 November 1990
Minister of State for Environment and Countryside	David Trippier	28 November 1990
Minister of State, Environment	Emily Blatch, Baroness Blatch	21 May 1991 – 13 April 1992
Under-Secretary of State, Environment	Emily Blatch, Baroness Blatch	Continued in office – 21 May 1991
	Robert Key	Continued in office – 15 April 1992
	Tim Yeo	28 November 1990 – 15 April 1992
	Tony Baldry	28 November 1990 – 20 July 1994
Secretary of State for Health	William Waldegrave	Continued in office
Minister of State, Health	Virginia Bottomley	Continued in office
Under-Secretary of State, Health and Social Security	Gloria Hooper, Baroness Hooper	Continued in office – 14 April 1992
Secretary of State for Social Security	Tony Newton	Continued in office
Minister of State, Social Security	Nicholas Scott	Continued in office – 20 July 1994
Under-Secretary of State, Social Security	Oliver Eden, 8th Baron Henley	Continued in office - 16 September 1993
	Michael Jack	28 November 1990 – 14 April 1992
	Ann Widdecombe	30 November 1990 – 27 May 1993
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster	Chris Patten	28 November 1990
Secretary of State for Northern Ireland	Peter Brooke	Continued in office
Minister of State, Northern Ireland	Brian Mawhinney	28 November 1990 – 14 April 1992
Minister of State, Northern Ireland	John Ganzoni, 2nd Baron Belstead^[g]	28 November 1990 – 14 April 1992
Under-Secretary of State, Northern Ireland	Richard Needham (6th Earl of Kilmorey)	Continued in office – 15 April 1992
Under-Secretary of State, Northern Ireland	Jeremy Hanley	3 December 1990 – 27 May 1993
Paymaster General	John Ganzoni, 2nd Baron Belstead^[h]	28 November 1990
Secretary of State for Scotland	Ian Lang	28 November 1990
Minister of State for Scotland	Michael Forsyth	Continued in office – 14 April 1992
Under-Secretary of State for Scotland	Lord James Douglas-Hamilton	Continued in office – 6 July 1995
	Thomas Galbraith, 2nd Baron Strathclyde	Continued in office – 14 April 1992
	Allan Stewart	28 November 1990 – 8 February 1995
Minister for Trade	Tim Sainsbury	Continued in office
Secretary of State for Trade and Industry	Peter Lilley	Continued in office
Minister for Industry	Alexander Fermor-Hesketh, 3rd Baron Hesketh	Continued in office
Minister for Industry	vacant	21 May 1991
Minister for Corporate Affairs	John Redwood	Continued in office – 13 April 1992
Under-Secretary of State for Trade and Industry	Edward Leigh	Continued in office – 27 May 1993
Under-Secretary of State for Trade and Industry	The Lord Reay	22 May 1991 – 14 April 1992
Secretary of State for Transport	Malcolm Rifkind	28 November 1990
Minister of State, Transport	Ivon Moore-Brabazon, 3rd Baron Brabazon of Tara	Continued in office – 14 April 1992
Minister for Public Transport	Roger Freeman	28 November 1990 – 20 July 1994
Under-Secretary of State for Transport	Patrick McLoughlin	Continued in office – 14 April 1992
Under-Secretary of State for Transport	Christopher Chope	Continued in office – 14 April 1992
Secretary of State for Wales	David Hunt	Continued in office
Minister of State for Wales	Wyn Roberts	Continued in office – 20 July 1994
Under-Secretary of State for Wales	Nicholas Bennett	3 December 1990 – 14 April 1992
Attorney General	SirPatrick Mayhew	Continued in office
Solicitor General	SirNicholas Lyell	Continued in office
Lord Advocate	Peter Fraser, Baron Fraser of Carmyllie	Continued in office
Solicitor General for Scotland	Alan Rodger^[i]	Continued in office
Treasurer of the Household	Alastair Goodlad	Continued in office
Comptroller of the Household	David Lightbown	28 November 1990
Vice-Chamberlain of the Household	John Taylor	28 November 1990
Captain of the Gentlemen-at-Arms	Bertram Bowyer, 2nd Baron Denham	Continued in office
Captain of the Gentlemen-at-Arms	Alexander Fermor-Hesketh, 3rd Baron Hesketh	22 May 1991
Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard	Andrew Davidson, 2nd Viscount Davidson	Continued in office
Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard	Michael Bowes-Lyon, 18th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne	30 December 1991
Lords-in-Waiting	Richard Long, 4th Viscount Long	Continued in Office - 2 May 1997
	Hugh Mackay, 14th Lord Reay	Continued in office – 21 May 1991
	Michael Bowes-Lyon, 18th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne	Continued in office – 30 December 1991
	Hugh Cavendish, Baron Cavendish of Furness	Continued in office – 22 April 1993
	William Astor, 4th Viscount Astor	Continued in office – 16 September 1993
	Frederick Curzon, 7th Earl Howe	30 May 1991 – 15 April 1992
	Jean Denton, Baroness Denton of Wakefield	January 1992 – 15 April 1992

Notes

^Also Minister of Overseas Development; created Baroness Chalker of Wallasey 24 April 1992.
^Also Minister of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs; created Baroness Chalker of Wallasey 24 April 1992.
^Functions transferred on 11 April 1992 to Department of National Heritage.
^Reorganised as Office of Education 10 April 1992.
^Under-Secretary of State, Sport.
^Office abolished 11 April 1992.
^AlsoPaymaster General.
^AlsoMinister of State, Northern Ireland.
^Not an MP.

Footnotes

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^"Holders of Ministerial Office in the Conservative Governments 1979–1997"(PDF). House of Commons Library. Retrieved26 June 2017.

References

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D. Butler and G. Butler, ed. (2016).Twentieth Century British Political Facts 1900–2000. Springer.ISBN 9781349627332.^{[publisher missing]}
Hennessy, Peter (2001)."The Solo-Coalitionist: John Major, 1990–97".The Prime Minister: The Office and Its Holders since 1945.Penguin Group.ISBN 978-0-14-028393-8.
Sherrin, Ned (25 September 2008).Oxford Dictionary of Humorous Quotations. OUP Oxford.ISBN 978-0-19-923716-6.

External links

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British Cabinet and Government Membership, archived fromthe original on 16 January 2009, retrieved20 April 2012
British Government 1979–2005, archived fromthe original on 7 February 2012, retrieved20 November 2007

Preceded by

Third Thatcher ministry

Government of the United Kingdom
1990–1992

Succeeded by

Second Major ministry

v t e John Major
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1990–1997) Chief Secretary to the Treasury (1987–1989) Foreign Secretary (1989) Chancellor of the Exchequer (1989–1990)
Politics	Premiership Major ministry First, 1990–1992 Second, 1992–1997 Shadow Cabinet One-nation conservatism Huntingdonshire Huntingdon
National	Budgets 1991 budget 1992 budget March 1993 budget November 1993 budget 1994 budget 1995 budget 1996 budget Citizen's Charter Charter Mark Cones Hotline Early 1990s recession Black Wednesday National Lottery Further and Higher Education Act 1992 Grant-maintained schools Maastricht Rebels 1993 Newbury by-election Northern Ireland peace process Downing Street mortar attack Downing Street Declaration 1993 reviews of the British honours system Council Tax Child Support Agency 1993 vote of confidence Back to Basics Privatisation of British Rail Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1995 Conservative Party leadership election Cullen Report (Dunblane massacre) Cash for Questions Committee on Standards in Public Life Arms-to-Iraq affair Scott Report United Kingdom BSE outbreak Wirral South by-election Resignation Honours
International	Gulf War Iraqi no-fly zones Sanctions against Iraq Harare Declaration Maastricht Treaty Bosnian War Operation Gabriel
General elections	1992 1997
European Parliament Election	1994
Party elections	1990 1995
Books	John Major: The Autobiography (1999) More Than a Game: The Story of Cricket's Early Years (2007) My Old Man: A Personal History of Music Hall (2012)
Family	Norma Major (wife) Terry Major-Ball (brother) Tom Major-Ball (father)
Cultural depictions	Thatcher: The Final Days (TV, 1991) Independence Day UK (Radio, 1996) Margaret (TV, 2009) The Iron Lady (Film, 2011) The Audience (Play, 2013) The Crown season 5 (TV, 2022)
← Margaret Thatcher Tony Blair → Category

v t e Major Cabinet
Cabinet Members	Jonathan Aitken Kenneth Baker Virginia Bottomley Peter Brooke Kenneth Clarke Viscount Cranborne Stephen Dorrell Michael Forsyth Roger Freeman John Gummer William Hague Jeremy Hanley Michael Heseltine Douglas Hogg Michael Howard David Hunt Douglas Hurd Tom King Norman Lamont Ian Lang Peter Lilley John MacGregor Lord Mackay John Major Brian Mawhinney Patrick Mayhew David Mellor Tony Newton Chris Patten John Patten Michael Portillo John Redwood Malcolm Rifkind Gillian Shephard Lord Waddington Lord Wakeham William Waldegrave George Young
Also attended meetings	Norman Fowler Alastair Goodlad Richard Ryder

v t e British governments
Great Britain (1707–1801)	Godolphin–Marlborough Harley Townshend Stanhope–Sunderland I Stanhope–Sunderland II Walpole–Townshend Walpole Carteret Broad Bottom I and II Short-lived Newcastle I Pitt–Devonshire 1757 Caretaker Pitt–Newcastle (Newcastle II) Bute Grenville Rockingham I Chatham Grafton North Rockingham II Shelburne Fox–North (Portland I) Pitt I
UK (GB and Ire) (1801–1922)	Addington Pitt II All the Talents Portland II Perceval Liverpool Canning Goderich Wellington–Peel Grey Melbourne I Wellington Caretaker Peel I Melbourne II Peel II Russell I Who? Who? (Derby–Disraeli I) Aberdeen Palmerston I Derby–Disraeli II Palmerston II Russell II Derby–Disraeli III (Disraeli I) Gladstone I Disraeli II Gladstone II Salisbury I Gladstone III Salisbury II Gladstone IV Rosebery Salisbury III and IV Balfour Campbell-Bannerman Asquith I–III Asquith Coalition Lloyd George I and II
UK (GB and NI) (1922–present)	Law Baldwin I MacDonald I Baldwin II MacDonald II National Government I National Government II National Government III National Government IV Chamberlain War Churchill War Churchill Caretaker Attlee I and II Churchill III Eden Macmillan I and II Douglas-Home Wilson I and II Heath Wilson III and IV Callaghan Thatcher I Thatcher II Thatcher III Major I Major II Blair I Blair II Blair III Brown Cameron–Clegg (Cameron I) Cameron II May I May II Johnson I Johnson II Truss Sunak Starmer
Current ministry

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