Fingerprint scanners are a type ofbiometric security device that identify an individual by identifying the structure of theirfingerprints. They are used in police stations,[1] security industries,smartphones,[2] and othermobile devices.[3][4]
People have patterns offriction ridges on their fingers, these patterns are called thefingerprints. Fingerprints are uniquely detailed, durable over an individual's lifetime, and difficult to alter.[5] Due to the unique combinations, fingerprints have become an ideal means of identification.[6]
There are four types of fingerprint scanners:
All fingerprint scanners are susceptible tospoofing through fingerprints replicated using photographs and 3D printing.[8]
Each type of fingerprint sensor can take two basic forms: the stagnant and the moving fingerprint scanner.
Add-on fingerprint readers for PCs initially appeared in the late 1990's in the form of PCMCIA modules.[10]Microsoft released a model in itsIntelliMouse line with an integrated fingerprint reader in 2005.[11]
Laptops with built-in readers emerged around the same time as peripheral readers with devices such asNECs MC/R730F.[12] IBM produced laptops with integrated readers starting in 2004.[13]Apple introduced fingerprint scanners to their devices under the nameTouch ID in 2013. These were initially released on theiPhone 5S, with the technology remaining exclusive to iPhones until the release of the 2016MacBook Pro. On both laptops and smartphones, the fingerprint sensor usually uses aUSB orI2C interface internally.
