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First Battle of the Isonzo

Coordinates:45°56′33″N13°36′09″E / 45.94250°N 13.60250°E /45.94250; 13.60250
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Battle in 1915 on the Italian Front during the First World War
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First Battle of the Isonzo
Part of theItalian Front
(World War I)

Eleven Battles of the Isonzo
June 1915 – September 1917
Date23 June – 7 July 1915
Location
Isonzo river, north-westSlovenia from the mountainKrn to theGulf of Trieste
ResultInconclusive
Belligerents
 ItalyAustria-Hungary
Commanders and leaders
Strength
225,000:
  • 18 divisions
  • 252 battalions
  • 111 cavalry squadrons
  • 700 guns
115,000:
  • 8 divisions
  • 84 battalions
  • 13 cavalry squadrons
  • 356 guns
Casualties and losses
15,000[1]10,000[1]

TheFirst Battle of the Isonzo was fought between the armies ofItaly andAustria-Hungary on the northeasternItalian Front inWorld War I, between 23 June and 7 July 1915.

The aim of the Italian Army was to drive the Austrians away from its defensive positions along theSoča (Isonzo) river and surrounding mountains and hopefully capture theport of Trieste.

Although the Italians enjoyed a 2:1 numeric superiority, their offensive failed because the Italian commander,Luigi Cadorna, employedfrontal assaults after impressive (but short)artillery barrages. The Austro-Hungarians had the advantage of fighting from uphill positions barricaded with barbed wire which were able to easily resist the Italian assault.[citation needed]

The Italians had some early successes. They partially tookKrn (Monte Nero), took Kolovrat Plateau, and captured highlands aroundBovec. However, they were unable to dislodge the Austro-Hungarian troops from the high ground between Tolmin and Soča River. The heaviest fighting occurred aroundGorizia (Gorica). In addition to the natural defenses of the river and mountains, bastions were created at Oslavia (Oslavje) andPodgora. The fighting at Gorizia consisted of street-by-street urban combat interspersed with artillery fire. Italian troops, such as the Italian Re and Casale Brigades, were able to advance as far as the suburbs but could get no further and were driven back. They made small footholds at Sagrado and Redipuglia on theKarst Plateau southeast of Gorizia but were unable to do much else.

On the Austrian-Hungarian side two commanders distinguished themselves: Major GeneralGéza Lukachich von Somorja, commander of the 5th Mountain Brigade, who retook Redipuglia, and Major GeneralNovak von Arienti who retook Hill 383 (overlooking Plave) with his 1st Mountain Brigade.

Early in July the commander of the Austro-Hungarian Fifth Army, GeneralSvetozar Boroević, received two reinforcementdivisions, which put an end to the Italian efforts at breaking through the Austro-Hungarian lines.

The final Italian gains were minimal: in the northern sector, they conquered the heights overBovec (MountKanin); in the southern sector, they conquered the westernmost ridges of theKarst Plateau nearFogliano Redipuglia andMonfalcone. The battle was soon followed by theSecond Battle of the Isonzo.

Involved units

[edit]
Austria-Hungary
5th Army
VII CorpsXVI CorpsXV Corps
1st Infantry Division57th Infantry Division61st Infantry Division20th Infantry Division58th Infantry Division
17th Infantry Division18th Infantry Division50th Infantry Division
187th Infantry Brigade6th Mountain Brigade16th Mountain Brigade14th Mountain Brigade81st Honvéd Infantry Brigade
39th Honvéd Infantry Brigade2nd Mountain Brigade12th Mountain Brigade5th Mountain Brigade4th Mountain Brigade
10th Mountain Brigade1st Mountain Brigade13th Mountain Brigade7th Mountain Brigade15th Mountain Brigade
8th Mountain Brigade3rd Mountain Brigade
Reserve
93rd Infantry Division
Headquarters
VII Corps in KostanjevicaXVI Corps in DornbergXV Corps in Kneža
Italy
2nd Army3rd Army
VII CorpsX CorpsXI CorpsVI CorpsII Corps
IV Corps
13th Infantry Division14th Infantry Division20th Infantry Division19th Infantry Division21st Infantry Division
12th Infantry Division11th Infantry Division4th Infantry Division3rd Infantry Division32nd Infantry Division
7th Infantry Division8th Infantry DivisionBersaglieri DivisionAlpini Group A and Bhalf 29th Infantry Division
Reserve
XIV Corps
half 29th Infantry Division22nd Infantry Division28th Infantry Division30th Infantry Division23rd Infantry Division
27th Infantry Division33rd Infantry Division1st Cavalry Division2nd Cavalry Division3rd Cavalry Division
Commanders
Pietro FrugoniEmanuele Filiberto
Headquarters
2nd Army in Udine3rd Army in Cervignano

See also

[edit]
Solkan (left) and the Isonzo
Austro-Hungarian trench at theSoča (Isonzo)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ab"Le dodici Battaglie dell'Isonzo".
  • Österreichisches Staatsarchiv/Kriegsarchiv Wien
  • L'esercito italiano nella grande guerra (1915–1918) Volume I–IV / Roma: Ministerio della Guerra – Ufficio Storico, 1929–1974
  • Ministero della Guerra Stato Maggiore centrale – Ufficio Storico.Guerra Italo-Austriaca 1915–18. Le medaglie d'Oro. Volume secondo – 1916. Roma: 1923
  • Österreich-Ungarns letzter Krieg 1914–1918 Band II Verlag der Militärwissenschftlichen Mitteilungen Wien 1931–1933
  • Anton Graf Bossi-Fedrigotti:Kaiserjäger – Ruhm und Ende. Stocker Verlag, Graz 1977
  • http://www.worldwar1.com/itafront/ison1915.htm

Further reading

[edit]
  • Macdonald, John, and Željko Cimprič.Caporetto and the Isonzo Campaign: The Italian Front, 1915–1918. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Military, 2011.ISBN 978-1848846715OCLC 774957786
  • Page, Thomas Nelson, (1920) "Italy and the World War". New York, Charles Scribner's Sons,Full Text Available Online.
  • Schindler, John R. (2001).Isonzo: The Forgotten Sacrifice of the Great War. Praeger.ISBN 0275972046.OCLC 44681903.

External links

[edit]

45°56′33″N13°36′09″E / 45.94250°N 13.60250°E /45.94250; 13.60250

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